Argentina’s president Mauricio Macri on Monday announced he was slashing his government’s bureaucracy in half and restoring taxes on grain exporters as part of sweeping new austerity measures to stabilise the economy.
The centre-right president admitted in a speech to the nation that Argentina was facing “an emergency” after its currency, the peso, lost more than half its dollar value this year.
“We must confront a fundamental problem: to not spend more than we have, to make efforts to balance the state’s accounts,” he said in the televised address.
He pledged a pared-down government following cuts that would see the number of ministries slashed from 22 to 10 in an effort to save money, demoting more than half his ministers.
The move had little immediate effect on the markets, which slipped back near the record lows of last week, closing 2.7 per cent lower at 39.04 to the dollar.
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Thousands of laid-off government workers took to the streets of Buenos Aires to protest the government’s austerity programme.
Argentina is one of the world’s biggest exporters of corn and soy oil. Mr Macri’s market-friendly approach had previously seen him cut taxes on major grain exporters.
Addressing rich agricultural exporters who will now face increased export taxes, he said: “We know it’s a bad tax, but I ask you to understand that it’s an emergency.
“We ask those who have more capacity to contribute, those who export, that they make a greater contribution,” he said.
In a bid to reassure worried Argentines, he said he would allocate more aid to the country’s poor, as 25 per cent inflation has left many struggling.
“We will overcome the crisis by taking care of the most needy,” he said, promising “increased allocations, food programmes and price caps on some commodities”.
Economy Minister Nicolas Dujovne said many of Argentina’s problems stemmed from a difficult international climate, but he recognised in a press conference later that “mistakes had been made”.
Argentina has already pledged to cut the budget deficit to 1.3 per cent of GDP in 2019, but Mr Dujovne said it would now go further next year to eliminate its primary deficit – its borrowing needs before debt servicing.
“In 2019 we want to reach primary fiscal equilibrium, and by lowering the deficit we will lower our need to issue debt,” the minister said.
The deficit target for 2018 is 2.7 per cent of GDP.
On the restored grain taxes, Mr Dujovne said the tax would be temporary and would mean an extra $1.7 billion (Dh6.24bn) in state coffers in 2018, and more than $7bn next year.
Mr Dujovne was speaking before flying to Washington for a meeting with the International Monetary Fund on Tuesday to finalise a deal to speed up disbursement of a $50bn loan agreed in June.
ING Economics said that if the moves fail to stabilise the currency, Mr Macri “will need to contemplate more drastic options, such as currency controls”.
The fiscal package “will speed up the pace of austerity, but the measures ultimately fell short of expectations”, said Capital Economics’s Edward Glossop.
“But the measure is a hark back to more interventionist policymaking. It unwinds president Macri’s decision to cut agricultural taxes on his first day in office back in December 2015, and liberalises export and import markets. Raising export taxes is against what president Macri stands for,” said Mr Glossop.
Mr Macri last week unexpectedly announced Argentina would seek faster disbursement of its line of credit from the IMF.
That set off alarm bells among investors, concerned Argentina might default on government borrowing, and triggered a run on the peso, which plunged 20 per cent in two days.
The currency has lost half its value against the dollar since January.
A first $15bn tranche of the loan has largely gone to prop up the peso in recent months.
Argentina’s Central Bank hiked its baseline interest rate to 60 per cent last week in a further bid to stabilise the currency.
