CAIRO // Wael Khalil is the archetype of Egypt's "secular-liberal" activist camp - a catch-all term that is haphazardly used for anybody who is not a hard-core proponent of political Islam.
An easy-going IT professional with a salt-and-pepper beard, Mr Khalil is one of the quiet architects of the Egyptian revolution. A member of the revolutionary socialist movement since his 20s, he was one of a handful of activists who plotted and organised the landmark January 25 protests last year that launched the Egyptian revolution.
But before he helped bring down Hosni Mubarak's regime, Mr Khalil, 45, came of age as an activist in his 20s by joining protests that burnt Israeli flags at Cairo University and launched numerous failed attempts to march on the Israeli embassy a few blocks away from campus.
"My understanding is that the majority of people are not happy with the relationship with Israel. They are not happy with how the Egyptian government has subjugated their will for 30 years," Mr Khalil said. "Israel is a hostile state. It is an aggressive state that attacks its neighbours. I don't think anyone is calling for war with Israel. But people are definitely not happy about normalisation."
The sense of anxiety among Israel and its allies only increased after parliamentary elections in Egypt last fall produced an Islamist-controlled legislature. Israel's biggest fear seems to be a vision of the largest Arab country morphing into a fanatical Islamist citadel on its border - one that tears up the Camp David Peace Accords and begins aggressively exporting militant Islam throughout the region.
However this focus on Islamists ignores a fundamental reality about modern Egypt - almost everybody across the political spectrum has a dim view of Israel and Camp David.
"My view on Israel hasn't changed. It is a racist country," said Hamdeen Sabbahi, a secularist presidential candidate and an opposition politician since his days as a Cairo University student government leader.
In 1978, the undergraduate Mr Sabbahi, along with other students, engaged in a public debate with Anwar Sadat, Egypt's president, on a host of issues including Camp David. "Part of Egypt's value is its role [as a leader] in the Arab World, Camp David put so many restrictions on that role. We lost so much because of it."
The accords were signed by Sadat and the former Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin in September 1978. The accords returned the Sinai peninsula to Egypt in exchange for recognition of Israel. They led directly to the Egypt-Israel peace treaty in 1979, which was the first time a peace deal was made between Israel and an Arab country.
Two of the four leading presidential candidates in the election that starts tomorrow are Islamists: the Muslim Brotherhood representative, Mohammed Mursi, and Abdel Moneim Aboul Fotouh, a long-time Brotherhood member who left the organisation and campaigned as a centrist.
The issue of Israel and Camp David has popped up frequently on the campaign trail - with the candidates differing primarily on the shades of just how negatively they view the situation.
"Sadat sold the nation on Camp David," Mr Aboul Fotouh said during a recent televised presidential debate with Amr Moussa, Mubarak's former foreign minister. But he added that, "the majority of Egyptians are enemies of the state of Israel".
Camp David, Mr Aboul Fotouh said, "should be revised; that which is against Egypt's interests should be removed immediately and what's in our interest should stay".
Mr Moussa, the career diplomat, was more measured, saying, "Most of our people consider [Israel] an enemy but the responsibility of the president is to deal with such things responsibly and not run after hotheaded slogans".
However, Mr Moussa has also been recently quoted as referring to Camp David as, "dead and buried" and "a historical document whose place is on the shelves of history".
These political stances largely reflect public opinion. Egyptians generally feel a strong antipathy towards Israel and deep sympathy for the Palestinians. Almost nobody wants to go war; but many would favour scaled back relations that stick to the absolute letter of Camp David, but with no wider sense of cooperation.
Right now, Egyptians are understandably obsessed with domestic concerns such as the economy and security. The issue of Israel and Camp David has been irrelevant to the presidential race, but public hostility towards Israel still pops up regularly.
This spring, Egypt's Grand Mufti, Sheikh Ali Gomaa stoked controversy and criticism by visiting Jerusalem. Last summer, a cross border-shooting incident in the Sinai Peninsula ended with the Israeli ambassador in Cairo being evacuated.
Activists seized on the shooting to organise protests outside the Israeli embassy that culminated in the Israeli flag being taken down and the embassy being overrun by crowds.
Mr Khalil, the socialist activist, recalled the image of a young Egyptian protester scaling a multi-story apartment building to remove the flag as one that produced a gush of national pride.
"It was not because we all hated Israel or anything, but because at last we were standing up to them."
Islamist leaders have since sought to calm those fears in Jerusalem, Tel Aviv and elsewhere. Yousseri Hamad, a prominent Salafist sheikh, recently granted an interview to an Israeli radio station and said that Camp David may be revisited for amendment, but not cancelled.
"We are not opposed to the agreement, and we are saying that Egypt is committed to the agreements that previous Egyptian governments have signed," Mr Hamad said, noting that if Egyptians want changes on the treaty, "the place for that is the negotiation table".
foreign.desk@thenational.ae
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Company profile
Date started: 2015
Founder: John Tsioris and Ioanna Angelidaki
Based: Dubai
Sector: Online grocery delivery
Staff: 200
Funding: Undisclosed, but investors include the Jabbar Internet Group and Venture Friends
Ms Yang's top tips for parents new to the UAE
- Join parent networks
- Look beyond school fees
- Keep an open mind
The smuggler
Eldarir had arrived at JFK in January 2020 with three suitcases, containing goods he valued at $300, when he was directed to a search area.
Officers found 41 gold artefacts among the bags, including amulets from a funerary set which prepared the deceased for the afterlife.
Also found was a cartouche of a Ptolemaic king on a relief that was originally part of a royal building or temple.
The largest single group of items found in Eldarir’s cases were 400 shabtis, or figurines.
Khouli conviction
Khouli smuggled items into the US by making false declarations to customs about the country of origin and value of the items.
According to Immigration and Customs Enforcement, he provided “false provenances which stated that [two] Egyptian antiquities were part of a collection assembled by Khouli's father in Israel in the 1960s” when in fact “Khouli acquired the Egyptian antiquities from other dealers”.
He was sentenced to one year of probation, six months of home confinement and 200 hours of community service in 2012 after admitting buying and smuggling Egyptian antiquities, including coffins, funerary boats and limestone figures.
For sale
A number of other items said to come from the collection of Ezeldeen Taha Eldarir are currently or recently for sale.
Their provenance is described in near identical terms as the British Museum shabti: bought from Salahaddin Sirmali, "authenticated and appraised" by Hossen Rashed, then imported to the US in 1948.
- An Egyptian Mummy mask dating from 700BC-30BC, is on offer for £11,807 ($15,275) online by a seller in Mexico
- A coffin lid dating back to 664BC-332BC was offered for sale by a Colorado-based art dealer, with a starting price of $65,000
- A shabti that was on sale through a Chicago-based coin dealer, dating from 1567BC-1085BC, is up for $1,950
The specs
Engine: 3.0-litre six-cylinder turbo
Power: 398hp from 5,250rpm
Torque: 580Nm at 1,900-4,800rpm
Transmission: Eight-speed auto
Fuel economy, combined: 6.5L/100km
On sale: December
Price: From Dh330,000 (estimate)
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MATCH INFO
Uefa Champions League final:
Who: Real Madrid v Liverpool
Where: NSC Olimpiyskiy Stadium, Kiev, Ukraine
When: Saturday, May 26, 10.45pm (UAE)
TV: Match on BeIN Sports
The National's picks
4.35pm: Tilal Al Khalediah
5.10pm: Continous
5.45pm: Raging Torrent
6.20pm: West Acre
7pm: Flood Zone
7.40pm: Straight No Chaser
8.15pm: Romantic Warrior
8.50pm: Calandogan
9.30pm: Forever Young
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Mica
Director: Ismael Ferroukhi
Stars: Zakaria Inan, Sabrina Ouazani
3 stars
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Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.
Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.
“Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.
“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.
Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.
From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.
Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.
BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.
Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.
Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.
“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.
“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.
“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”
Gender pay parity on track in the UAE
The UAE has a good record on gender pay parity, according to Mercer's Total Remuneration Study.
"In some of the lower levels of jobs women tend to be paid more than men, primarily because men are employed in blue collar jobs and women tend to be employed in white collar jobs which pay better," said Ted Raffoul, career products leader, Mena at Mercer. "I am yet to see a company in the UAE – particularly when you are looking at a blue chip multinationals or some of the bigger local companies – that actively discriminates when it comes to gender on pay."
Mr Raffoul said most gender issues are actually due to the cultural class, as the population is dominated by Asian and Arab cultures where men are generally expected to work and earn whereas women are meant to start a family.
"For that reason, we see a different gender gap. There are less women in senior roles because women tend to focus less on this but that’s not due to any companies having a policy penalising women for any reasons – it’s a cultural thing," he said.
As a result, Mr Raffoul said many companies in the UAE are coming up with benefit package programmes to help working mothers and the career development of women in general.
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