A Liberian rebel commander was sentenced by a Swiss court to 20 years in jail on Friday for rape, murder and an act of cannibalism in one of the first war crimes convictions following the West African country's civil war.
The case was Switzerland's first war crimes trial in a civilian court. It involved 46-year-old Alieu Kosiah who went by the nom de guerre "bluff boy" in the rebel faction Ulimo that fought former president Charles Taylor's army in the 1990s.
Kosiah faced 25 charges including one in which he was accused of eating slices of a man's heart. He was convicted of that and all but four of the other counts, documents from the Swiss Federal Court showed.
He was arrested in 2014 in Switzerland, where he had been living as a permanent resident. A 2011 Swiss law allows prosecution for serious crimes committed anywhere under the principle of universal jurisdiction.
A plaintiff in the case who testified that Kosiah had ordered his brother's murder urged other Liberians to come forward as witnesses and secure more convictions.
"If you set an example, the other guys will be afraid," he said in a statement via the NGO Civitas Maxima, which represented him. He asked not to be named in media reports for fear of reprisals.
Liberia has ignored pressure to prosecute crimes from its back-to-back wars between 1989-2003, in which thousands of child soldiers were used in power tussles exacerbated by ethnic rivalry.
Human Rights Watch called Friday's sentencing a "landmark".
"Switzerland’s efforts on this case should help mobilise wider accountability in Liberia as this shows that these crimes can be prosecuted. I see this as an opportunity," Elise Keppler, associate director of the group's international justice programme, said.
Activists in the Liberian capital Monrovia celebrated the verdict. "This will serve as a deterrent for others around the world. I think justice has taken its course," said Dan Sayeh, a civil society campaigner.
Kosiah had denied all the charges and told the court he was a minor when first recruited into the conflict.
His lawyer did not immediately respond to an emailed request for comment on the sentence.
Despite being found guilty of all other charges, Kosiah was cleared on Friday of attempted murder of a civilian, accessory to the murder of a civilian, an order to loot and recruitment of a child soldier.
The court said that the 20-year sentence was the maximum it was allowed to give under Swiss law.
"No mitigating circumstances were taken into account in the sentencing. A deportation from Switzerland was also ordered for a period of 15 years," it said.
Kosiah was also ordered to pay compensation to seven plaintiffs, it added.
It was not immediately clear when the deportation would occur. The roughly six and a half years that Kosiah has already served in pretrial detention will count towards the sentence, the court papers showed.
Charles Taylor was sentenced for war crimes in 2012 but only for acts in neighbouring Sierra Leone. His son, Chuckie, was sentenced for torture in Liberia by a US court in 2009.
