Vehicles pass a sign indicating the new boundary of the low-emission zone and ultralow-emission zones' expansion on August 29 in London. Getty Images
Vehicles pass a sign indicating the new boundary of the low-emission zone and ultralow-emission zones' expansion on August 29 in London. Getty Images
Vehicles pass a sign indicating the new boundary of the low-emission zone and ultralow-emission zones' expansion on August 29 in London. Getty Images
Vehicles pass a sign indicating the new boundary of the low-emission zone and ultralow-emission zones' expansion on August 29 in London. Getty Images

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London’s low-emission zones have improved air quality, research shows

Low emission zone helped reduce particulate matter in London by 13 per cent between 2008 and 2013

Soraya Ebrahimi
Soraya Ebrahimi

November 02, 2023

  • English
  • Arabic

The launch of London’s first clean-air zone 15 years ago has significantly improved air quality, analysis shows.

The launch of London’s low emission zone in 2008 and ultralow-emission zone from 2019 has significantly improved air quality, academics at the University of Bath said.

The research showed the introduction of the low-emission zone helped to reduce particulate matter (PM10) in Greater London by 13 per cent between 2008 and 2013, compared to between 2003 and 2007.

Nitrogen dioxide levels had fallen by 18.4 per cent in 2019 in central London after the launch of the Ulez, compared to the period between 2016 and 2018, according to the research.

The researchers said that when comparing London to other large cities such as Manchester, Leicester, Liverpool and Leeds, which do not have such schemes, they found the benefits far exceed costs.

Cleaner air in London brought about by the low-emission zone contributed to a 4.5 per cent reduction in long-term health problems and an 8 per cent decrease in respiratory issues including asthma and bronchitis.

They concluded that the clean-air zones have helped to generate cost savings of more than £963 million ($1.2 billion) in Greater London.

The analysis suggests that the low-emission zone led to a reduction in hospital admissions for respiratory conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

It helped to avoid 12 respiratory admissions and 2.88 acute respiratory admissions for every 10,000 people in Greater London, compared to other areas in England.

“With this analysis, our goal was to offer an objective overview of the impact of low-emission zones in the capital and beyond," said lead author Dr Habtamu Beshir, from the University of Bath.

“Our study compares London to cities like Manchester, demonstrating the effectiveness of Lez and Ulez in improving air quality, enhancing health and alleviating the economic burden of ill health.”

Classic car owners affected by the Ulez expansion - in pictures

Trevor Manlow, 53, a motorcycle dealer in Hillingdon, West London, with his 2000 Harley Davidson Dyna Wide Glide. 'It makes me angry, kids see these cars and bikes on the street and at shows and smile, they love it. However, the Ulez expansion is going to kill this.' All photos: PA
Trevor Manlow, 53, a motorcycle dealer in Hillingdon, West London, with his 2000 Harley Davidson Dyna Wide Glide. 'It makes me angry, kids see these cars and bikes on the street and at shows and smile, they love it. However, the Ulez expansion is going to kill this.' All photos: PA
Paul Tucker, 52, a vehicle bodyfitter from Northolt, West London, with his 1998 Peugeot 106 Rally. 'I feel targeted, it's just another money-making scheme and if the mayor [Sadiq Khan] was serious he'd issue a complete ban'
Paul Tucker, 52, a vehicle bodyfitter from Northolt, West London, with his 1998 Peugeot 106 Rally. 'I feel targeted, it's just another money-making scheme and if the mayor [Sadiq Khan] was serious he'd issue a complete ban'
James Stoddart, 62, a sunbed salon owner in Mitcham, South-west London, who has a 1985 Austin Mini. 'I'm absolutely fuming, it's a joke what the mayor is doing with this expansion and what he has the power to do in far-out places such as Epsom'
James Stoddart, 62, a sunbed salon owner in Mitcham, South-west London, who has a 1985 Austin Mini. 'I'm absolutely fuming, it's a joke what the mayor is doing with this expansion and what he has the power to do in far-out places such as Epsom'
Peter McGeough, 80, a retired aircraft engineer, with his 1999 Volvo V70 in Greenford, West London. 'I've had to cancel the insurance on this car and get rid of it as I just can't afford an Ulez-compliant car'
Peter McGeough, 80, a retired aircraft engineer, with his 1999 Volvo V70 in Greenford, West London. 'I've had to cancel the insurance on this car and get rid of it as I just can't afford an Ulez-compliant car'
Nicholas Stone, 24, a student at Arts University Bournemouth, with his family's 1998 Mazda Demio at their home in Epsom, Surrey. 'Our family would have driven this car into the ground if it wasn't for the mayor's new Ulez expansion scheme but we're having to part with it as a lot of our daily amenities are inside the new boundary'
Nicholas Stone, 24, a student at Arts University Bournemouth, with his family's 1998 Mazda Demio at their home in Epsom, Surrey. 'Our family would have driven this car into the ground if it wasn't for the mayor's new Ulez expansion scheme but we're having to part with it as a lot of our daily amenities are inside the new boundary'
Karl Amos, 53, a plumbers' merchant in Hillingdon, with his 1985 Classic Mini. 'When I first built this car from the ground up, I said I'd be buried in it and I'd never thought I'd ever have to consider parting with it – it's left me heart-broken'
Karl Amos, 53, a plumbers' merchant in Hillingdon, with his 1985 Classic Mini. 'When I first built this car from the ground up, I said I'd be buried in it and I'd never thought I'd ever have to consider parting with it – it's left me heart-broken'
Laurence McGeough, 52, a vehicle technician in Greenford, West London, with his 1991 Ford Fiesta RS Turbo. "At the moment I drive this car every weekend to classic shows to meet similar owners. After August 29, I'm going to have to heavily clamp down and consider when I take it out'
Laurence McGeough, 52, a vehicle technician in Greenford, West London, with his 1991 Ford Fiesta RS Turbo. "At the moment I drive this car every weekend to classic shows to meet similar owners. After August 29, I'm going to have to heavily clamp down and consider when I take it out'
Richard Moore, 53, a motorway communication engineer from Hainault, East London, with his limited edition 1996 Vauxhall Calibra Turbo 4x4, says the expansion is 'the final nail in the coffin and I am looking to relocate my family and I to outside the new boundary'
Richard Moore, 53, a motorway communication engineer from Hainault, East London, with his limited edition 1996 Vauxhall Calibra Turbo 4x4, says the expansion is 'the final nail in the coffin and I am looking to relocate my family and I to outside the new boundary'
Paul Robins, 60, a part-time plumber in Biggin Hill, Kent, with his Mid-2000 B10 3.3 litre, left, and Mid-2000 BMW 530i Touring. "If TfL [Transport for London] don't respond back before August 29 and deem the car Ulez-compliant, I'll have to consider signing on for unemployment benefits and give up the work I do'
Paul Robins, 60, a part-time plumber in Biggin Hill, Kent, with his Mid-2000 B10 3.3 litre, left, and Mid-2000 BMW 530i Touring. "If TfL [Transport for London] don't respond back before August 29 and deem the car Ulez-compliant, I'll have to consider signing on for unemployment benefits and give up the work I do'
Jay McDonald, 45, a haulier in Hayes, West London, with his 1986 Mark 3 Ford Capri. 'It's a tax on the people, it won't achieve anything more than putting money in the pockets of TfL'
Jay McDonald, 45, a haulier in Hayes, West London, with his 1986 Mark 3 Ford Capri. 'It's a tax on the people, it won't achieve anything more than putting money in the pockets of TfL'

Prof Eleonora Fichera acknowledged concerns with compliance costs for owners of older vehicles, particularly affecting poorer communities.

“Our analysis confirms the effectiveness of low-emission zones in improving air quality and health – crucial for residents in large cities,” Prof Fichera said.

“It shouldn’t be a choice between health and affording schemes like Ulez.

“We must explore innovative policy solutions to make these schemes viable and effective.”

This week, the Mayor of London, Sadiq Khan, said the controversial expansion of the ultralow-emission zone led to “cleaner air across London”.

A Transport for London report showed the proportion of vehicles in the expanded area that comply with minimum emissions standards has risen from 85 per cent in May 2022 to 95 per cent in September.

Mr Khan extended the Ulez zone from everywhere within the North and South Circular roads to cover all London boroughs from August 29.

For petrol cars to meet the emissions standards they must generally have been first registered after 2005.

Most diesel cars registered after September 2015 are also exempt from the £12.50 daily charge.

The transport department's report showed 93,700 vehicles that failed to meet minimum emissions standards were driven in the capital on an average day in the first month after the expansion.

About 36 per cent were exempt, leaving about 60,000, including those owned by private motorists and businesses, liable for the daily charge.

That is 3 per cent of the total number of vehicles recorded as being driven in London each day.

The figures suggest the department receives about £730,000 a day in Ulez fees.

Enforcement action is taken in response to people not paying the Ulez charge in relation to 3 per cent of non-compliant vehicles, equal to about 2,000 a day.

The department said it issued 13,480 fixed-penalty notices between September 26 to 30.

They are are £180, reduced to £90 if paid within 14 days.

Failure to pay or make a representation within 28 days leads to it increasing to £270.

An anti-Ulez Facebook group with more than 40,000 members is urging people to refuse to pay, and is celebrating the vandalism of enforcement cameras.

A scheme providing up to £2,000 for Londoners to scrap a non-compliant vehicle is still open.

How much do leading UAE’s UK curriculum schools charge for Year 6?
  1. Nord Anglia International School (Dubai) – Dh85,032
  2. Kings School Al Barsha (Dubai) – Dh71,905
  3. Brighton College Abu Dhabi - Dh68,560
  4. Jumeirah English Speaking School (Dubai) – Dh59,728
  5. Gems Wellington International School – Dubai Branch – Dh58,488
  6. The British School Al Khubairat (Abu Dhabi) - Dh54,170
  7. Dubai English Speaking School – Dh51,269

*Annual tuition fees covering the 2024/2025 academic year

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Price: Exact regional pricing TBA

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Arsenal: Aubameyang (13')
Chelsea: Jorginho (83'), Abraham (87') 

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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
How to wear a kandura

Dos

  • Wear the right fabric for the right season and occasion 
  • Always ask for the dress code if you don’t know
  • Wear a white kandura, white ghutra / shemagh (headwear) and black shoes for work 
  • Wear 100 per cent cotton under the kandura as most fabrics are polyester

Don’ts 

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  • Buy a kandura only based on how it feels; ask questions about the fabric and understand what you are buying
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Our family matters legal consultant

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Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.

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UAE squad to face Ireland

Ahmed Raza (captain), Chirag Suri (vice-captain), Rohan Mustafa, Mohammed Usman, Mohammed Boota, Zahoor Khan, Junaid Siddique, Waheed Ahmad, Zawar Farid, CP Rizwaan, Aryan Lakra, Karthik Meiyappan, Alishan Sharafu, Basil Hameed, Kashif Daud, Adithya Shetty, Vriitya Aravind

Key facilities
  • Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
  • Premier League-standard football pitch
  • 400m Olympic running track
  • NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
  • 600-seat auditorium
  • Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
  • An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
  • Specialist robotics and science laboratories
  • AR and VR-enabled learning centres
  • Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
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AndhaDhun

Director: Sriram Raghavan

Producer: Matchbox Pictures, Viacom18

Cast: Ayushmann Khurrana, Tabu, Radhika Apte, Anil Dhawan

Rating: 3.5/5

On Women's Day
Mica

Director: Ismael Ferroukhi

Stars: Zakaria Inan, Sabrina Ouazani

3 stars

SPECS

Engine: 4-litre V8 twin-turbo
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Reputation

Taylor Swift

(Big Machine Records)

Ferrari 12Cilindri specs

Engine: naturally aspirated 6.5-liter V12

Power: 819hp

Torque: 678Nm at 7,250rpm

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Labour dispute

The insured employee may still file an ILOE claim even if a labour dispute is ongoing post termination, but the insurer may suspend or reject payment, until the courts resolve the dispute, especially if the reason for termination is contested. The outcome of the labour court proceedings can directly affect eligibility.


- Abdullah Ishnaneh, Partner, BSA Law 

The flights: South African Airways flies from Dubai International Airport with a stop in Johannesburg, with prices starting from around Dh4,000 return. Emirates can get you there with a stop in Lusaka from around Dh4,600 return.
The details: Visas are available for 247 Zambian kwacha or US$20 (Dh73) per person on arrival at Livingstone Airport. Single entry into Victoria Falls for international visitors costs 371 kwacha or $30 (Dh110). Microlight flights are available through Batoka Sky, with 15-minute flights costing 2,265 kwacha (Dh680).
Accommodation: The Royal Livingstone Victoria Falls Hotel by Anantara is an ideal place to stay, within walking distance of the falls and right on the Zambezi River. Rooms here start from 6,635 kwacha (Dh2,398) per night, including breakfast, taxes and Wi-Fi. Water arrivals cost from 587 kwacha (Dh212) per person.

The%20specs
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The biog

Hometown: Cairo

Age: 37

Favourite TV series: The Handmaid’s Tale, Black Mirror

Favourite anime series: Death Note, One Piece and Hellsing

Favourite book: Designing Brand Identity, Fifth Edition

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Key findings of Jenkins report
  • Founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, Hassan al Banna, "accepted the political utility of violence"
  • Views of key Muslim Brotherhood ideologue, Sayyid Qutb, have “consistently been understood” as permitting “the use of extreme violence in the pursuit of the perfect Islamic society” and “never been institutionally disowned” by the movement.
  • Muslim Brotherhood at all levels has repeatedly defended Hamas attacks against Israel, including the use of suicide bombers and the killing of civilians.
  • Laying out the report in the House of Commons, David Cameron told MPs: "The main findings of the review support the conclusion that membership of, association with, or influence by the Muslim Brotherhood should be considered as a possible indicator of extremism."
A State of Passion

Directors: Carol Mansour and Muna Khalidi

Stars: Dr Ghassan Abu-Sittah

Rating: 4/5

GAC GS8 Specs

Engine: 2.0-litre 4cyl turbo

Power: 248hp at 5,200rpm

Torque: 400Nm at 1,750-4,000rpm

Transmission: 8-speed auto

Fuel consumption: 9.1L/100km

On sale: Now

Price: From Dh149,900

England's all-time record goalscorers:
Wayne Rooney 53
Bobby Charlton 49
Gary Lineker 48
Jimmy Greaves 44
Michael Owen 40
Tom Finney 30
Nat Lofthouse 30
Alan Shearer 30
Viv Woodward 29
Frank Lampard 29

Updated: November 02, 2023, 12:01 AM`
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