Calls for a civil disobedience campaign in Myanmar were gathering pace on Wednesday, as the US formally declared the military's takeover a coup and vowed further penalties for the generals behind the putsch.
Myanmar was plunged back into direct military rule when soldiers detained Aung San Suu Kyi and other civilian leaders in a series of dawn raids on Monday, ending the country's brief experiment with democracy.
Ms Suu Kyi, who has not been seen in public since the coup, won a landslide victory with her National League for Democracy party last November, but the military – whose favoured parties received a drubbing – declared the polls fraudulent.
A large base of support for Ms Suu Kyi's party could translate into widespread non-cooperation with the new regime, with potential for escalation.
For now, as soldiers are back on the streets of major cities, the takeover has not been met by any major protests.
But signs of public anger and plans to resist have begun to surface, especially online.
The clatter of pots and pans and the honking of car horns rang out across the country's biggest city Yangon on Tuesday evening, after calls for protest on social media.
Activists also launched a Civil Disobedience Movement Facebook group to declare opposition and share ideas. By Wednesday morning, 24 hours after its launch, it had nearly 150,000 followers.
Army chief Min Aung Hlaing appointed himself head of a new cabinet stacked with former and current generals, justifying his coup on Tuesday as the inevitable result of civilian leaders' failure to heed the army's warnings about fraud.
The military declared a one-year state of emergency and said it would hold new elections once their allegations of voter irregularities were addressed and investigated.
The move stunned Myanmar, a country left impoverished by decades of junta misrule before it began taking steps towards a more democratic and civilian-led government 10 years ago.
Doctors and nurses were among professionals making early declarations of their intent to go on strike.
"We will only follow and obey the orders from our democratically elected government," a statement from medics posted overnight on the Civil Disobedience Movement page read.
But protesting against Myanmar's military is fraught with risk.
During junta rule, dissent was quashed with thousands of activists – including Ms Suu Kyi – detained for years on end.
Censorship was pervasive and the military frequently used lethal force during periods of political turmoil, most notably during protests in 1988 and 2007.
On Wednesday morning the official Global New Light of Myanmar newspaper published a warning from the Ministry of Information against opposing the coup.
"Some of the media organisations and people are posting rumours on social media, releasing statements to occur riot and unstable situation," the statement said.
It called on people "not to make such moves and to co-operate with the government in accordance with existing laws".
The army's actions were met with a growing chorus of international condemnation although the options are limited for those countries hoping Myanmar's generals might reverse course.
On Tuesday the US State Department formally designated the takeover as a coup, meaning the US cannot assist the Myanmar government.
Any impact will be mainly symbolic, because almost all assistance goes to non-government entities and Myanmar's military was already under US sanctions over its brutal campaign against the Rohingya minority.
UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres, the EU and several other nations also spoke out.
The UN Security Council held an emergency meeting on Tuesday but failed to agree on a statement condemning the coup.
To be adopted, it requires the support of China, which wields veto power as a permanent Security Council member and is Myanmar's main supporter at the UN.
"China and Russia have asked for more time", said a diplomat at the end of the meeting, which lasted just over two hours.
Both countries repeatedly shielded Myanmar from censure at the UN over the military's crackdown on the Rohingya, a campaign that UN investigators said amounted to genocide.
The coup is the first major foreign policy test for US President Joe Biden, who has vowed to stand up for wobbly democracies and defend human rights.
In a statement on Monday, he said the US would consider imposing new sanctions on Myanmar.
But Washington is also wary of pushing Myanmar further into China's orbit.
"China is only too happy to step in with material and political support for the Burmese military as part of its ongoing effort to maximise its influence in South-East Asia," said Daniel Russel, from the Asia Society Policy Institute think tank.
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Conflict, drought, famine
Estimates of the number of deaths caused by the famine range from 400,000 to 1 million, according to a document prepared for the UK House of Lords in 2024.
It has been claimed that the policies of the Ethiopian government, which took control after deposing Emperor Haile Selassie in a military-led revolution in 1974, contributed to the scale of the famine.
Dr Miriam Bradley, senior lecturer in humanitarian studies at the University of Manchester, has argued that, by the early 1980s, “several government policies combined to cause, rather than prevent, a famine which lasted from 1983 to 1985. Mengistu’s government imposed Stalinist-model agricultural policies involving forced collectivisation and villagisation [relocation of communities into planned villages].
The West became aware of the catastrophe through a series of BBC News reports by journalist Michael Buerk in October 1984 describing a “biblical famine” and containing graphic images of thousands of people, including children, facing starvation.
Band Aid
Bob Geldof, singer with the Irish rock group The Boomtown Rats, formed Band Aid in response to the horrific images shown in the news broadcasts.
With Midge Ure of the band Ultravox, he wrote the hit charity single Do They Know it’s Christmas in December 1984, featuring a string of high-profile musicians.
Following the single’s success, the idea to stage a rock concert evolved.
Live Aid was a series of simultaneous concerts that took place at Wembley Stadium in London, John F Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia, the US, and at various other venues across the world.
The combined event was broadcast to an estimated worldwide audience of 1.5 billion.
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Sustainable Development Goals
1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere
2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture
3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages
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14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development
15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss
16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels
17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise the global partnership for sustainable development
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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
