London had the UK's highest gross disposable household income per head in 2021 where, on average, each person had £31,094 available to spend or save. Bloomberg
London had the UK's highest gross disposable household income per head in 2021 where, on average, each person had £31,094 available to spend or save. Bloomberg
London had the UK's highest gross disposable household income per head in 2021 where, on average, each person had £31,094 available to spend or save. Bloomberg
London had the UK's highest gross disposable household income per head in 2021 where, on average, each person had £31,094 available to spend or save. Bloomberg

Income gap between London and rest of UK hits record high


Matthew Davies
  • English
  • Arabic

The gap between disposable household incomes in London and the rest of the UK has reached a record, the latest figures from the Office for National Statistics show.

Overall in 2021, gross disposable household income (GDHI) in the UK grew by 3.6 per cent when compared with 2020, the ONS said.

Total GDHI stood at £1.5 trillion in 2021, of which 86.4 per cent was in England, 7.4 per cent in Scotland, 3.9 per cent in Wales, and 2.3 per cent in Northern Ireland.

The ONS calculates GDHI as the amount of money that all the individuals in a household have available for spending or saving after they have paid tax or received any direct benefits.

London had the highest GDHI per head where, on average, each person had £31,094 available to spend or save. That compared to a UK average of £21,679. Northern Ireland had the lowest GDHI per head by region at £17,636.

The London figure is 43 per cent above the national average, the highest it's been since the ONS started ONS began tracking the data 25 years ago.

Within London in 2021, Westminster had the highest GDHI per head at £67,389, more than three times the UK average. Meanwhile, Leicester had the lowest GDHI per head at £14,605.

Rhetoric and reality

Experts said it brings into focus the performance of the government's 'levelling-up' plans, first promised by the Conservative party before the 2019 election which saw Boris Johnson become Prime Minister.

“London’s economy recovered fastest from the pandemic, and this relative success looks to be feeding through into residents’ living standards," said Lindsay Judge, research director at the Resolution Foundation.

"The big picture here is that Britain is not converting its levelling up rhetoric into reality.

"To address this we need to focus on our major cities outside London, whose economic under-performance is holding back national prosperity.”

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Company profile

Date started: 2015

Founder: John Tsioris and Ioanna Angelidaki

Based: Dubai

Sector: Online grocery delivery

Staff: 200

Funding: Undisclosed, but investors include the Jabbar Internet Group and Venture Friends

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Islamophobia definition

A widely accepted definition was made by the All Party Parliamentary Group on British Muslims in 2019: “Islamophobia is rooted in racism and is a type of racism that targets expressions of Muslimness or perceived Muslimness.” It further defines it as “inciting hatred or violence against Muslims”.

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UPI facts

More than 2.2 million Indian tourists arrived in UAE in 2023
More than 3.5 million Indians reside in UAE
Indian tourists can make purchases in UAE using rupee accounts in India through QR-code-based UPI real-time payment systems
Indian residents in UAE can use their non-resident NRO and NRE accounts held in Indian banks linked to a UAE mobile number for UPI transactions

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Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.

Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.

Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.

“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.

Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.

From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.

Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.

BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.

Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.

Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.

“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.

“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.

“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”

The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
The bio

Favourite book: Peter Rabbit. I used to read it to my three children and still read it myself. If I am feeling down it brings back good memories.

Best thing about your job: Getting to help people. My mum always told me never to pass up an opportunity to do a good deed.

Best part of life in the UAE: The weather. The constant sunshine is amazing and there is always something to do, you have so many options when it comes to how to spend your day.

Favourite holiday destination: Malaysia. I went there for my honeymoon and ended up volunteering to teach local children for a few hours each day. It is such a special place and I plan to retire there one day.

Company Profile:

Name: The Protein Bakeshop

Date of start: 2013

Founders: Rashi Chowdhary and Saad Umerani

Based: Dubai

Size, number of employees: 12

Funding/investors:  $400,000 (2018) 

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Al Wasl means connection in Arabic

World’s largest 360-degree projection surface

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Updated: September 15, 2023, 11:50 AM