Incorporating shading, improving ventilation and taking other actions to reduce the warming effect of the UAE’s hot climate can cut air conditioning demand in buildings by 40 per cent or more, a new study has found.
The research highlights the importance of passive cooling measures, which can keep temperatures down without using electricity.
Air conditioning accounts for as much as 70 per cent of the UAE’s electricity consumption, so reductions in usage could have a significant effect on the country’s power demand and carbon emissions.
The new study looked at the energy consumption of a two-storey villa with three bedrooms, plus living areas, with space for eight people.
Cooling designs
“By adding some passive design strategies like thermal insulation material (including green roofing), shading devices, and ventilation, we could minimise the demand for energy load cooling,” researchers from the University of Sharjah wrote in the study.
“[The UAE] should always consider passive cooling design in all residential, commercial and industrial buildings as a developing country.”
A green roof is one covered with vegetation to reduce heat in urban areas.
The General Services Administration, a US government agency, says green roofing can cut the amount of heat transferred to a building from the roof by up to 72 per cent.
Shading devices, meanwhile, refer to physical shades - either horizontal or vertical - that are attached to a building or put near to it to block out the sun.
The new study, Applying Passive Cooling Strategies to Improve Energy Consumption of Governmental Housing in the UAE, was presented at a conference in Iraq and published online by the American Institute of Physics Publishing last month.
In a separate study released in Cleaner Energy Systems last year, scientists in Qatar and Canada wrote that the growth in energy demand in buildings because of “excessive use of air conditioning” was an “alarming concern in hot and humid climates”.
Analysts have previously said that the low price of electricity in the UAE means that relying on air conditioning is often the default approach when buildings are designed.
The villa at the centre of the new study was chosen as an example of the type of housing provided by the UAE government, although the outcomes apply equally to private sector properties.
Without passive cooling features, the building’s energy demand was estimated to be about 8,000 kilowatt hours in January and 11,000 kilowatt hours in August, when energy demand increased due to higher temperatures.
Using computer modelling techniques that have been shown to give similar results to real-world studies, the researchers looked at what effect adding insulation to the walls, windows and roof could have.
They found a marked reduction in the electricity demand, with a fall to 4,200 kilowatt hours in January and 8,300 kilowatt hours in August. This represents a reduction in electricity consumption of 47.5 per cent in January and about 25 per cent in August.
Simple solutions
While its effects were smaller, shading also resulted in a fall in electricity consumption, to 7,000 kilowatt hours in January and 11,000 kilowatt hours in August.
A traditional way to achieve passive cooling in the UAE has been to incorporate a wind tower into a building, as this promotes airflow. Researchers found that adding one to their villa cut electricity use to 6,000 kilowatt hours and 8,000 kilowatt hours in January and August.
Ensuring that the building and its openings, such as windows, were orientated also helped to reduce heating cut demand.
If all measures were used together, consumption was 4,000 kilowatt hours in January – about half what it was with no passive cooling features – and 7,000 kilowatt hours in August, a reduction of about 42 per cent compared to the original villa.
“Overall, there is a possibility of reducing the cooling load by more than 40 per cent after applying these passive cooling strategies and saving up to 10 metric tonnes [of carbon dioxide] per year, which helps reduce global warming,” the researchers wrote.
Prof Emad Mushtaha, who chairs the Architectural Engineering Department at the University of Sharjah, said all the measures outlined in the study could be incorporated into buildings in the UAE, either at the design stage or after construction.
“All the proposed strategies are doable and can be implemented in the new design and retrofitted,” he said.
He said that while passive cooling measures could reduce the demand for air conditioning, they do not eliminate the need for it.
“The issue here is that in the UAE, passive design can only reduce a certain amount of energy consumption, but cannot achieve thermal comfort alone due to extreme temperatures. So the active system is important to achieve thermal comfort,” he said.
Globally, the number of air conditioning units is expected to triple by 2050, according to World Bank figures, as countries develop and demand increases amid rising average temperatures.
Over time, air conditioning units are likely to become more efficient, so the expected tripling in the number of installations is expected to result in a doubling of electricity consumption for air conditioning by the middle of the century.
The UAE is heavily involved in efforts to reduce electricity consumption by air conditioning units. In 2022, Strata, the aerospace unit of Mubadala, Abu Dhabi’s sovereign investor, signed a partnership with an AI company and an industrial 3D printing firm to develop an air conditioner 10 times as efficient as current models.
Wicked: For Good
Director: Jon M Chu
Starring: Ariana Grande, Cynthia Erivo, Jonathan Bailey, Jeff Goldblum, Michelle Yeoh, Ethan Slater
Rating: 4/5
How much of your income do you need to save?
The more you save, the sooner you can retire. Tuan Phan, a board member of SimplyFI.com, says if you save just 5 per cent of your salary, you can expect to work for another 66 years before you are able to retire without too large a drop in income.
In other words, you will not save enough to retire comfortably. If you save 15 per cent, you can forward to another 43 working years. Up that to 40 per cent of your income, and your remaining working life drops to just 22 years. (see table)
Obviously, this is only a rough guide. How much you save will depend on variables, not least your salary and how much you already have in your pension pot. But it shows what you need to do to achieve financial independence.
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Where to Find Me by Alba Arikha
Alma Books
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
THE SPECS
Engine: 2.0-litre 4-cylinder turbo
Power: 275hp at 6,600rpm
Torque: 353Nm from 1,450-4,700rpm
Transmission: 8-speed dual-clutch auto
Top speed: 250kph
Fuel consumption: 6.8L/100km
On sale: Now
Price: Dh146,999
How has net migration to UK changed?
The figure was broadly flat immediately before the Covid-19 pandemic, standing at 216,000 in the year to June 2018 and 224,000 in the year to June 2019.
It then dropped to an estimated 111,000 in the year to June 2020 when restrictions introduced during the pandemic limited travel and movement.
The total rose to 254,000 in the year to June 2021, followed by steep jumps to 634,000 in the year to June 2022 and 906,000 in the year to June 2023.
The latest available figure of 728,000 for the 12 months to June 2024 suggests levels are starting to decrease.
Tamkeen's offering
- Option 1: 70% in year 1, 50% in year 2, 30% in year 3
- Option 2: 50% across three years
- Option 3: 30% across five years
LILO & STITCH
Starring: Sydney Elizebeth Agudong, Maia Kealoha, Chris Sanders
Director: Dean Fleischer Camp
Rating: 4.5/5
UAE SQUAD
Mohammed Naveed (captain), Mohamed Usman (vice captain), Ashfaq Ahmed, Chirag Suri, Shaiman Anwar, Mohammed Boota, Ghulam Shabber, Imran Haider, Tahir Mughal, Amir Hayat, Zahoor Khan, Qadeer Ahmed, Fahad Nawaz, Abdul Shakoor, Sultan Ahmed, CP Rizwan
Conservative MPs who have publicly revealed sending letters of no confidence
- Steve Baker
- Peter Bone
- Ben Bradley
- Andrew Bridgen
- Maria Caulfield
- Simon Clarke
- Philip Davies
- Nadine Dorries
- James Duddridge
- Mark Francois
- Chris Green
- Adam Holloway
- Andrea Jenkyns
- Anne-Marie Morris
- Sheryll Murray
- Jacob Rees-Mogg
- Laurence Robertson
- Lee Rowley
- Henry Smith
- Martin Vickers
- John Whittingdale
Five hymns the crowds can join in
Papal Mass will begin at 10.30am at the Zayed Sports City Stadium on Tuesday
Some 17 hymns will be sung by a 120-strong UAE choir
Five hymns will be rehearsed with crowds on Tuesday morning before the Pope arrives at stadium
‘Christ be our Light’ as the entrance song
‘All that I am’ for the offertory or during the symbolic offering of gifts at the altar
‘Make me a Channel of your Peace’ and ‘Soul of my Saviour’ for the communion
‘Tell out my Soul’ as the final hymn after the blessings from the Pope
The choir will also sing the hymn ‘Legions of Heaven’ in Arabic as ‘Assakiroo Sama’
There are 15 Arabic speakers from Syria, Lebanon and Jordan in the choir that comprises residents from the Philippines, India, France, Italy, America, Netherlands, Armenia and Indonesia
The choir will be accompanied by a brass ensemble and an organ
They will practice for the first time at the stadium on the eve of the public mass on Monday evening
Groom and Two Brides
Director: Elie Semaan
Starring: Abdullah Boushehri, Laila Abdallah, Lulwa Almulla
Rating: 3/5
Company%20Profile
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Adele: The Stories Behind The Songs
Caroline Sullivan
Carlton Books
More on animal trafficking
The specs: 2018 Renault Megane
Price, base / as tested Dh52,900 / Dh59,200
Engine 1.6L in-line four-cylinder
Transmission Continuously variable transmission
Power 115hp @ 5,500rpm
Torque 156Nm @ 4,000rpm
Fuel economy, combined 6.6L / 100km
ACC 2019: The winners in full
Best Actress Maha Alemi, Sofia
Best Actor Mohamed Dhrif, Weldi
Best Screenplay Meryem Benm’Barek, Sofia
Best Documentary Of Fathers and Sons by Talal Derki
Best Film Yomeddine by Abu Bakr Shawky
Best Director Nadine Labaki, Capernaum
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Our legal columnist
Name: Yousef Al Bahar
Advocate at Al Bahar & Associate Advocates and Legal Consultants, established in 1994
Education: Mr Al Bahar was born in 1979 and graduated in 2008 from the Judicial Institute. He took after his father, who was one of the first Emirati lawyers
The National Archives, Abu Dhabi
Founded over 50 years ago, the National Archives collects valuable historical material relating to the UAE, and is the oldest and richest archive relating to the Arabian Gulf.
Much of the material can be viewed on line at the Arabian Gulf Digital Archive - https://www.agda.ae/en
more from Janine di Giovanni
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ICC men's cricketer of the year
2004 - Rahul Dravid (IND) ; 2005 - Jacques Kallis (SA) and Andrew Flintoff (ENG); 2006 - Ricky Ponting (AUS); 2007 - Ricky Ponting; 2008 - Shivnarine Chanderpaul (WI); 2009 - Mitchell Johnson (AUS); 2010 - Sachin Tendulkar (IND); 2011 - Jonathan Trott (ENG); 2012 - Kumar Sangakkara (SL); 2013 - Michael Clarke (AUS); 2014 - Mitchell Johnson; 2015 - Steve Smith (AUS); 2016 - Ravichandran Ashwin (IND); 2017 - Virat Kohli (IND); 2018 - Virat Kohli; 2019 - Ben Stokes (ENG); 2021 - Shaheen Afridi
How to apply for a drone permit
- Individuals must register on UAE Drone app or website using their UAE Pass
- Add all their personal details, including name, nationality, passport number, Emiratis ID, email and phone number
- Upload the training certificate from a centre accredited by the GCAA
- Submit their request
What are the regulations?
- Fly it within visual line of sight
- Never over populated areas
- Ensure maximum flying height of 400 feet (122 metres) above ground level is not crossed
- Users must avoid flying over restricted areas listed on the UAE Drone app
- Only fly the drone during the day, and never at night
- Should have a live feed of the drone flight
- Drones must weigh 5 kg or less
How to wear a kandura
Dos
- Wear the right fabric for the right season and occasion
- Always ask for the dress code if you don’t know
- Wear a white kandura, white ghutra / shemagh (headwear) and black shoes for work
- Wear 100 per cent cotton under the kandura as most fabrics are polyester
Don’ts
- Wear hamdania for work, always wear a ghutra and agal
- Buy a kandura only based on how it feels; ask questions about the fabric and understand what you are buying
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Generational responses to the pandemic
Devesh Mamtani from Century Financial believes the cash-hoarding tendency of each generation is influenced by what stage of the employment cycle they are in. He offers the following insights:
Baby boomers (those born before 1964): Owing to market uncertainty and the need to survive amid competition, many in this generation are looking for options to hoard more cash and increase their overall savings/investments towards risk-free assets.
Generation X (born between 1965 and 1980): Gen X is currently in its prime working years. With their personal and family finances taking a hit, Generation X is looking at multiple options, including taking out short-term loan facilities with competitive interest rates instead of dipping into their savings account.
Millennials (born between 1981 and 1996): This market situation is giving them a valuable lesson about investing early. Many millennials who had previously not saved or invested are looking to start doing so now.
Company profile
Name: Oulo.com
Founder: Kamal Nazha
Based: Dubai
Founded: 2020
Number of employees: 5
Sector: Technology
Funding: $450,000
The specs
Engine: 2-litre 4-cylinder and 3.6-litre 6-cylinder
Power: 220 and 280 horsepower
Torque: 350 and 360Nm
Transmission: eight-speed automatic
Price: from Dh136,521 VAT and Dh166,464 VAT
On sale: now
Skewed figures
In the village of Mevagissey in southwest England the housing stock has doubled in the last century while the number of residents is half the historic high. The village's Neighbourhood Development Plan states that 26% of homes are holiday retreats. Prices are high, averaging around £300,000, £50,000 more than the Cornish average of £250,000. The local average wage is £15,458.
Essentials
The flights
Etihad and Emirates fly direct from the UAE to Delhi from about Dh950 return including taxes.
The hotels
Double rooms at Tijara Fort-Palace cost from 6,670 rupees (Dh377), including breakfast.
Doubles at Fort Bishangarh cost from 29,030 rupees (Dh1,641), including breakfast. Doubles at Narendra Bhawan cost from 15,360 rupees (Dh869). Doubles at Chanoud Garh cost from 19,840 rupees (Dh1,122), full board. Doubles at Fort Begu cost from 10,000 rupees (Dh565), including breakfast.
The tours
Amar Grover travelled with Wild Frontiers. A tailor-made, nine-day itinerary via New Delhi, with one night in Tijara and two nights in each of the remaining properties, including car/driver, costs from £1,445 (Dh6,968) per person.
Islamophobia definition
A widely accepted definition was made by the All Party Parliamentary Group on British Muslims in 2019: “Islamophobia is rooted in racism and is a type of racism that targets expressions of Muslimness or perceived Muslimness.” It further defines it as “inciting hatred or violence against Muslims”.
