Expert: 20 million Americans will recieve Covid-19 vaccination by 2021

The US hopes to begin coronavirus vaccinations in early December, a top government health official said on Sunday, the latest positive news despite surging cases across the nation.

The beginning of vaccinations could be a crucial shift in the battle against a virus that has claimed more than 1.4 million lives worldwide, including 255,000 just in the US, since emerging from China late last year.

Encouraging results from vaccine trials have bolstered hopes for an end to the pandemic, as nations reimpose restrictions and lockdowns that slowed the spread earlier this year but turned lives and economies upside down.

Two leading vaccine candidates, one by Pfizer and German partner BioNTech and another by US firm Moderna, have been shown to be 95 per cent effective in trials, and Pfizer has already applied for emergency use approval from the American health authorities.

"Our plan is to be able to ship vaccines to the immunisation sites within 24 hours of approval" by the US Food and Drug Administration, Moncef Slaoui, head of the US government virus vaccine effort, told CNN, pointing to possible dates of December 11-12.

FDA vaccine advisors will meet on December 10 to discuss approval.

Mr Slaoui estimated that 20 million people across the US could be vaccinated in December, with 30 million per month after that.

But top US infectious disease official Anthony Fauci, who said "maybe 20 million people will be able to get vaccinated by the middle to the end of December," warned the situation could get worse before getting better if people fail to take precautions in the coming holiday season.

"We're in a very difficult situation at all levels," he told CBS's Face the Nation.

With cases surpassing 12 million in the United States, the highest in the world, many Americans were nonetheless heading to airports to travel for this week's Thanksgiving holiday, despite health officials' warnings to stay home.

Some US states were imposing new restrictions, including California, where a 10pm to 5am curfew took effect Saturday. New York city has closed schools again.

Texas, which earlier this month became the first state to record more than one million coronavirus cases, has called in the National Guard to support the city of El Paso.

Mayor Dee Margo announced on Twitter that the National Guard would provide backup to the county's morgue operations.

US drug regulators on Saturday already gave emergency approval to a Covid-19 antibody therapy, one used by US President Donald Trump, which could help treat those infected.

However, G20 nations were pushing for "equitable" global access to vaccines, with worries poorer nations will be left behind.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel said more needed to be done, since no major vaccine agreements had been struck yet for poorer nations.

"We will now speak with (global vaccine alliance group) GAVI about when these negotiations will begin because I am somewhat worried that nothing has been done on that yet," Mrs Merkel told reporters on Sunday in Berlin after a virtual G20 summit hosted by Saudi Arabia.

There were signs that restrictions being imposed in certain countries were helping slow infections.

Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez, whose country has been badly hit by the pandemic, said on Sunday that a strategy to curb infections was working.

Spain declared a state of emergency last month, which allowed regional governments to impose virus restrictions such as nighttime curfews.

The country has recorded fewer than 400 Covid-19 cases per 100,000 inhabitants over the last two weeks, compared to nearly 530 cases at the start of the month, he told a news conference after the G20 summit.

But the restrictions and mask-wearing rules have led to protests in some countries, particularly the US, where people -- mainly supporters of President Donald Trump -- have protested against closures.

US media reported that hundreds of protesters gathered in Huntington Beach, California on Saturday night, in defiance of the state's new curfew.

Europe's second wave

Similar resistance has been seen elsewhere, and German Foreign Minister Heiko Maas lashed out on Sunday at anti-mask protesters comparing themselves to Nazi victims, accusing them of trivialising the Holocaust and "making a mockery" of the courage shown by resistance fighters.

The harsh words came after a young woman took to the stage at a protest against coronavirus restrictions in Hanover on Saturday saying she felt "just like Sophie Scholl," the German student executed by the Nazis in 1943 for her role in the resistance.

Government measures introduced to halt the spread of the coronavirus have triggered large protests in Germany, drawing in people from the far-left, conspiracy theorists and right-wing extremists who claim the curbs infringe on their civil rights.

While necessary to stop the spread of the virus, restrictions have taken a heavy toll on economies across the world.

Another such warning came on Sunday from Britain's finance minister Rishi Sunak, who said the country's economy was under "enormous strain and stress".

Britain has suffered more than any other country in Europe from the coronavirus, recording more than 54,000 deaths from 1.4 million cases.

In November, Prime Minister Boris Johnson's government imposed a four-week lockdown to stop the spread of the disease. That is due to be partially lifted on December 2, giving some relief to businesses.