FREETOWN // Mauritania's deposed president had supported efforts to charge members of the armed forces for human rights violations - a move that could have been the spark for Wednesday's coup, a leading Mauritanian human rights lawyer said.
An amnesty law passed by a previous government has hampered attempts to hold military officers accountable for atrocities committed against civilians, said Fatimata M'baye, who heads the Mauritanian Association for Human Rights and sits on the National Human Rights Commission.
But Sidi Ould Cheikh Abdallahi, who was president before being ousted last week, supported their efforts to work around the agreement to achieve justice.
"He was very engaged to find a resolution to this question and to make reconciliation," said Ms M'baye, speaking from the Mauritanian capital, Nouakchott. "The military know what it means - there may be a time when they go to court. To stop this process they made a coup. This is one of the causes."
She said it was one of a number of factors in a continuing struggle between Mr Abdallahi and top military officials.
On Wednesday morning, Mr Abdallahi fired four generals, including Gen Mohamed Ould Abdelaziz, the head of the presidential guard. Gen Abdelaziz led a coup later that day when presidential guards seized Mr Abdallahi.
The military quickly announced the formation of an 11-member ruling council. It pledged to "renew the democratic process" by holding a "free and democratic" presidential election, but it did not set a date.
Ms M'baye dismissed the promise, suggesting that such an election would be rigged.
"They will make an election that elects who they want to put in the president's chair," she said. "They want really to have someone they can manipulate."
The European Union, African Union and others swiftly condemned the coup. The US has suspended more than US$20 million (Dh74m) in aid, including $15m slated for Mauritania's military.
But the military council did gain some approval at home. About 1,000 people marched in support on Thursday, and some politicians spoke out in favour of the coup.
"This is a moment of correction and realignment for us to be able to go forwards towards democracy," Moustapha Ould Abeiderrahmane, a member of parliament, told Reuters. Mr Abdallahi's year in office has been marked by political crises and accusations of corruption. Facing a no-confidence vote, his cabinet resigned in July, becoming the second government to fall within three months.
Mr Abdallahi dismissed his previous government in May during widespread protests against skyrocketing food prices. Some politicians recently attempted to set up a commission to investigate the country's response to rising living costs. Mauritania has been hit particularly hard by soaring global food prices: the impoverished desert country imports 70 per cent of its food, according to the World Food Programme.
Stéphanie Savariaud, the WFP's spokesman for west Africa, said the government had responded well to the crisis, given the circumstances. "The high food prices crisis has been taken seriously by all parties in Mauritania and the country has been proactive in dealing with a crisis that cannot be solved overnight," she said.
Les Campbell, of the Washington-based National Democratic Institute, said Mauritania's political system was strong enough to withstand instability triggered by the food crisis without help from the military.
"Mauritania has ways of managing political problems that don't involve the military," said Mr Campbell, the Middle East and North Africa director for the Institute, which is affiliated with the US Democratic Party and promotes democratic development overseas.
Ms M'baye also rejected the idea that Mr Abdallahi needed to be replaced because he was unable to cope with the difficulties facing Mauritania.
"It's very early to make a judgment on his actions," she said. "He just came into power last year."
Mr Abdallahi became the country's first democratically elected president in April 2007 after riding to victory on a platform of reconciliation. Ms M'baye said the real reason the military decided to step in was to maintain its traditional grip on power, which could be weakened by Mr Abdallahi's reconciliation programme.
As part of the programme, Mr Abdallahi promised to repatriate about 30,000 refugees still living in neighbouring Senegal and Mali. About 70,000 black Mauritanians fled ethnic violence that killed hundreds in 1989 and was sponsored by the Moor-dominated military government. The first returnees arrived in January.
Ms M'baye said their return could add weight and garner support for cases being built against members of the military, including Gen Abdelaziz. While the amnesty agreement prevents lawyers from laying charges in Mauritanian courts, they have done so in France and Senegal, she said.
In 2005, human rights groups fought successfully in a French court to convict Ely Ould Dah, a Mauritanian military officer, in absentia on charges torture and barbarism. Dah fled France while on parole, and has so far avoided his 10-year sentence for torturing two black officers accused of plotting a coup.
"The military can't go outside Mauritania because they are targeted by international justice," Ms M'baye said. Mauritania has had more than 10 coups or attempted coups since gaining independence from France in 1960. It is a country deeply divided by ethnic tension between its black and Moorish populations. Moors have traditionally formed the economic and social elite, and slavery of the black population is still widespread.
Mauritania gained more acceptance in the international community after criminalising slavery last year and implementing democratic reforms - which translated into an increase of international aid.
The country has also seen modest profits from oil since becoming Africa's newest producer in 2006.
@Email:jferrie@thenational.ae
'The%20Alchemist's%20Euphoria'
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NO OTHER LAND
Director: Basel Adra, Yuval Abraham, Rachel Szor, Hamdan Ballal
Stars: Basel Adra, Yuval Abraham
Rating: 3.5/5
2025 Fifa Club World Cup groups
Group A: Palmeiras, Porto, Al Ahly, Inter Miami.
Group B: Paris Saint-Germain, Atletico Madrid, Botafogo, Seattle.
Group C: Bayern Munich, Auckland City, Boca Juniors, Benfica.
Group D: Flamengo, ES Tunis, Chelsea, Leon.
Group E: River Plate, Urawa, Monterrey, Inter Milan.
Group F: Fluminense, Borussia Dortmund, Ulsan, Mamelodi Sundowns.
Group G: Manchester City, Wydad, Al Ain, Juventus.
Group H: Real Madrid, Al Hilal, Pachuca, Salzburg.
ABU DHABI CARD
5pm: UAE Martyrs Cup (TB) Conditions; Dh90,000; 2,200m
5.30pm: Wathba Stallions Cup (PA) Handicap; Dh70,000; 1,400m
6pm: UAE Matyrs Trophy (PA) Maiden; Dh80,000; 1,600m
6.30pm: Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak (IFAHR) Apprentice Championship (PA) Prestige; Dh100,000; 1,600m
7pm: Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak (IFAHR) Ladies World Championship (PA) Prestige; Dh125,000; 1,600m
8pm: Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Jewel Crown (PA) Group 1; Dh5,000,000; 1,600m
Results:
Men's 100m T34: 1. Walid Ktila (TUN) 15 sec; 2. Rheed McCracken (AUS) 15.40; 3. Mohammed Al Hammadi (UAE) 15.75. Men's 400m T34: 1. Walid Ktila (TUN) 50.56; 2. Mohammed Al Hammadi (UAE) 50.94; 3. Henry Manni (FIN) 52.24.
The%20specs%3A%202024%20Mercedes%20E200
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EEngine%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E2.0-litre%20four-cyl%20turbo%20%2B%20mild%20hybrid%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPower%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E204hp%20at%205%2C800rpm%20%2B23hp%20hybrid%20boost%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETorque%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E320Nm%20at%201%2C800rpm%20%2B205Nm%20hybrid%20boost%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETransmission%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E9-speed%20auto%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFuel%20consumption%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E7.3L%2F100km%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EOn%20sale%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ENovember%2FDecember%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPrice%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFrom%20Dh205%2C000%20(estimate)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
FFP EXPLAINED
What is Financial Fair Play?
Introduced in 2011 by Uefa, European football’s governing body, it demands that clubs live within their means. Chiefly, spend within their income and not make substantial losses.
What the rules dictate?
The second phase of its implementation limits losses to €30 million (Dh136m) over three seasons. Extra expenditure is permitted for investment in sustainable areas (youth academies, stadium development, etc). Money provided by owners is not viewed as income. Revenue from “related parties” to those owners is assessed by Uefa's “financial control body” to be sure it is a fair value, or in line with market prices.
What are the penalties?
There are a number of punishments, including fines, a loss of prize money or having to reduce squad size for European competition – as happened to PSG in 2014. There is even the threat of a competition ban, which could in theory lead to PSG’s suspension from the Uefa Champions League.
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Formula Middle East Calendar (Formula Regional and Formula 4)
Round 1: January 17-19, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 2: January 22-23, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 3: February 7-9, Dubai Autodrome – Dubai
Round 4: February 14-16, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 5: February 25-27, Jeddah Corniche Circuit – Saudi Arabia
Results
%3Cp%3E%0D%3Cstrong%3EElite%20men%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3E1.%20Amare%20Hailemichael%20Samson%20(ERI)%202%3A07%3A10%0D%3Cbr%3E2.%20Leornard%20Barsoton%20(KEN)%202%3A09%3A37%0D%3Cbr%3E3.%20Ilham%20Ozbilan%20(TUR)%202%3A10%3A16%0D%3Cbr%3E4.%20Gideon%20Chepkonga%20(KEN)%202%3A11%3A17%0D%3Cbr%3E5.%20Isaac%20Timoi%20(KEN)%202%3A11%3A34%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EElite%20women%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3E1.%20Brigid%20Kosgei%20(KEN)%202%3A19%3A15%0D%3Cbr%3E2.%20Hawi%20Feysa%20Gejia%20(ETH)%202%3A24%3A03%0D%3Cbr%3E3.%20Sintayehu%20Dessi%20(ETH)%202%3A25%3A36%0D%3Cbr%3E4.%20Aurelia%20Kiptui%20(KEN)%202%3A28%3A59%0D%3Cbr%3E5.%20Emily%20Kipchumba%20(KEN)%202%3A29%3A52%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Our family matters legal consultant
Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
The Way It Was: My Life with Frank Sinatra by Eliot Weisman and Jennifer Valoppi
Hachette Books
Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.
Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.
“Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.
“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.
Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.
From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.
Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.
BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.
Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.
Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.
“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.
“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.
“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”
Nepotism is the name of the game
Salman Khan’s father, Salim Khan, is one of Bollywood’s most legendary screenwriters. Through his partnership with co-writer Javed Akhtar, Salim is credited with having paved the path for the Indian film industry’s blockbuster format in the 1970s. Something his son now rules the roost of. More importantly, the Salim-Javed duo also created the persona of the “angry young man” for Bollywood megastar Amitabh Bachchan in the 1970s, reflecting the angst of the average Indian. In choosing to be the ordinary man’s “hero” as opposed to a thespian in new Bollywood, Salman Khan remains tightly linked to his father’s oeuvre. Thanks dad.
How green is the expo nursery?
Some 400,000 shrubs and 13,000 trees in the on-site nursery
An additional 450,000 shrubs and 4,000 trees to be delivered in the months leading up to the expo
Ghaf, date palm, acacia arabica, acacia tortilis, vitex or sage, techoma and the salvadora are just some heat tolerant native plants in the nursery
Approximately 340 species of shrubs and trees selected for diverse landscape
The nursery team works exclusively with organic fertilisers and pesticides
All shrubs and trees supplied by Dubai Municipality
Most sourced from farms, nurseries across the country
Plants and trees are re-potted when they arrive at nursery to give them room to grow
Some mature trees are in open areas or planted within the expo site
Green waste is recycled as compost
Treated sewage effluent supplied by Dubai Municipality is used to meet the majority of the nursery’s irrigation needs
Construction workforce peaked at 40,000 workers
About 65,000 people have signed up to volunteer
Main themes of expo is ‘Connecting Minds, Creating the Future’ and three subthemes of opportunity, mobility and sustainability.
Expo 2020 Dubai to open in October 2020 and run for six months
