Kabul, Afghanistan, in November 2021. EPA
Kabul, Afghanistan, in November 2021. EPA
Kabul, Afghanistan, in November 2021. EPA
Kabul, Afghanistan, in November 2021. EPA

World

Taliban appoint new central bank governor as country grapples with economic collapse

Afghanistan has a population of 40 million and a $2 billion budget for 2023

The National

March 22, 2023

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  • Arabic

The Taliban has appointed a new head of the county’s central bank, which allocates funds for critical imports such as food. The movement, which took control of Afghanistan in August 2021 after a precipitous withdrawal of western troops, is presiding over a devastated economy, since the US and EU froze the country’s $9 billion worth of foreign reserves.

The US initially said the group was aligned to Al Qaeda-linked terrorists, saying the militants had broken the terms of the US withdrawal agreement, before releasing some of the funds for humanitarian needs.

But funds were frozen again when the Taliban reneged on a promise to allow girls access to education, leading to widespread international condemnation. With a population of about 40 million, Afghanistan’s budget for this year is now just $2 billion. By contrast, Iraq, with a population of 43 million, this month announced a budget of $155 billion.

The UN says half of Afghans now face acute hunger.

The number of children put to work in Afghanistan, already high, is growing, fuelled by the collapse of the economy after the Taliban took over the country and the world cut off financial aid just over a year ago. All photos: AP Photo
The number of children put to work in Afghanistan, already high, is growing, fuelled by the collapse of the economy after the Taliban took over the country and the world cut off financial aid just over a year ago. All photos: AP Photo
A recent survey by Save the Children estimated that half of Afghanistan’s families send children out to work to keep food on the table as livelihoods crumble.
A recent survey by Save the Children estimated that half of Afghanistan’s families send children out to work to keep food on the table as livelihoods crumble.
Nowhere is the malaise clearer than in the many brick factories on the motorway north out of the capital, Kabul.
Nowhere is the malaise clearer than in the many brick factories on the motorway north out of the capital, Kabul.
Conditions in the furnaces are tough even for adults. But in almost all of them, children as young as four or five toil alongside their families from early in the morning until dark in the heat of summer.
Conditions in the furnaces are tough even for adults. But in almost all of them, children as young as four or five toil alongside their families from early in the morning until dark in the heat of summer.
Children are involved in every step of the brickmaking process.
Children are involved in every step of the brickmaking process.
They haul cannisters of water and carry the wooden brick moulds filled with mud to put in the sun to dry.
They haul cannisters of water and carry the wooden brick moulds filled with mud to put in the sun to dry.
They load and push wheelbarrows full of dried bricks to the kiln for firing, then push back wheelbarrows full of fired bricks.
They load and push wheelbarrows full of dried bricks to the kiln for firing, then push back wheelbarrows full of fired bricks.
Everywhere they are lifting, stacking, sorting bricks.
Everywhere they are lifting, stacking, sorting bricks.
They pick through the smouldering charcoal from the kilns for pieces that can still be used, inhaling the soot and singeing their fingers.
They pick through the smouldering charcoal from the kilns for pieces that can still be used, inhaling the soot and singeing their fingers.
The children work with a determination and a grim sense of responsibility beyond their years, borne out of knowing little else but their families’ need.
The children work with a determination and a grim sense of responsibility beyond their years, borne out of knowing little else but their families’ need.
When asked about toys or play, they smile and shrug. Only a few have been to school.
When asked about toys or play, they smile and shrug. Only a few have been to school.
Nabila, 12, has been working in brick factories since she was five or six. Like many other brick workers, her family works part of the year at a kiln near Kabul, the other part at one outside Jalalabad, near the Pakistan border.
Nabila, 12, has been working in brick factories since she was five or six. Like many other brick workers, her family works part of the year at a kiln near Kabul, the other part at one outside Jalalabad, near the Pakistan border.
A few years ago, she got to go to school a little in Jalalabad. She would like to go back to school but her family needs her work to survive, she said with a soft smile. 'We can’t think about anything else but work,' she said.
A few years ago, she got to go to school a little in Jalalabad. She would like to go back to school but her family needs her work to survive, she said with a soft smile. 'We can’t think about anything else but work,' she said.
The landscape around the factories is bleak and barren, with the kilns’ smokestacks pumping out black, sooty smoke. Families live in dilapidated mud houses next to furnaces, each with a corner where they make their bricks. For most, a day’s meal is bread soaked in tea.
The landscape around the factories is bleak and barren, with the kilns’ smokestacks pumping out black, sooty smoke. Families live in dilapidated mud houses next to furnaces, each with a corner where they make their bricks. For most, a day’s meal is bread soaked in tea.
Rahim has three children working with him at a brick kiln, ranging in age from 5 to 12. The children had been in school, and Rahim, who goes by one name, said he had long resisted putting them to work. But even before the Taliban came to power, as the war went on and the economy worsened, he said he had no choice.
Rahim has three children working with him at a brick kiln, ranging in age from 5 to 12. The children had been in school, and Rahim, who goes by one name, said he had long resisted putting them to work. But even before the Taliban came to power, as the war went on and the economy worsened, he said he had no choice.
'There’s no other way,' Rahim said. 'How can they study when we don’t have bread to eat? Survival is more important.'
'There’s no other way,' Rahim said. 'How can they study when we don’t have bread to eat? Survival is more important.'
Workers get the equivalent of $4 for every 1,000 bricks they make. One adult working alone is unable to make that amount in a day, but if the children help, they can make 1,500 bricks a day, workers said.
Workers get the equivalent of $4 for every 1,000 bricks they make. One adult working alone is unable to make that amount in a day, but if the children help, they can make 1,500 bricks a day, workers said.
According to surveys by Save the Children, the percentage of families saying they had a child working outside the home grew from 18 per cent to 22 per cent from December to June. That would suggest more than a million children nationwide were working. Another 22 per cent of children said they were asked to work on the family business or farm.
According to surveys by Save the Children, the percentage of families saying they had a child working outside the home grew from 18 per cent to 22 per cent from December to June. That would suggest more than a million children nationwide were working. Another 22 per cent of children said they were asked to work on the family business or farm.
The surveys covered more than 1,400 children and more than 1,400 caregivers in seven provinces. They also pointed to the swift collapse in Afghans’ livelihoods. In June, 77 per cent of the surveyed families said they had lost half their income or more compared with a year ago, up from 61 per cent in December.
The surveys covered more than 1,400 children and more than 1,400 caregivers in seven provinces. They also pointed to the swift collapse in Afghans’ livelihoods. In June, 77 per cent of the surveyed families said they had lost half their income or more compared with a year ago, up from 61 per cent in December.

Finance Minister Hidayatullah Badri was appointed as acting governor, replacing Mohammad Idris, a key fundraiser for the Taliban during its decades-long war against the US. Taliban spokesman Zabihullah Mujahed confirmed the appointment on Wednesday but gave no further details.

Even among the Taliban there are divisions on the sweeping orders to restrict women’s rights. One faction backs supreme leader Hibatullah Akhundzada who issued the conservative decrees, while another group are pushing back against his policies.

Mr Badri is from Kandahar, the birthplace of the Taliban, and was one of the closest aides to the late Mullah Mohammad Omar, the founder of the militant group. Omar’s son and the current Defence Minister, Mullah Mohammad Yaqoob, is one of the leaders driving the faction against the conservatives.

Ministry of Finance spokesman Ahmad Wali Haqmal said on Wednesday that Mullah Mohammad Nasser Akhund, a deputy minister of revenue and customs, will take charge until Mr Badri’s replacement is appointed.

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