For more than a decade, Yemen native Zirjan “Zee” Ahmad spent months at a time on massive ships hauling iron ore and other industrial materials from port to port.
But Mr Ahmad’s long days and silent nights at sea were not spent on the Atlantic or Pacific oceans – or any ocean, in fact. His life as a sailor was spent on North America’s Great Lakes, a collection of large bodies of freshwater between the US and Canada.
After emigrating from Yemen in 1995, he soon followed in his father’s footsteps.
“My dad was a deep-sea sailor for 29 years,” he says. “He didn’t want me to sail because he said: ‘All you see is the sky and water.”
But Mr Ahmad was not to be dissuaded. When he became a sailor in 2003, he was in his early twenties and eager for adventure.
“I saw a lot of people from Yemen talking about becoming a sailor,” he says.
His first ship was called the American Republic, a 194-metre bulk carrier designed to ship iron ore around the Great Lakes.
Life on the water had its ups and downs. In his early days as a sailor, he would catch a ship in Detroit and sail for about 20 days all the way to the city of Duluth on Lake Superior.
Back then, his job was to tie up the boat and lock up its deck hatches, and Mr Ahmad would catch ships intermittently, covering crew shortages and working different roles.
Soon, he figured it made sense to rise through the crew ranks and eventually he racked up enough days at sea to qualify for the rank of boatswain, making him responsible for cargo-handling equipment and a crew of maintenance workers.
“There used to be other Arabic workers on the ship, so we used to get together in groups to pass the time,” he said. “It was good when I was single. After my work, I would go to the deck and look at the sky.”
But after spending three or four months on a ship, the walls would close in, he said.
“You need to get off the ship and rest, to change your life.”
During the winter months, when the Great Lakes froze over, Mr Ahmad would return to Yemen to be with his family.
“On March 3, March 5 the ships would go back to work,” he says.
Having left the sailing life behind several years ago, Mr Ahmad said he doesn’t especially miss it. At times it was dangerous. On one occasion, a docking cable used to tie up a ship to port snapped and damaged his leg.
Today he runs a heating and cooling company in Dearborn and is married with seven children.
“We would have to hammer the ice off the ship, clean everything down and make sure the ship was tied up during storms,” he says. “It was a tough life.”
Mr Ahmad is far from alone. For decades, generations of Yemeni and other Arab sailors have worked on ships traversing the Great Lakes of the cold north, bringing essential raw materials and foodstuffs to businesses across the region in a little-known aspect of Arab-American history.
The Great Lakes region of the 1920s was a hotbed of industry. Much of the economic activity in Detroit, Michigan, was fuelled by manufacturers such as the Ford Motor Company, which was building millions of cars out of its factories in Detroit and nearby Dearborn.
The company owned iron ore and graphite mines in Wisconsin and in the upper Michigan peninsula – materials that were used to build cars in Detroit.
At the time, the company is believed to have faced a major problem: a shortage of sailors to man the ships transporting these raw materials south to Detroit, where the Ford company had a blast furnace.
Yemeni immigrants who had come to Detroit in search of work were reportedly hired en masse due to their skills as sailors acquired in the Gulf of Aden and the Indian Ocean, where, in the late 1800s, they were regularly employed by the powerful British Navy.
Waves of Yemenis who came to the US in the 1950s and 60s and settled in Michigan went on to work on ships that traversed the Great Lakes during America's postwar industrial boom.
Running along the border dividing the US and Canada, the five Great Lakes are connected to the Atlantic Ocean in the east through the St Lawrence Seaway in Canada. The largest, Lake Superior, is almost as big as the island of Ireland, and violent storms kicking up huge waves are not uncommon.
When the SS Edmund Fitzgerald disappeared from radar during a storm November 10, 1975, in Lake Superior, the crew of the SS William Clay Ford volunteered to take part in a rescue mission, despite the evident dangers.
Aboard the SS William Clay Ford were men by the names of Ahmed B Ali, Mosaed Ali and Ahmad Saleh, sailors who had roots in the Middle East.
Theirs and other names are recorded on a plaque celebrating their bravery that is now on display at the Dossin Great Lakes Museum on Bell Island in Detroit.
None of the 29 crew aboard the SS Edmund Fitzgerald were ever found, in the worst loss of life recorded on the Great Lakes.
To preserve the unique history of Arab-American sailors on the Great Lakes, the Centre for Arab American Studies at the University of Michigan-Dearborn launched a project to find and interview Yemeni sailors.
The fruits of that project have been passed on to the Arab American National Museum in Dearborn, Michigan, where in the coming months the research will be archived and presented as a collection online for public access.
“It was Sally Howell’s [of the University of Michigan-Dearborn] motivation for doing this and we are keen to document the current community in Dearborn as a national museum,” says Shatha Najim, community historian at the museum.
“There’s not much representation of the Yemeni community – [helping to change that] through their voice is really impactful.”
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Ultra processed foods
- Carbonated drinks, sweet or savoury packaged snacks, confectionery, mass-produced packaged breads and buns
- margarines and spreads; cookies, biscuits, pastries, cakes, and cake mixes, breakfast cereals, cereal and energy bars;
- energy drinks, milk drinks, fruit yoghurts and fruit drinks, cocoa drinks, meat and chicken extracts and instant sauces
- infant formulas and follow-on milks, health and slimming products such as powdered or fortified meal and dish substitutes,
- many ready-to-heat products including pre-prepared pies and pasta and pizza dishes, poultry and fish nuggets and sticks, sausages, burgers, hot dogs, and other reconstituted meat products, powdered and packaged instant soups, noodles and desserts.
UAE%20athletes%20heading%20to%20Paris%202024
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RESULT
Aston Villa 1
Samatta (41')
Manchester City 2
Aguero (20')
Rodri (30')
Royal Birkdale Golf Course
Location: Southport, Merseyside, England
Established: 1889
Type: Private
Total holes: 18
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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Specs
Engine: Duel electric motors
Power: 659hp
Torque: 1075Nm
On sale: Available for pre-order now
Price: On request
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The Perfect Couple
Starring: Nicole Kidman, Liev Schreiber, Jack Reynor
Creator: Jenna Lamia
Rating: 3/5
Checks continue
A High Court judge issued an interim order on Friday suspending a decision by Agriculture Minister Edwin Poots to direct a stop to Brexit agri-food checks at Northern Ireland ports.
Mr Justice Colton said he was making the temporary direction until a judicial review of the minister's unilateral action this week to order a halt to port checks that are required under the Northern Ireland Protocol.
Civil servants have yet to implement the instruction, pending legal clarity on their obligations, and checks are continuing.
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Key facilities
- Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
- Premier League-standard football pitch
- 400m Olympic running track
- NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
- 600-seat auditorium
- Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
- An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
- Specialist robotics and science laboratories
- AR and VR-enabled learning centres
- Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Company Profile:
Name: The Protein Bakeshop
Date of start: 2013
Founders: Rashi Chowdhary and Saad Umerani
Based: Dubai
Size, number of employees: 12
Funding/investors: $400,000 (2018)
RESULTS
5pm: Maiden (PA) Dh 80,000 (Turf) 1,200m
Winner: AF Majalis, Tadhg O’Shea (jockey), Ernst Oertel (trainer).
5.30pm: Maiden (PA) Dh 80,000 (T) 1,400m
Winner: Sawt Assalam, Szczepan Mazur, Ibrahim Al Hadhrami.
6pm: Maiden (PA) Dh 80,000 (T) 1,400m
Winner: Foah, Fabrice Veron, Eric Lemartinel.
6.30pm: Wathba Stallions Cup Handicap (PA) Dh 70,000 (T) 1,400m
Winner: Faiza, Sandro Paiva, Ali Rashid Al Raihe.
7pm: Handicap (PA) Dh 80,000 (T) 1,600m
Winner: RB Dixie Honor, Antonio Fresu, Helal Al Alawi.
7.30pm: Rated Conditions (TB) Dh 100,000 (T) 1,600m
Winner: Boerhan, Ryan Curatolo, Nicholas Bachalard.
6.30pm Meydan Classic Trial US$100,000 (Turf) 1,400m
Winner Bella Fever, Dane O’Neill (jockey), Mike de Kock (trainer).
7.05pm Handicap $135,000 (T) 1,400m
Winner Woven, Harry Bentley, David Simcock.
7.40pm UAE 2000 Guineas Group Three $250,000 (Dirt) 1,600m
Winner Fore Left, William Buick, Doug O’Neill.
8.15pm Dubai Sprint Listed Handicap $175,000 (T) 1,200m
Winner Rusumaat, Dane O’Neill, Musabah Al Muhairi.
8.50pm Al Maktoum Challenge Round-2 Group Two $450,000 (D) 1,900m
Winner Benbatl, Christophe Soumillon, Saeed bin Suroor.
9.25pm Handicap $135,000 (T) 1,800m
Winner Art Du Val, William Buick, Charlie Appleby.
10pm Handicap $135,000 (T) 1,400m
Winner Beyond Reason, William Buick, Charlie Appleby.
Sukuk explained
Sukuk are Sharia-compliant financial certificates issued by governments, corporates and other entities. While as an asset class they resemble conventional bonds, there are some significant differences. As interest is prohibited under Sharia, sukuk must contain an underlying transaction, for example a leaseback agreement, and the income that is paid to investors is generated by the underlying asset. Investors must also be prepared to share in both the profits and losses of an enterprise. Nevertheless, sukuk are similar to conventional bonds in that they provide regular payments, and are considered less risky than equities. Most investors would not buy sukuk directly due to high minimum subscriptions, but invest via funds.
COMPANY%20PROFILE
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City's slump
L - Juventus, 2-0
D - C Palace, 2-2
W - N Forest, 3-0
L - Liverpool, 2-0
D - Feyenoord, 3-3
L - Tottenham, 4-0
L - Brighton, 2-1
L - Sporting, 4-1
L - Bournemouth, 2-1
L - Tottenham, 2-1
The%20specs
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States of Passion by Nihad Sirees,
Pushkin Press
Tearful appearance
Chancellor Rachel Reeves set markets on edge as she appeared visibly distraught in parliament on Wednesday.
Legislative setbacks for the government have blown a new hole in the budgetary calculations at a time when the deficit is stubbornly large and the economy is struggling to grow.
She appeared with Keir Starmer on Thursday and the pair embraced, but he had failed to give her his backing as she cried a day earlier.
A spokesman said her upset demeanour was due to a personal matter.
F1 The Movie
Starring: Brad Pitt, Damson Idris, Kerry Condon, Javier Bardem
Director: Joseph Kosinski
Rating: 4/5
World Test Championship table
1 India 71 per cent
2 New Zealand 70 per cent
3 Australia 69.2 per cent
4 England 64.1 per cent
5 Pakistan 43.3 per cent
6 West Indies 33.3 per cent
7 South Africa 30 per cent
8 Sri Lanka 16.7 per cent
9 Bangladesh 0
The years Ramadan fell in May
Benefits of first-time home buyers' scheme
- Priority access to new homes from participating developers
- Discounts on sales price of off-plan units
- Flexible payment plans from developers
- Mortgages with better interest rates, faster approval times and reduced fees
- DLD registration fee can be paid through banks or credit cards at zero interest rates
FIGHT CARD
From 5.30pm in the following order:
Featherweight
Marcelo Pontes (BRA) v Azouz Anwar (EGY)
Catchweight 90kg
Moustafa Rashid Nada (KSA) v Imad Al Howayeck (LEB)
Welterweight
Mohammed Al Khatib (JOR) v Gimbat Ismailov (RUS)
Flyweight (women)
Lucie Bertaud (FRA) v Kelig Pinson (BEL)
Lightweight
Alexandru Chitoran (BEL) v Regelo Enumerables Jr (PHI)
Catchweight 100kg
Mohamed Ali (EGY) v Marc Vleiger (NED)
Featherweight
James Bishop (AUS) v Mark Valerio (PHI)
Welterweight
Gerson Carvalho (BRA) v Abdelghani Saber (EGY)
Middleweight
Bakhtiyar Abbasov (AZE) v Igor Litoshik (BLR)
Bantamweight:
Fabio Mello (BRA) v Mark Alcoba (PHI)
Welterweight
Ahmed Labban (LEB) v Magomedsultan Magemedsultanov (RUS)
Bantamweight
Trent Girdham (AUS) v Jayson Margallo (PHI)
Lightweight
Usman Nurmagomedov (RUS) v Roman Golovinov (UKR)
Middleweight
Tarek Suleiman (SYR) v Steve Kennedy (AUS)
Lightweight
Dan Moret (USA) v Anton Kuivanen (FIN)
How tumultuous protests grew
- A fuel tax protest by French drivers appealed to wider anti-government sentiment
- Unlike previous French demonstrations there was no trade union or organised movement involved
- Demonstrators responded to online petitions and flooded squares to block traffic
- At its height there were almost 300,000 on the streets in support
- Named after the high visibility jackets that drivers must keep in cars
- Clashes soon turned violent as thousands fought with police at cordons
- An estimated two dozen people lost eyes and many others were admitted to hospital
At a glance
Global events: Much of the UK’s economic woes were blamed on “increased global uncertainty”, which can be interpreted as the economic impact of the Ukraine war and the uncertainty over Donald Trump’s tariffs.
Growth forecasts: Cut for 2025 from 2 per cent to 1 per cent. The OBR watchdog also estimated inflation will average 3.2 per cent this year
Welfare: Universal credit health element cut by 50 per cent and frozen for new claimants, building on cuts to the disability and incapacity bill set out earlier this month
Spending cuts: Overall day-to day-spending across government cut by £6.1bn in 2029-30
Tax evasion: Steps to crack down on tax evasion to raise “£6.5bn per year” for the public purse
Defence: New high-tech weaponry, upgrading HM Naval Base in Portsmouth
Housing: Housebuilding to reach its highest in 40 years, with planning reforms helping generate an extra £3.4bn for public finances
MATCH INFO
Manchester City 3
Danilo (16'), Bernardo Silva (34'), Fernandinho (72')
Brighton & Hove Albion 1
Ulloa (20')
Monday's results
- UAE beat Bahrain by 51 runs
- Qatar beat Maldives by 44 runs
- Saudi Arabia beat Kuwait by seven wickets
Lexus LX700h specs
Engine: 3.4-litre twin-turbo V6 plus supplementary electric motor
Power: 464hp at 5,200rpm
Torque: 790Nm from 2,000-3,600rpm
Transmission: 10-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 11.7L/100km
On sale: Now
Price: From Dh590,000
Mobile phone packages comparison
Napoleon
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDirector%3C%2Fstrong%3E%3A%20Ridley%20Scott%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStars%3C%2Fstrong%3E%3A%20Joaquin%20Phoenix%2C%20Vanessa%20Kirby%2C%20Tahar%20Rahim%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ERating%3C%2Fstrong%3E%3A%202%2F5%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The years Ramadan fell in May
Results:
5pm: Conditions (PA) Dh80,000 1,400m | Winner: AF Tahoonah, Richard Mullen (jockey), Ernst Oertel (trainer)
5.30pm: Handicap (TB) Dh90,000 1,400m | Winner: Ajwad, Gerald Avranche, Rashed Bouresly
6pm: Maiden (PA) Dh80,000 1,600m | Winner: RB Lam Tara, Fabrice Veron, Eric Lemartinel
6.30pm: Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 1,600m | Winner: Duc De Faust, Szczepan Mazur, Younis Al Kalbani
7pm: Wathba Stallions Cup (PA) Dh70,000 2,200m | Winner: Shareef KB, Fabrice Veron, Ernst Oertel
7.30pm: Handicap (PA) Dh90,000 1,500m | Winner: Bainoona, Pat Cosgrave, Eric Lemartinel
Our Time Has Come
Alyssa Ayres, Oxford University Press
