The Bank of England in central London. PA
The Bank of England in central London. PA
The Bank of England in central London. PA
The Bank of England in central London. PA

Bank of England expected to increase interest rates amid probable recession


Soraya Ebrahimi
  • English
  • Arabic

Interest rates look set to be pushed higher on Thursday in what analysts believe will be one of the last in a cycle of increases by the Bank of England.

Despite growing pressure on already strained borrowers, inflation is beginning to edge back down off its highs with economists saying there is a glimmer of hope in the economy's more distant future.

The Bank of England's monetary policy committee will raise interest rates to 4 per cent on Thursday, analysts say, a half-point rise from the current rate of 3.5 per cent.

It is expected by some experts to be the penultimate base rate rise before rates peak at 4.5 per cent or 4.25 per cent, and then decline.

The Bank has been raising rates successively for more than a year.

In December 2021, the base rate stood at just 0.1 per cent as policymakers tried to encourage consumer spending after Covid slowed down the economy.

But efforts to control inflation and bring it back down to the bank's 2 per cent target has led the authority to tighten monetary policy since.

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The UK's consumer prices index inflation rate, however, slipped slightly to 10.5 per cent in December, down from 10.7 per cent in November and 11.1 per cent in October, suggesting the measure has now passed its peak.

Deutsche Bank said Thursday would probably mark the committee's final "forceful" rise in the tightening cycle with a 0.5 percentage point increase.

The need to "go big" is due to factors including wage growth beating expectations, indicating that consumers still have some spending power and that prices are still historically elevated, Deutsche said.

Societe Generale Global Economics suggested the same, but said it expected another 0.5 percentage point rise in March before any decrease.

UK economy unexpectedly grows 0.1% in November - video

"Even though the outlook is less gloomy than expected only three months ago, we still think a recession is likely and the MPC's forecasts should continue to predict one for this year," said SocGen economists.

"This, and the mounting evidence of some cooling in the labour market, vacancies and job growth in particular, should lead the committee to contemplate an imminent end to tightening."

Investec Economics, on the other hand, anticipated a smaller rate rise that would take it to 3.75 per cent on Thursday, before peaking at 4 per cent in March.

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"Recent weeks have ushered in a greater sense of economic optimism," said Philip Shaw, chief economist at Investec.

"This has been driven partly by the mild European winter, which has helped to avoid a need for energy rationing, contributing to a substantial fall in current spot gas prices as well as gas price futures.

"In the UK, we are set for another year where real household disposable incomes are set to fall by about 3 per cent, which will continue to squeeze spending and make a recession virtually unavoidable."

AJ Bell analyst Laith Khalaf said that a lot has changed since the last MPC meeting, including the fall in gas prices, which will make the committee "think twice about pushing rates up too much".

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Who is Enric Sala?

Enric Sala is an expert on marine conservation and is currently the National Geographic Society's Explorer-in-Residence. His love of the sea started with his childhood in Spain, inspired by the example of the legendary diver Jacques Cousteau. He has been a university professor of Oceanography in the US, as well as working at the Spanish National Council for Scientific Research and is a member of the World Economic Forum’s Global Future Council on Biodiversity and the Bio-Economy. He has dedicated his life to protecting life in the oceans. Enric describes himself as a flexitarian who only eats meat occasionally.

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According to the United Nations Environment Programme, all life on earth – including in its forests and oceans – forms a “rich tapestry of interconnecting and interdependent forces”. Biodiversity on earth today is the product of four billion years of evolution and consists of many millions of distinct biological species. The term ‘biodiversity’ is relatively new, popularised since the 1980s and coinciding with an understanding of the growing threats to the natural world including habitat loss, pollution and climate change. The loss of biodiversity itself is dangerous because it contributes to clean, consistent water flows, food security, protection from floods and storms and a stable climate. The natural world can be an ally in combating global climate change but to do so it must be protected. Nations are working to achieve this, including setting targets to be reached by 2020 for the protection of the natural state of 17 per cent of the land and 10 per cent of the oceans. However, these are well short of what is needed, according to experts, with half the land needed to be in a natural state to help avert disaster.

Updated: January 29, 2023, 10:30 PM`