About 400 years ago the deserted coastal village of Ravenscar was the bustling centre of Britain’s alum industry and thus owed some of its success to its abundance of seaweed.
For 250 years, thousands of tonnes of kelp were dragged up the sheer cliff edges of England’s east coast to be used in the process of making alum crystals, which for centuries were the core component for the world’s textile industry, making it possible to fix dyes to cloth.
As technology progressed with the creation of synthetic dyes, demand in the alum industry shrank away and kelp became a forgotten sea crop at the turn of the 19th century.
But as governments globally seek ways to mitigate carbon emissions, Yorkshire’s seaweed is once again at the fore of a new farming wonder, in the form of a pioneering offshore seaweed farm 16 kilometres along the coast in Scarborough.
Seaweed ‘consumes more carbon than forests’
Scientists say seaweed can be a useful instrument for achieving the global goal of becoming carbon-zero.
Research by Sylvia Hurlimann, from the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology at Harvard University, reveals that as they grow, seaweed pods consume more carbon than trees in forests.
“When plants such as trees photosynthesise and grow, carbon in the form of carbon dioxide is removed from the atmosphere and converted into biomass, such as a branch or leaf on a growing tree,” she said.
“Although trees store carbon, this storage is vulnerable since deforestation or forest degradation release this carbon back into the atmosphere, undoing the benefits. When thinking about carbon sequestration, we need to focus on permanent solutions.
“Coastal ecosystems sequester away surprisingly large amounts of carbon. They can sequester up to 20 times more carbon per acre than land forests.
“As we decrease our use of fossil fuels, carbon sinks such as kelp forests will play a key role in getting us to net-zero emissions.”
Climate change research in Antarctica led to UK’s seaweed revival
The inspiration for Scarborough’s aquatic farm wasn’t born of the crop’s once-rich local history, however, but in the heart of frozen Antarctica, more than 14,000 kilometres away.
Former Royal Navy officer Wave Crookes was working as a navigator on the RRS James Clark Ross scientific research vessel for the British Antarctic Survey, with fellow Briton Laura Robinson, a professor of geochemistry.
Together, they found a novel solution to the world’s climate problems and launched the pioneering seaweed farm SeaGrown, thought to be the UK’s first.
Originally from a fishing family in Scarborough, Mr Crookes knew it would be the perfect place for the venture.
“It was while working in Antarctica on scientific projects that we knew we wanted to start a business that could help the planet back in the UK,” he told The National.
“We did a lot of research into seaweed. The world needs to offset the carbon and seaweed farming is a way of doing that so we decided to give it a crack.”
The offshore farm is producing a sustainable seaweed crop, which can be used in everything from biodegradable plastics and food to a new source of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and textiles.
“Ocean farming is good for the planet as it draws down carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while oxygenating, de-acidifying and cleaning the ocean,” Mr Crookes said.
“We use nothing but sunlight and the cold, clean waters of the North Sea to make healthy, sustainable and innovative products which benefit humans, animals and planet Earth.
“Our ambition is to help the ocean to turn the tide on climate change and keep itself healthy.
“We have developed a brand-new method for seaweed farming which can stand up to the challenging open-water environment of the wild North Sea.”
The crop just needs sun and sea to grow — no chemicals, fresh water, power or even land — and can absorb huge amounts of carbon and release oxygen into the water as it grows.
SeaGrown obtained a licence to wild-harvest the seaweed. It hand-harvests the kelp that washes up on the beaches, which is used in their food seasonings, including salt and Sichuan seaweed and smoky piri-piri seaweed flavourings. They also grow their own at their North Sea farm, which enables the company to supply products to industry on a larger scale.
“Sometimes it’s just me and 400 seals down on the beach at first light, harvesting,” Mr Crookes said.
“We then dry it, mill it and blend it with herbs and spices at our processing site and sell it all over the world.
“It’s even in Selfridges, in London.”
The business operates from Scarborough Harbour in its vessel the Southern Star, which was formerly used as a supply ship in the Great Barrier Reef, a survey vessel in the Falkland Islands and had a previous life in antipiracy operations in the Gulf of Aden.
The vessel plays a key role as a seaweed hatchery and a visitor centre showcasing the ecological importance of the initiative.
It enables tourists to enjoy Scarborough’s picturesque harbour on the sun-soaked deck whist just metres below them the hatchery is providing one of the answers to the world’s climate change crisis.
“We create the seeds in tanks at the hatchery,” Mr Crookes said.
“When they are big enough we then transfer them to ropes in our offshore farm.”
It carries out the work on its second vessel the Bright Blue, which previously worked as an oil spill response vessel in Asia and the UK.
Seaweed can help farmers tackle their carbon footprint
Mr Crookes says seaweed can play a big role in the future of the farming industry as the kelp can be used as fertiliser and added to cattle feed.
“We want to support the farming industry,” he said.
“Food security is so important, issues of land and obtaining fertiliser is a pressing issue.
“The seaweed farm is great as it doesn’t need land or power to grow. The crop can play a big role in the farming industry as it can be added to cattle feed and can be used as fertiliser and a soil enhancer as its minerals are good for the soil and plant growth.”
Ocean-based carbon dioxide removal is a vital tool, scientists say
About 70 per cent of the world’s oxygen is produced by marine plants, including seaweeds.
This month, Brad Ack, chief innovation officer of Ocean Visions, a non-profit research organisation, told the World Ocean Summit that the ocean stores 50 times more carbon in bicarbonate and carbonate forms — such as shellfish, seagrass and seaweed — in the bottom of the sea than what is in the atmosphere.
“At the end of the day, carbon dioxide removal is ocean conservation,” he said.
“The potential for employing the power of the ocean to sequester and safely store carbon dioxide is enormous, relative to that of land-based counterparts.
Oceans covers 71 per cent of the Earth.
“It naturally cycles and stores carbon safely at the bottom of the sea; and has far fewer social and political controversies/ramifications than many land-based approaches,” Mr Ack said.
“Ocean-based carbon dioxide removal can take a number of forms, from growing marine ‘trees’ like kelp and other seaweeds, to accelerated weathering of minerals that interact with seawater, to ocean iron fertilisation, and more.
“Carbon dioxide removal is imperative in the race against dangerous climate change and ocean-based carbon dioxide removal is a legitimate and critical tool in the race to avert climate disasters.”
Last year, the British government announced an investment of more than £400,000 ($502,640) in a seaweed academy to teach people how to farm the mineral-rich plant.
Hopes are that training and education in seaweed farming will help to grow an industry that will play an important role in the country’s net-zero ambitions.
Mr Crookes is setting up an educational centre for schools on his vessel, to teach young people about the importance of seaweed in carbon removal.
He has also set a consultancy to help others create their own aquatic farms and has been inundated with requests from around the world.
“We have been contacted by people all across the world eager to learn how to set up their own,” he said.
“We are helping people in Australia, India, Canada and across Europe and the UK. It is a young industry but it has the potential to play such a vital role in all our futures.
“Right now it is the most important thing we can do with seaweed.”
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England's lowest Test innings
- 45 v Australia in Sydney, January 28, 1887
- 46 v West Indies in Port of Spain, March 25, 1994
- 51 v West Indies in Kingston, February 4, 2009
- 52 v Australia at The Oval, August 14, 1948
- 53 v Australia at Lord's, July 16, 1888
- 58 v New Zealand in Auckland, March 22, 2018
Company Profile
Name: Thndr
Started: 2019
Co-founders: Ahmad Hammouda and Seif Amr
Sector: FinTech
Headquarters: Egypt
UAE base: Hub71, Abu Dhabi
Current number of staff: More than 150
Funds raised: $22 million
Essentials
The flights
Whether you trek after mountain gorillas in Rwanda, Uganda or the Congo, the most convenient international airport is in Rwanda’s capital city, Kigali. There are direct flights from Dubai a couple of days a week with RwandAir. Otherwise, an indirect route is available via Nairobi with Kenya Airways. Flydubai flies to Kinshasa in the Democratic Republic of Congo, via Entebbe in Uganda. Expect to pay from US$350 (Dh1,286) return, including taxes.
The tours
Superb ape-watching tours that take in all three gorilla countries mentioned above are run by Natural World Safaris. In September, the company will be operating a unique Ugandan ape safari guided by well-known primatologist Ben Garrod.
In the Democratic Republic of Congo, local operator Kivu Travel can organise pretty much any kind of safari throughout the Virunga National Park and elsewhere in eastern Congo.
In numbers: China in Dubai
The number of Chinese people living in Dubai: An estimated 200,000
Number of Chinese people in International City: Almost 50,000
Daily visitors to Dragon Mart in 2018/19: 120,000
Daily visitors to Dragon Mart in 2010: 20,000
Percentage increase in visitors in eight years: 500 per cent
What the law says
Micro-retirement is not a recognised concept or employment status under Federal Decree Law No. 33 of 2021 on the Regulation of Labour Relations (as amended) (UAE Labour Law). As such, it reflects a voluntary work-life balance practice, rather than a recognised legal employment category, according to Dilini Loku, senior associate for law firm Gateley Middle East.
“Some companies may offer formal sabbatical policies or career break programmes; however, beyond such arrangements, there is no automatic right or statutory entitlement to extended breaks,” she explains.
“Any leave taken beyond statutory entitlements, such as annual leave, is typically regarded as unpaid leave in accordance with Article 33 of the UAE Labour Law. While employees may legally take unpaid leave, such requests are subject to the employer’s discretion and require approval.”
If an employee resigns to pursue micro-retirement, the employment contract is terminated, and the employer is under no legal obligation to rehire the employee in the future unless specific contractual agreements are in place (such as return-to-work arrangements), which are generally uncommon, Ms Loku adds.
RESULTS
6.30pm: Handicap (TB) $68,000 (Dirt) 1,600m
Winner: Hypothetical, Mickael Barzalona (jockey), Salem bin Ghadayer (trainer)
7.05pm: Meydan Sprint – Group 2 (TB) $163,000 (Turf) 1,000m
Winner: Equilateral, Andrea Atzeni, Charles Hills
7.40pm: Curlin Stakes – Listed Handicap (TB) $88,000 (D) 2,200m
Winner: New Trails, Fernando Jara, Ahmad bin Harmash
8.15pm: UAE Oaks – Group 3 (TB) $125,000 (D) 1,900m
Winner: Mnasek, Pat Dobbs, Doug Watson
8.50pm: Zabeel Mile – Group 2 (TB) $163,000 (T) 1,600m
Winner: D’bai, William Buick, Charlie Appleby
9.25pm: Balanchine – Group 2 (TB) $163,000 (T) 1,800m
Winner: Summer Romance, James Doyle, Charlie Appleby
10pm: Al Shindagha Sprint – Group 3 (TB) $130,000 (D) 1,200m
Winner: Al Tariq, Pat Dobbs, Doug Watson
The years Ramadan fell in May
More from Neighbourhood Watch:
MATCH INFO
Uefa Champions League, last-16. first leg
Atletico Madrid v Juventus, midnight (Thursday), BeIN Sports
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
THE BIO
Mr Al Qassimi is 37 and lives in Dubai
He is a keen drummer and loves gardening
His favourite way to unwind is spending time with his two children and cooking
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GAC GS8 Specs
Engine: 2.0-litre 4cyl turbo
Power: 248hp at 5,200rpm
Torque: 400Nm at 1,750-4,000rpm
Transmission: 8-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 9.1L/100km
On sale: Now
Price: From Dh149,900
Farage on Muslim Brotherhood
Nigel Farage told Reform's annual conference that the party will proscribe the Muslim Brotherhood if he becomes Prime Minister.
"We will stop dangerous organisations with links to terrorism operating in our country," he said. "Quite why we've been so gutless about this – both Labour and Conservative – I don't know.
“All across the Middle East, countries have banned and proscribed the Muslim Brotherhood as a dangerous organisation. We will do the very same.”
It is 10 years since a ground-breaking report into the Muslim Brotherhood by Sir John Jenkins.
Among the former diplomat's findings was an assessment that “the use of extreme violence in the pursuit of the perfect Islamic society” has “never been institutionally disowned” by the movement.
The prime minister at the time, David Cameron, who commissioned the report, said membership or association with the Muslim Brotherhood was a "possible indicator of extremism" but it would not be banned.
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Key figures in the life of the fort
Sheikh Dhiyab bin Isa (ruled 1761-1793) Built Qasr Al Hosn as a watchtower to guard over the only freshwater well on Abu Dhabi island.
Sheikh Shakhbut bin Dhiyab (ruled 1793-1816) Expanded the tower into a small fort and transferred his ruling place of residence from Liwa Oasis to the fort on the island.
Sheikh Tahnoon bin Shakhbut (ruled 1818-1833) Expanded Qasr Al Hosn further as Abu Dhabi grew from a small village of palm huts to a town of more than 5,000 inhabitants.
Sheikh Khalifa bin Shakhbut (ruled 1833-1845) Repaired and fortified the fort.
Sheikh Saeed bin Tahnoon (ruled 1845-1855) Turned Qasr Al Hosn into a strong two-storied structure.
Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa (ruled 1855-1909) Expanded Qasr Al Hosn further to reflect the emirate's increasing prominence.
Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan (ruled 1928-1966) Renovated and enlarged Qasr Al Hosn, adding a decorative arch and two new villas.
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan (ruled 1966-2004) Moved the royal residence to Al Manhal palace and kept his diwan at Qasr Al Hosn.
Sources: Jayanti Maitra, www.adach.ae
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The five pillars of Islam
HWJN
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AI traffic lights to ease congestion at seven points to Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Street
The seven points are:
Shakhbout bin Sultan Street
Dhafeer Street
Hadbat Al Ghubainah Street (outbound)
Salama bint Butti Street
Al Dhafra Street
Rabdan Street
Umm Yifina Street exit (inbound)
10 tips for entry-level job seekers
- Have an up-to-date, professional LinkedIn profile. If you don’t have a LinkedIn account, set one up today. Avoid poor-quality profile pictures with distracting backgrounds. Include a professional summary and begin to grow your network.
- Keep track of the job trends in your sector through the news. Apply for job alerts at your dream organisations and the types of jobs you want – LinkedIn uses AI to share similar relevant jobs based on your selections.
- Double check that you’ve highlighted relevant skills on your resume and LinkedIn profile.
- For most entry-level jobs, your resume will first be filtered by an applicant tracking system for keywords. Look closely at the description of the job you are applying for and mirror the language as much as possible (while being honest and accurate about your skills and experience).
- Keep your CV professional and in a simple format – make sure you tailor your cover letter and application to the company and role.
- Go online and look for details on job specifications for your target position. Make a list of skills required and set yourself some learning goals to tick off all the necessary skills one by one.
- Don’t be afraid to reach outside your immediate friends and family to other acquaintances and let them know you are looking for new opportunities.
- Make sure you’ve set your LinkedIn profile to signal that you are “open to opportunities”. Also be sure to use LinkedIn to search for people who are still actively hiring by searching for those that have the headline “I’m hiring” or “We’re hiring” in their profile.
- Prepare for online interviews using mock interview tools. Even before landing interviews, it can be useful to start practising.
- Be professional and patient. Always be professional with whoever you are interacting with throughout your search process, this will be remembered. You need to be patient, dedicated and not give up on your search. Candidates need to make sure they are following up appropriately for roles they have applied.
Arda Atalay, head of Mena private sector at LinkedIn Talent Solutions, Rudy Bier, managing partner of Kinetic Business Solutions and Ben Kinerman Daltrey, co-founder of KinFitz
Labour dispute
The insured employee may still file an ILOE claim even if a labour dispute is ongoing post termination, but the insurer may suspend or reject payment, until the courts resolve the dispute, especially if the reason for termination is contested. The outcome of the labour court proceedings can directly affect eligibility.
- Abdullah Ishnaneh, Partner, BSA Law
The Specs
Engine 3.8-litre, twin-turbo V8
Transmission: eight-speed automatic
Power: 582bhp (542bhp in GTS model)
Torque: 730Nm
Price: Dh649,000 (Dh549,000 for GTS)
FIGHT%20CARD
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Wayne Rooney's career
Everton (2002-2004)
- Appearances: 48
- Goals: 17
Manchester United (2004-2017)
- Appearances: 496
- Goals: 253
England (2003-)
- Appearances: 119
- Goals: 53
RESULTS
6.30pm Al Maktoum Challenge Round-2 – Group 1 (PA) $49,000 (Dirt) 1,900m
Winner RB Frynchh Dude, Pat Cosgrave (jockey), Helal Al Alawi (trainer)
7.05pm Al Bastakiya Trial – Conditions (TB) $50,000 (D) 1,900m
Winner El Patriota, Vagner Leal, Antonio Cintra
7.40pm Zabeel Turf – Listed (TB) $88,000 (Turf) 2,000m
Winner Ya Hayati, Mickael Barzalona, Charlie Appleby
8.15pm Cape Verdi – Group 2 (TB) $163,000 (T) 1,600m
Winner Althiqa, James Doyle, Charlie Appleby
8.50pm UAE 1000 Guineas – Listed (TB) $125,000 (D) 1,600m
Winner Soft Whisper, Frankie Dettori, Saeed bin Suroor
9.25pm Handicap (TB) $68,000 (T) 1,600m
Winner Bedouin’s Story, Frankie Dettori, Saeed bin Suroor
Under 19 Cricket World Cup, Asia Qualifier
Fixtures
Friday, April 12, Malaysia v UAE
Saturday, April 13, UAE v Nepal
Monday, April 15, UAE v Kuwait
Tuesday, April 16, UAE v Singapore
Thursday, April 18, UAE v Oman
UAE squad
Aryan Lakra (captain), Aaron Benjamin, Akasha Mohammed, Alishan Sharafu, Anand Kumar, Ansh Tandon, Ashwanth Valthapa, Karthik Meiyappan, Mohammed Faraazuddin, Rishab Mukherjee, Niel Lobo, Osama Hassan, Vritya Aravind, Wasi Shah
Our family matters legal consultant
Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
The advice provided in our columns does not constitute legal advice and is provided for information only. Readers are encouraged to seek independent legal advice.
MATCH INFO
Rajasthan Royals 158-8 (20 ovs)
Kings XI Punjab 143/7 (20 ovs)
Rajasthan Royals won by 15 runs
Fines for littering
In Dubai:
Dh200 for littering or spitting in the Dubai Metro
Dh500 for throwing cigarette butts or chewing gum on the floor, or littering from a vehicle.
Dh1,000 for littering on a beach, spitting in public places, throwing a cigarette butt from a vehicle
In Sharjah and other emirates
Dh500 for littering - including cigarette butts and chewing gum - in public places and beaches in Sharjah
Dh2,000 for littering in Sharjah deserts
Dh500 for littering from a vehicle in Ras Al Khaimah
Dh1,000 for littering from a car in Abu Dhabi
Dh1,000 to Dh100,000 for dumping waste in residential or public areas in Al Ain
Dh10,000 for littering at Ajman's beaches
Medicus AI
Started: 2016
Founder(s): Dr Baher Al Hakim, Dr Nadine Nehme and Makram Saleh
Based: Vienna, Austria; started in Dubai
Sector: Health Tech
Staff: 119
Funding: €7.7 million (Dh31m)
