When Nadia Gattan first landed in London from war-torn Iraq in March 2004, she remembers being struck by the silence on the streets.
“When I got to London, I was like wow, it’s so quiet,” she said.
Until then, Gattan had spent her life in Baghdad and witnessed the fallout from the Iraq war in 2003, when a US-led coalition invaded Iraq to overthrow the government of Saddam Hussein. “Iraq was in a state of freefall. I had struggled to get a passport,” she said.
Before leaving, a series of suicide bombings targeted her offices at the International Committee of the Red Cross headquarters in Baghdad. “We were walking in our own colleagues' pools of blood,” she said.
Gattan arrived in the UK as a tourist, but when the violence continued to escalate in her home city, she decided not to go back. She obtained a work visa and has lived in the UK ever since. “All my tangible memories stayed in Baghdad,” she said.
Today, Gattan is among the tens of thousands of Iraqi-born residents in the UK. Yet 20 years on her memories of the Iraq war conjure mixed feelings.
Gattan recalled the days and weeks after Saddam’s capture. “We were so happy. We had grown up in a blackout. We didn’t know what was going on outside of Iraq, beyond what was reported in state media,” she said. Before the invasion, Iraqis had lived through the Iran-Iraq war and a UN embargo which isolated the country.
But the moment of hope was short-lived. “And then everything broke down,” she said. A surge in sectarian violence, threats from armed groups, and a collapse of the country’s institutions compelled Iraqis like Gattan to flee.
Many Iraqis in the UK echo a similar sense of disappointment.
“People were happy that Saddam was gone,” said Ahmed Agha, a resident of north London, who was a teenager during the 2003 invasion. “But the chaos and corruption that followed hasn’t changed. So many children live in poverty.”
Agha left Iraq in 2017. He had served as a relief worker during ISIS’s occupation of Mosul in 2014, making two dangerous journeys to Mount Sinjar. After the war, repeated threats from government-backed militias caused him to flee.
He came to the UK illegally, spending months in government accommodation for asylum seekers. “I did not feel safe going to Germany or other parts of Europe, as I knew that former militiamen had sought asylum there,” he said.
Today, he works as a cook in a local restaurant, but hopes to set up his own business.
Before the 2003 invasion, the UK served a refuge for those fleeing Saddam’s government. Shorsh Saleh, an Iraqi-Kurdish artist and teacher based in London, came to the UK in 2002. For decades, his family had been involved in the Kurdish resistance against Saddam.
To get to the UK, he first journeyed on foot across the Kurdish mountains into Iran, and then to Turkey. “We were hiding in caves in the night. There were guerrillas hiding in the mountains, and we worried that the border guards would mistake us for fighters,” he said. “I don’t think I could make such a journey again.”
Today, Saleh teaches carpet weaving at the Prince's Foundation School of Traditional Arts and has produced work about the Iraq war and its legacy.
Yet despite his Kurdish heritage, the past 20 years have left him with more questions than answers. “We thought we would have a brighter future after Saddam, but the country seems to be getting worse,” he said. “The Kurdistan Region did well after Saddam was gone, but the rest of Iraq did not.”
Emad Al Ibady, co-founder of the Iraqi Welfare Association, a UK charity that supports Iraqi refugees, said that many Iraqi exiles in the UK returned after the 2003 invasion — only to have their dreams thwarted by the ensuing chaos.
“They had hope that Iraq would be a better place,” he said. “But the Americans and the West mismanaged the war and created fatal errors and mistakes. A lot of people then changed their minds, they said Iraq is not the place that we dreamt of.”
Today, families that were scattered across the globe are struggling to be reunited again. Gattan’s parents fled Iraq in 2006, first as refugees to Damascus, and are now settled in Helsinki. “But they dream of living in the UK,” she said.
More could be done, she added, to allow Iraqis into the country. “The UK has a responsibility towards Iraq’s refugees. Ukrainians were welcomed to the UK last year,” she said, referring to the Homes for Ukraine refugee sponsorship scheme. “Why is it different for Iraqis?”
The Iraq War: A Timeline of Events — In Pictures
Many also point to the brain drain caused by continuous migration out of the country. Maher Nawaf, an activist for Iraq’s Yazidi community, is a senior scientist and immunologist at the Charles River Laboratories in Bristol. He came to the UK on a government-funded scholarship in 2011.
But continuing violence and ISIS's occupation of northern Iraq prevented him from returning. “I came to finish my PhD and go back to Iraq,” he said. “We lost our property, we lost family members and friends, it was too hard to go back.”
“Any Iraqi who is given the option would leave Iraq,” said Nawaf, who supports Yazidi families with their asylum applications to the UK. Since 2014, he said, about 30 Yazidi families have resettled in the UK.
The continuing exodus is not a solution, however. “We don’t want to bring all Iraqis to the UK,” he said.
Instead, he hopes that support from the international community can make Iraq a better place to live. “The international community has a duty to offer a safe place for Iraqis to live in Iraq. They could change the political system, and stop neighbours from intervening, so that Iraqis can go back and build a great country.”
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
England XI for second Test
Rory Burns, Keaton Jennings, Ben Stokes, Joe Root (c), Jos Buttler, Moeen Ali, Ben Foakes (wk), Sam Curran, Adil Rashid, Jack Leach, James Anderson
Benefits of first-time home buyers' scheme
- Priority access to new homes from participating developers
- Discounts on sales price of off-plan units
- Flexible payment plans from developers
- Mortgages with better interest rates, faster approval times and reduced fees
- DLD registration fee can be paid through banks or credit cards at zero interest rates
Race results:
1. Thani Al Qemzi (UAE) Team Abu Dhabi: 46.44 min
2. Peter Morin (FRA) CTIC F1 Shenzhen China Team: 0.91sec
3. Sami Selio (FIN) Mad-Croc Baba Racing Team: 31.43sec
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Dust and sand storms compared
Sand storm
- Particle size: Larger, heavier sand grains
- Visibility: Often dramatic with thick "walls" of sand
- Duration: Short-lived, typically localised
- Travel distance: Limited
- Source: Open desert areas with strong winds
Dust storm
- Particle size: Much finer, lightweight particles
- Visibility: Hazy skies but less intense
- Duration: Can linger for days
- Travel distance: Long-range, up to thousands of kilometres
- Source: Can be carried from distant regions
Mohammed bin Zayed Majlis
Killing of Qassem Suleimani
The five pillars of Islam
More on Quran memorisation:
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Lamsa
Founder: Badr Ward
Launched: 2014
Employees: 60
Based: Abu Dhabi
Sector: EdTech
Funding to date: $15 million
OIL PLEDGE
At the start of Russia's invasion, IEA member countries held 1.5 billion barrels in public reserves and about 575 million barrels under obligations with industry, according to the agency's website. The two collective actions of the IEA this year of 62.7 million barrels, which was agreed on March 1, and this week's 120 million barrels amount to 9 per cent of total emergency reserves, it added.
THE BIO:
Favourite holiday destination: Thailand. I go every year and I’m obsessed with the fitness camps there.
Favourite book: Born to Run by Christopher McDougall. It’s an amazing story about barefoot running.
Favourite film: A League of their Own. I used to love watching it in my granny’s house when I was seven.
Personal motto: Believe it and you can achieve it.
Which honey takes your fancy?
Al Ghaf Honey
The Al Ghaf tree is a local desert tree which bears the harsh summers with drought and high temperatures. From the rich flowers, bees that pollinate this tree can produce delicious red colour honey in June and July each year
Sidr Honey
The Sidr tree is an evergreen tree with long and strong forked branches. The blossom from this tree is called Yabyab, which provides rich food for bees to produce honey in October and November. This honey is the most expensive, but tastiest
Samar Honey
The Samar tree trunk, leaves and blossom contains Barm which is the secret of healing. You can enjoy the best types of honey from this tree every year in May and June. It is an historical witness to the life of the Emirati nation which represents the harsh desert and mountain environments
Volvo ES90 Specs
Engine: Electric single motor (96kW), twin motor (106kW) and twin motor performance (106kW)
Power: 333hp, 449hp, 680hp
Torque: 480Nm, 670Nm, 870Nm
On sale: Later in 2025 or early 2026, depending on region
Price: Exact regional pricing TBA
How to protect yourself when air quality drops
Install an air filter in your home.
Close your windows and turn on the AC.
Shower or bath after being outside.
Wear a face mask.
Stay indoors when conditions are particularly poor.
If driving, turn your engine off when stationary.
Tearful appearance
Chancellor Rachel Reeves set markets on edge as she appeared visibly distraught in parliament on Wednesday.
Legislative setbacks for the government have blown a new hole in the budgetary calculations at a time when the deficit is stubbornly large and the economy is struggling to grow.
She appeared with Keir Starmer on Thursday and the pair embraced, but he had failed to give her his backing as she cried a day earlier.
A spokesman said her upset demeanour was due to a personal matter.
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Specs
Engine: Duel electric motors
Power: 659hp
Torque: 1075Nm
On sale: Available for pre-order now
Price: On request
Overview
Cricket World Cup League Two: Nepal, Oman, United States tri-series, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu
Fixtures
Wednesday February 5, Oman v Nepal
Thursday, February 6, Oman v United States
Saturday, February 8, United States v Nepal
Sunday, February 9, Oman v Nepal
Tuesday, February 11, Oman v United States
Wednesday, February 12, United States v Nepal
Tonight's Chat on The National
Tonight's Chat is a series of online conversations on The National. The series features a diverse range of celebrities, politicians and business leaders from around the Arab world.
Tonight’s Chat host Ricardo Karam is a renowned author and broadcaster who has previously interviewed Bill Gates, Carlos Ghosn, Andre Agassi and the late Zaha Hadid, among others.
Intellectually curious and thought-provoking, Tonight’s Chat moves the conversation forward.
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RESULT
RS Leipzig 3
Marcel Sabitzer 10', 21'
Emil Forsberg 87'
Tottenham 0
Results
5pm: Al Falah – Maiden (PA) Dh80,000 (Turf) 1,200m; Winner: Bshara, Richard Mullen (jockey), Salem Al Ketbi (trainer)
5.30pm: Wathba Stallions Cup – Handicap (PA) Dh70,000 (T) 1,400m; Winner: AF Musannef, Tadhg O’Shea, Ernst Oertel
6pm: Al Dhafra – Maiden (PA) Dh80,000 (T) 1,600m; Winner: AF Mualami, Antonio Fresu, Abubakar Daud
6.30pm: Al Khaleej Al Arabi – Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 (T) 1,600m; Winner: Hawafez, Adrie de Vries, Abubakar Daud
7pm: Al Mafraq – Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 (T) 1,600m; Winner: JAP Almahfuz, Royston Ffrench, Irfan Ellahi
7.30pm: Al Samha – Handicap (TB) Dh80,000 (T) 1,600m; Winner: Celestial Spheres, Patrick Cosgrave, Ismail Mohammed
ELIO
Starring: Yonas Kibreab, Zoe Saldana, Brad Garrett
Directors: Madeline Sharafian, Domee Shi, Adrian Molina
Rating: 4/5
THE SPECS
Engine: Four-cylinder 2.5-litre
Transmission: Seven-speed auto
Power: 165hp
Torque: 241Nm
Price: Dh99,900 to Dh134,000
On sale: now
UAE finals day
Friday, April 13
Rugby Park, Dubai Sports City
3pm, UAE Conference: Dubai Tigers v Sharjah Wanderers
6.30pm, UAE Premiership: Dubai Exiles v Abu Dhabi Harlequins
Key facilities
- Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
- Premier League-standard football pitch
- 400m Olympic running track
- NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
- 600-seat auditorium
- Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
- An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
- Specialist robotics and science laboratories
- AR and VR-enabled learning centres
- Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills