Fossil study reveals human ancestors 1 million years older than previously thought


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The fossils of our early ancestors found in South Africa are a million years older than previously thought.

A study of hominin remains from the Australopithecus genus found at the Sterkfontein caves north of Johannesburg — including the famed Mrs Ples fossil — puts their ages at between 3.4 million and 3.6 million years, Johannesburg’s University of the Witwatersrand said in statement on Monday.

Mrs Ples and other fossils found at a similar depth of the cave were previously estimated to be between 2.1 million and 2.6 million years old. But the latest study found that they are actually older than the Lucy fossil found in Ethiopia in 1979, which is 3.2 million years old.

The find puts South Africa back in contention as the site where humankind may have originated.

The Sterkfontein caves at the Cradle of Humankind world heritage site near Johannesburg have yielded more Australopithecus fossils than any other site in the world.

Among them was "Mrs Ples", the most complete skull of an Australopithecus africanus, which was found in South Africa in 1947.

“This important new dating work pushes the age of some of the most interesting fossils in human evolution research, and one of South Africa’s most iconic fossils, Mrs Ples, back a million years to a time when, in East Africa, we find other iconic early hominins like Lucy,” said Dominic Stratford, director of research at the caves and one of the authors of a paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences journal.

Researchers collecting samples at a dig around the caves in Sterkfontein, also known as the Cradle of Humankind. AFP
Researchers collecting samples at a dig around the caves in Sterkfontein, also known as the Cradle of Humankind. AFP

Research at Sterkfontein began in 1936 when paleontologist Robert Broom discovered the first adult hominin fossil. Since then hundreds of similar finds have been made at the site, many originally thought to have lived 2 million to 3 million years ago.

Those finds, and an earlier one in 1924, came before of the discoveries in East Africa, which began in 1959.

The new age estimation was made using the radioactive decay of aluminium and beryllium isotopes in the rocks buried at the same time as the fossils, according to the researchers.

Earlier estimates were based on calcite flowstone deposits that are now believed to be younger than the rest of the rocks found in the cave. East African fossils were easier to date because of the presence of volcanic material.

“South Africa was largely ignored because it was so difficult to date the fossils. They were largely dismissed as not being relevant to the story of human evolution,” said Ronald Clarke, a professor at the University of Witwatersrand and an author of the paper.

“It’s a big deal, this does confirm that these primitive ancestors were all over Africa.”

Watch — 150,000-year-old skull could belong to a new species of human

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From: Lonely Loris is a Sunda slow loris, one of nine species of the animal native to Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand and Singapore

Status: Critically endangered, and listed as vulnerable on the International Union for Conservation of Nature red list due to growing demand in the global exotic pet trade. It is one of the most popular primate species found at Indonesian pet markets

Likes: Sleeping, which they do for up to 18 hours a day. When they are awake, they like to eat fruit, insects, small birds and reptiles and some types of vegetation

Dislikes: Sunlight. Being a nocturnal animal, the slow loris wakes around sunset and is active throughout the night

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Clinical psychologist, Dr Saliha Afridi at The Lighthouse Arabia suggests three easy things you can do every day to cut back on the time you spend online.

1. Put the social media app in a folder on the second or third screen of your phone so it has to remain a conscious decision to open, rather than something your fingers gravitate towards without consideration.

2. Schedule a time to use social media instead of consistently throughout the day. I recommend setting aside certain times of the day or week when you upload pictures or share information. 

3. Take a mental snapshot rather than a photo on your phone. Instead of sharing it with your social world, try to absorb the moment, connect with your feeling, experience the moment with all five of your senses. You will have a memory of that moment more vividly and for far longer than if you take a picture of it.

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Legislative setbacks for the government have blown a new hole in the budgetary calculations at a time when the deficit is stubbornly large and the economy is struggling to grow. 

She appeared with Keir Starmer on Thursday and the pair embraced, but he had failed to give her his backing as she cried a day earlier.

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Updated: June 29, 2022, 11:48 AM`