Abdelkrim Touhami smiles into the camera. He sits outside, relaxing in a chair, his white keffiyeh contrasting sharply with his neon blue robe.
Over video call he explains how, in the early sixties, his family and their neighbours had been instructed to leave their homes in the southern Algerian town of Tamanrasset for the half-hour or so that the French government could conduct nuclear tests, about 170 kilometres away in Ekker.
Almost 60 years later, people in the area are still getting sick and babies are still being born with deformities, Mr Touhami says, and the French government will still not tell them where the waste from those tests was buried, or how much still lies underneath the sand.
"It was like an earthquake," the retired French teacher says, struggling to recall the events of more than half a decade ago. "I was 17 years old. We'd been told to leave our homes as they wanted to see the effect on the brickwork."
The Algerian soldiers who ordered the evacuation had told them that the test would be carried out underground. Now, Mr Touhami explains over the Skype connection to a translator in Tunis, "there is a giant crater in the mountainside".
From 1960 through to Algeria winning its independence two years later and continuing to 1996 and the worldwide ban on nuclear testing, France carried out 17 nuclear tests in the north African country.
Eleven occurred after Algeria's brutal war of independence. This includes the ill-fated 1962 test in nearby Beryl, where insufficient sealing on an underground shaft led to radioactive rocks and dust being ejected into the atmosphere, contaminating more than 100 French soldiers, nine severely, and a number of government ministers.
Subsequent investigations by reporters have shown that in the village of Mertoutek, 60km from the Beryl blast, 17 people died suddenly afterwards. Many more continue to suffer its effects.
According to the French Ministry of Defence, about 27,000 people were affected by the 17 tests, including citizens, French technicians and military staff.
According to Abdul Kadhim Al Aboudi, professor of nuclear physics at the University of Oran, the number is likely to be closer to 60,000. "In the eighties we started to notice babies being born with deformities," he said.
"I just noticed, as a teacher, that more and more people were getting sick," said Mr Touhami, who later formed an advocacy group, Taourirt, to collect what data remained on the tests and channel it to government.
"We live in the desert. We talk. People meet and share news," he said, referring to the conversations between the townspeople over the growing tide of sickness across the region, increasing in frequency closer to the test sites.
Footage broadcast by Algerian state television in 2019 bears Mr Touhami out.
In the clip, fathers from the village of Reggane assemble their children, all exhibiting a variety of difficulties, from mental impairments to extreme physical deformities.
In a brief segment, a local doctor, Kheira Harzaoui, bemoans the shortage of medical provisions, telling the channel: "There are so many cases of handicapped foetuses. So many. An incalculable number of abortions and miscarriages."
No one appears to exhibit any doubt as to the cause of their difficulties.
According to a July report by the French section of the advocacy group, International Campaign to Abolish Nuclear Weapons, or ICAN, several dumps resembling hastily constructed landfill sites have been unearthed within the area. Nobody knows how many more there may be.
Within these sites, filled with the military detritus of their French and latterly Algerian occupiers, contaminated waste from the tests, including material emitted directly from the blasts, including that at Beryl, lie unguarded.
According to the group, French policy at the time was to simply bury waste known to be contaminated, such as mechanical equipment up to and including helicopters and aeroplanes, producing radioactive deposits "on a massive scale".
"There could be up to 3,000 tonnes of waste buried in that region of the Sahara," one of the report's authors, Jean-Marie Collin, told The National. "Some of that is just military waste, but the majority is from the nuclear tests."
Unsurprisingly, with that much waste lying under the sand, subsequent decades have seen the influx of those looking to make a quick buck from the discarded metal, potentially drawing the contaminated waste out into local societies and ultimately across the country.
In 2010, the French government passed the Morin Law, offering compensation to anyone adversely affected by past tests. In former French Polynesia, where civil society groups were able to galvanise a local population still carrying the burden of testing, 1,427 claims for compensation were received as of last year.
From Algeria over the same period, just 49 had been filed. Thus far, only one Algerian has received any financial redress.
"The number of different illnesses covered by the Morin law is very narrow," Mr Collin said, "and all the information about this law is in French, which few people in the area speak. Compared to the north, [of Algeria], the south is relatively poor and the education system is less strong," he said, referring to a region that until recent years was dominated by semi-nomadic Tuareg tribespeople.
"You can't really expect this population, including those who worked for the French Army, to produce documents proving where they were and what they were doing decades ago," he said.
It is only in recent years that many of the people affected by the tests learnt of their exposure. Unlike the disaster at Chernobyl in 1986, there was no single flashpoint that people could trace their maladies and those of their children back to.
From the French departure and on, the region continued like any other within the vast tracts of Algeria's south, deriving its income from agriculture and tourists travelling to Tamanrasset to learn more about the Tuareg, who form a majority there.
In July, Algeria's President Abdelmadjid Tebboune called on France to apologise for its colonial past. No mention was made of those still suffering from the effects of French nuclear testing on Algerian soil during and after independence.
Thus far, emails from The National to the Algerian Embassy in Paris and Patrick Durel, the French foreign minister with responsibility for North Africa, have elicited no reply.
For Mr Collin, the issue of French inaction is straightforward. "Once Algeria gained independence, for the French, the issue became an Algerian problem," he said.
For Algeria's political leadership which, for decades, has claimed a virtual monopoly on the country's sense of patriotism, addressing the legacy of French nuclear tests is problematic. While the damage is acknowledged, the continued French presence within Algeria beyond independence runs counter to the state's narrative of a patriotic victory over a hated coloniser.
"I think that goes part way in explaining it," said Jonathan Hill, an Algerian specialist at King's College, London.
He noted that European power kept enclaves within former colonial territories, such as Bizerte, Tunisia, which remained a French naval base for seven years after the country gained independence in 1956.
"During the Evian peace negotiations in 1961, the French argued that southern Algeria was largely a French gain, added to the historic area of Algeria under their occupation. This was largely due to the rich mineral deposits there, but retaining control within a former colony wasn't unknown," he said.
However, sitting in the late afternoon sun in Tamanrasset, past historical wrangling appears to be far from the thoughts of Mr Touhami. "Everything was affected by the tests," he says, "plants, animals, everything. The only thing that wasn't affected was the scorpion."
The specs
Engine: 3-litre twin-turbo V6
Power: 400hp
Torque: 475Nm
Transmission: 9-speed automatic
Price: From Dh215,900
On sale: Now
Benefits of first-time home buyers' scheme
- Priority access to new homes from participating developers
- Discounts on sales price of off-plan units
- Flexible payment plans from developers
- Mortgages with better interest rates, faster approval times and reduced fees
- DLD registration fee can be paid through banks or credit cards at zero interest rates
HWJN
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%3Cp%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fislamic-economy-consumer-spending-to-increase-45-to-3-2tn-by-2024-1.936583%22%20target%3D%22_self%22%3EGlobal%20Islamic%20economy%20to%20grow%203.1%25%20to%20touch%20%242.4%20trillion%20by%202024%3C%2Fa%3E%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fuk-economy-plunges-into-worst-ever-recession-after-record-20-4-contraction-1.1062560%22%20target%3D%22_self%22%3EUK%20economy%20plunges%20into%20worst-ever%20recession%20after%20record%2020.4%25%20contraction%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Ca%20href%3D%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenationalnews.com%2Fbusiness%2Feconomy%2Fislamic-economy-consumer-spending-to-increase-45-to-3-2tn-by-2024-1.936583%22%20target%3D%22_self%22%3EIslamic%20economy%20consumer%20spending%20to%20increase%2045%25%20to%20%243.2tn%20by%202024%3C%2Fa%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
India Test squad
Virat Kohli (c), Mayank Agarwal, Rohit Sharma, Cheteshwar Pujara, Ajinkya Rahane, Hanuma Vihari, Rishabh Pant (wk), Wriddhiman Saha (wk), Ravichandran Ashwin, Ravindra Jadeja, Kuldeep Yadav, Mohammed Shami, Umesh Yadav, Ishant Sharma, Shubman Gill
Scoreline
Bournemouth 2
Wilson 70', Ibe 74'
Arsenal 1
Bellerin 52'
Company%20Profile
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Seemar’s top six for the Dubai World Cup Carnival:
1. Reynaldothewizard
2. North America
3. Raven’s Corner
4. Hawkesbury
5. New Maharajah
6. Secret Ambition
Killing of Qassem Suleimani
Kandahar%20
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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Factfile on Garbine Muguruza:
Name: Garbine Muguruza (ESP)
World ranking: 15 (will rise to 5 on Monday)
Date of birth: October 8, 1993
Place of birth: Caracas, Venezuela
Place of residence: Geneva, Switzerland
Height: 6ft (1.82m)
Career singles titles: 4
Grand Slam titles: 2 (French Open 2016, Wimbledon 2017)
Career prize money: $13,928,719
Starring: Jamie Foxx, Angela Bassett, Tina Fey
Directed by: Pete Doctor
Rating: 4 stars
Five famous companies founded by teens
There are numerous success stories of teen businesses that were created in college dorm rooms and other modest circumstances. Below are some of the most recognisable names in the industry:
- Facebook: Mark Zuckerberg and his friends started Facebook when he was a 19-year-old Harvard undergraduate.
- Dell: When Michael Dell was an undergraduate student at Texas University in 1984, he started upgrading computers for profit. He starting working full-time on his business when he was 19. Eventually, his company became the Dell Computer Corporation and then Dell Inc.
- Subway: Fred DeLuca opened the first Subway restaurant when he was 17. In 1965, Mr DeLuca needed extra money for college, so he decided to open his own business. Peter Buck, a family friend, lent him $1,000 and together, they opened Pete’s Super Submarines. A few years later, the company was rebranded and called Subway.
- Mashable: In 2005, Pete Cashmore created Mashable in Scotland when he was a teenager. The site was then a technology blog. Over the next few decades, Mr Cashmore has turned Mashable into a global media company.
- Oculus VR: Palmer Luckey founded Oculus VR in June 2012, when he was 19. In August that year, Oculus launched its Kickstarter campaign and raised more than $1 million in three days. Facebook bought Oculus for $2 billion two years later.
Killing of Qassem Suleimani
ELIO
Starring: Yonas Kibreab, Zoe Saldana, Brad Garrett
Directors: Madeline Sharafian, Domee Shi, Adrian Molina
Rating: 4/5
Killing of Qassem Suleimani
The%20Kitchen
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Results
4pm: Al Bastakiya Listed US$300,000 (Dirt) 1,900m; Winner: Emblem Storm, Oisin Murphy (jockey), Satish Seemar (trainer).
4.35pm: Mahab Al Shimaal Group 3 $350,000 (D) 1,200m; Winner: Wafy, Tadhg O’Shea, Satish Seemar.
5.10pm: Nad Al Sheba Turf Group 3 $350,000 (Turf) 1,200m; Winner: Wildman Jack, Fernando Jara, Doug O’Neill.
5.45pm: Burj Nahaar Group 3 $350,000 (D) 1,600m; Winner: Salute The Soldier, Adrie de Vries, Fawzi Nass.
6.20pm: Jebel Hatta Group 1 $400,000 (T) 1,800m; Winner: Barney Roy, William Buick, Charlie Appleby.
6.55pm: Al Maktoum Challenge Round-3 Group 1 $600,000 (D) 2,000m; Winner: Matterhorn, Mickael Barzalona, Salem bin Ghadayer.
7.30pm: Dubai City Of Gold Group 2 $350,000 (T) 2,410m; Winner: Loxley, Mickael Barzalona, Charlie Appleby.
Cracks in the Wall
Ben White, Pluto Press
COMPANY PROFILE
Initial investment: Undisclosed
Investment stage: Series A
Investors: Core42
Current number of staff: 47
UK-EU trade at a glance
EU fishing vessels guaranteed access to UK waters for 12 years
Co-operation on security initiatives and procurement of defence products
Youth experience scheme to work, study or volunteer in UK and EU countries
Smoother border management with use of e-gates
Cutting red tape on import and export of food
The Perfect Couple
Starring: Nicole Kidman, Liev Schreiber, Jack Reynor
Creator: Jenna Lamia
Rating: 3/5
The%20specs
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more from Janine di Giovanni
Dust and sand storms compared
Sand storm
- Particle size: Larger, heavier sand grains
- Visibility: Often dramatic with thick "walls" of sand
- Duration: Short-lived, typically localised
- Travel distance: Limited
- Source: Open desert areas with strong winds
Dust storm
- Particle size: Much finer, lightweight particles
- Visibility: Hazy skies but less intense
- Duration: Can linger for days
- Travel distance: Long-range, up to thousands of kilometres
- Source: Can be carried from distant regions
FROM%20THE%20ASHES
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Killing of Qassem Suleimani
The six points:
1. Ministers should be in the field, instead of always at conferences
2. Foreign diplomacy must be left to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Co-operation
3. Emiratisation is a top priority that will have a renewed push behind it
4. The UAE's economy must continue to thrive and grow
5. Complaints from the public must be addressed, not avoided
6. Have hope for the future, what is yet to come is bigger and better than before
FULL%20FIGHT%20CARD
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Financial considerations before buying a property
Buyers should try to pay as much in cash as possible for a property, limiting the mortgage value to as little as they can afford. This means they not only pay less in interest but their monthly costs are also reduced. Ideally, the monthly mortgage payment should not exceed 20 per cent of the purchaser’s total household income, says Carol Glynn, founder of Conscious Finance Coaching.
“If it’s a rental property, plan for the property to have periods when it does not have a tenant. Ensure you have enough cash set aside to pay the mortgage and other costs during these periods, ideally at least six months,” she says.
Also, shop around for the best mortgage interest rate. Understand the terms and conditions, especially what happens after any introductory periods, Ms Glynn adds.
Using a good mortgage broker is worth the investment to obtain the best rate available for a buyer’s needs and circumstances. A good mortgage broker will help the buyer understand the terms and conditions of the mortgage and make the purchasing process efficient and easier.
MATCH INFO
What: 2006 World Cup quarter-final
When: July 1
Where: Gelsenkirchen Stadium, Gelsenkirchen, Germany
Result:
England 0 Portugal 0
(Portugal win 3-1 on penalties)
German plea
Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskyy told the German parliament that. Russia had erected a new wall across Europe.
"It's not a Berlin Wall -- it is a Wall in central Europe between freedom and bondage and this Wall is growing bigger with every bomb" dropped on Ukraine, Zelenskyy told MPs.
Mr Zelenskyy was applauded by MPs in the Bundestag as he addressed Chancellor Olaf Scholz directly.
"Dear Mr Scholz, tear down this Wall," he said, evoking US President Ronald Reagan's 1987 appeal to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev at Berlin's Brandenburg Gate.
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Brolliology: A History of the Umbrella in Life and Literature
By Marion Rankine
Melville House
Expo details
Expo 2020 Dubai will be the first World Expo to be held in the Middle East, Africa and South Asia
The world fair will run for six months from October 20, 2020 to April 10, 2021.
It is expected to attract 25 million visits
Some 70 per cent visitors are projected to come from outside the UAE, the largest proportion of international visitors in the 167-year history of World Expos.
More than 30,000 volunteers are required for Expo 2020
The site covers a total of 4.38 sqkm, including a 2 sqkm gated area
It is located adjacent to Al Maktoum International Airport in Dubai South
FIGHT%20CARD
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'Top Gun: Maverick'
Rating: 4/5
Directed by: Joseph Kosinski
Starring: Tom Cruise, Val Kilmer, Jennifer Connelly, Jon Hamm, Miles Teller, Glen Powell, Ed Harris
The Lowdown
Us
Director: Jordan Peele
Starring: Lupita Nyong'o, Winston Duke, Shahadi Wright Joseqph, Evan Alex and Elisabeth Moss
Rating: 4/5
COMPANY%20PROFILE
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EName%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESmartCrowd%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E2018%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounder%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESiddiq%20Farid%20and%20Musfique%20Ahmed%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EDubai%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESector%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFinTech%20%2F%20PropTech%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInitial%20investment%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E%24650%2C000%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ECurrent%20number%20of%20staff%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%2035%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%20stage%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESeries%20A%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestors%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EVarious%20institutional%20investors%20and%20notable%20angel%20investors%20(500%20MENA%2C%20Shurooq%2C%20Mada%2C%20Seedstar%2C%20Tricap)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
A little about CVRL
Founded in 1985 by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid, Vice President and Ruler of Dubai, the Central Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL) is a government diagnostic centre that provides testing and research facilities to the UAE and neighbouring countries.
One of its main goals is to provide permanent treatment solutions for veterinary related diseases.
The taxidermy centre was established 12 years ago and is headed by Dr Ulrich Wernery.
Mohammed bin Zayed Majlis
How it works
Booklava works on a subscription model. On signing up you receive a free book as part of a 30-day-trial period, after which you pay US$9.99 (Dh36.70) per month to gain access to a library of books and discounts of up to 30 per cent on selected titles. You can cancel your subscription at any time. For more details go to www.booklava.com
%3Cp%3EThe%20Department%20of%20Culture%20and%20Tourism%20-%20Abu%20Dhabi%E2%80%99s%20Arabic%20Language%20Centre%20will%20mark%20International%20Women%E2%80%99s%20Day%20at%20the%20Bologna%20Children's%20Book%20Fair%20with%20the%20Abu%20Dhabi%20Translation%20Conference.%20Prolific%20Emirati%20author%20Noora%20Al%20Shammari%2C%20who%20has%20written%20eight%20books%20that%20%20feature%20in%20the%20Ministry%20of%20Education's%20curriculum%2C%20will%20appear%20in%20a%20session%20on%20Wednesday%20to%20discuss%20the%20challenges%20women%20face%20in%20getting%20their%20works%20translated.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
