Milestones on the road to union
1970
October 26: Bahrain withdraws from a proposal to create a federation of nine with the seven Trucial States and Qatar.
December: Ahmed Al Suwaidi visits New York to discuss potential UN membership.
1971
March 1: Alex Douglas Hume, Conservative foreign secretary confirms that Britain will leave the Gulf and “strongly supports” the creation of a Union of Arab Emirates.
July 12: Historic meeting at which Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid make a binding agreement to create what will become the UAE.
July 18: It is announced that the UAE will be formed from six emirates, with a proposed constitution signed. RAK is not yet part of the agreement.
August 6: The fifth anniversary of Sheikh Zayed becoming Ruler of Abu Dhabi, with official celebrations deferred until later in the year.
August 15: Bahrain becomes independent.
September 3: Qatar becomes independent.
November 23-25: Meeting with Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid and senior British officials to fix December 2 as date of creation of the UAE.
November 29: At 5.30pm Iranian forces seize the Greater and Lesser Tunbs by force.
November 30: Despite a power sharing agreement, Tehran takes full control of Abu Musa.
November 31: UK officials visit all six participating Emirates to formally end the Trucial States treaties
December 2: 11am, Dubai. New Supreme Council formally elects Sheikh Zayed as President. Treaty of Friendship signed with the UK. 11.30am. Flag raising ceremony at Union House and Al Manhal Palace in Abu Dhabi witnessed by Sheikh Khalifa, then Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi.
December 6: Arab League formally admits the UAE. The first British Ambassador presents his credentials to Sheikh Zayed.
December 9: UAE joins the United Nations.
It is December 2, 1970. The date has no significance in the calendar of the UAE, a country that in any case, does not yet exist, except as an idea.
All that is certain is the clock is ticking. In 12 months, Britain will leave the Arabian Gulf after well over a century of rule.
The empire is gone, and London no longer has the money or motivation to defend a region so far from its shores.
For the people of those lands, British protectorates that include Bahrain, Qatar, and the seven emirates of Abu Dhabi, Dubai, Sharjah, Ras Al Khaimah, Fujairah, Ajman and Umm al Quwain, known as the Trucial States, the future is clouded with uncertainty.
Only in Abu Dhabi’s Al Manhal Palace is there confidence and resolve. It is here that the Ruler, Sheikh Zayed, confers daily with a tight knit circle of his closest advisers to plan a new country.
In 12 months' time, on December 2, 2021, the UAE will celebrate its 50th anniversary. What seems today like a clear path to nationhood, was at the time a road full of many twists and difficulties.
Talks had dragged on for nearly three years. The original goal of a nine-strong “Union of Arab Emirates” that would include Bahrain and Qatar is beginning to crumble.
By October 1970, Bahrain had declared it would go it alone, withdrawing from further talks on a draft constitution for the new union as a prelude to independence the following August. Qatar would shortly do the same.
Meanwhile, Iran prowled like a hungry predator waiting for the British warships and fighter aircraft to leave. Tehran continued to press an old imperial Persian claim over Bahrain as its “14th Province”, while casting covetous eyes over Sharjah’s Abu Musa island, and the Greater and Lesser Tunbs, offshore possessions of Ras Al Khaimah.
The best – probably the only – hope for survival, Sheikh Zayed knew, was for the remaining seven to become one.
There is strong evidence that he saw this coming long before Britain’s centre-left Labour government abandoned its commitment to protect the Gulf in 1968.
A year earlier, when Ruler for barely a year, Sheikh Zayed had puzzled British officials by making a formal request for full copies of all 18 agreements and treaties between London and Abu Dhabi.
Now, in December 1970, he confounded Britain again, this time by sending perhaps his closest adviser, the future Minister of Foreign Affairs, Ahmed Al Suwaidi to New York for preliminary talks about United Nations membership, dismissed by London as “freelance activity".
The first six months of 1971 brought little in the way of good news. In early March, the UK foreign minister, Alec Douglas-Home, affirmed in parliament that all existing treaties protecting the region “will cease by the end of 1971".
British diplomats spent much of the first months of 1971 taking the temperature from Washington to the capitals of the Middle East, attempting to assess the viability of the proposed new country, which despite Abu Dhabi’s new oil wealth would have a fragile and fragmented infrastructure.
Promises were made of continuing military support, including developing the existing Trucial Oman Scouts as a new national army. But behind the scenes there was growing pessimism.
“So far little practical progress has been made in spite of very great efforts on our part,” Antony Acland, a senior British diplomat who had served in Dubai, reported in January.
Another confidential briefing, prepared for the UK foreign secretary that month, noted that future planning was “based on the proposition that there will be a viable Union. This is unlikely.”
To the question “What will happen if there is no Union?”, the foreign secretary responded “There remains a general recognition in the area that the very small states of the Trucial Coast can no longer retain a wholly separate identity in the world of today.”
Events came to a climax in July. A meeting of all seven Rulers at Sheikh Rashid’s Jumeirah majlis on July 10 made little progress. Privately, British officials watching the negotiations began to worry that the Northern Emirates might instead seek closer ties with Oman or Saudi Arabia.
A man would give a lot for something he deems precious. And the union is the most precious of things
Yet, just two days later, the deal was done. Meeting in private, Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid made a binding pledge to create a union of their emirates.
On July 18, 1971 the formal announcement was made of a signed temporary constitution of the UAE beginning with the words “It is our desire and the desire of our people of our emirates to establish a union between these emirates to promote a better life, more enduring stability and a higher international status for the emirates and their people".
Many obstacles remained but the momentum was now unstoppable. On August 6, Sheikh Zayed postponed celebrations for the 5th anniversary of his accession until the end of November, observing “It is the establishment of the union which compels us all to give it all the effort and hard work we can to fulfil the will of the people in this region".
Iran proved the major stumbling block. Diplomatic pressure forced Tehran to give up its claims on Bahrain, which achieved full independence on August 15, followed by Qatar on September 3.
The unborn UAE was forced to wait longer and talks dragged on. In the end, an attempt to broker a power-sharing deal over Abu Musa saw Iran use military action on the evening of November 30 to take over the island.
At the same time, it seized the Greater and Lesser Tunbs, despite heroic resistance that would see the death of a local policemen, Salem bin Khamis, whose name many years later would become the first carved on the Wahat Al Karama memorial to those killed in service to their country.
The date for the foundation of the UAE was finally agreed on November 25, and set for just a week later, on December 2. A day before what would become National Day, a confident Sheikh Zayed gave an interview to Al Ittihad newspaper.
“A man would give a lot for something he deems precious,” the man, who in 24 hours would become the UAE’s first President, told his people.
“And the union is the most precious of things.”
_________________
Sheikh Zayed and the story of a nation
The bio
Favourite food: Japanese
Favourite car: Lamborghini
Favourite hobby: Football
Favourite quote: If your dreams don’t scare you, they are not big enough
Favourite country: UAE
UAE v IRELAND
All matches start at 10am, and will be played in Abu Dhabi
1st ODI, Friday, January 8
2nd ODI, Sunday, January 10
3rd ODI, Tuesday, January 12
4th ODI, Thursday, January 14
ARGYLLE
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The specs
Engine: 3.8-litre V6
Power: 295hp at 6,000rpm
Torque: 355Nm at 5,200rpm
Transmission: 8-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 10.7L/100km
Price: Dh179,999-plus
On sale: now
Understand What Black Is
The Last Poets
(Studio Rockers)
McLaren GT specs
Engine: 4-litre twin-turbo V8
Transmission: seven-speed
Power: 620bhp
Torque: 630Nm
Price: Dh875,000
On sale: now
Arrogate's winning run
1. Maiden Special Weight, Santa Anita Park, June 5, 2016
2. Allowance Optional Claiming, Santa Anita Park, June 24, 2016
3. Allowance Optional Claiming, Del Mar, August 4, 2016
4. Travers Stakes, Saratoga, August 27, 2016
5. Breeders' Cup Classic, Santa Anita Park, November 5, 2016
6. Pegasus World Cup, Gulfstream Park, January 28, 2017
7. Dubai World Cup, Meydan Racecourse, March 25, 2017
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Sole survivors
- Cecelia Crocker was on board Northwest Airlines Flight 255 in 1987 when it crashed in Detroit, killing 154 people, including her parents and brother. The plane had hit a light pole on take off
- George Lamson Jr, from Minnesota, was on a Galaxy Airlines flight that crashed in Reno in 1985, killing 68 people. His entire seat was launched out of the plane
- Bahia Bakari, then 12, survived when a Yemenia Airways flight crashed near the Comoros in 2009, killing 152. She was found clinging to wreckage after floating in the ocean for 13 hours.
- Jim Polehinke was the co-pilot and sole survivor of a 2006 Comair flight that crashed in Lexington, Kentucky, killing 49.
Global state-owned investor ranking by size
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United States
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China
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UAE
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Japan
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Norway
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Canada
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Singapore
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Australia
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South Korea
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Killing of Qassem Suleimani
Killing of Qassem Suleimani
HOW DO SIM CARD SCAMS WORK?
Sim swap frauds are a form of identity theft.
They involve criminals conning mobile phone operators into issuing them with replacement Sim cards, often by claiming their phone has been lost or stolen
They use the victim's personal details - obtained through criminal methods - to convince such companies of their identity.
The criminal can then access any online service that requires security codes to be sent to a user's mobile phone, such as banking services.
Three ways to limit your social media use
Clinical psychologist, Dr Saliha Afridi at The Lighthouse Arabia suggests three easy things you can do every day to cut back on the time you spend online.
1. Put the social media app in a folder on the second or third screen of your phone so it has to remain a conscious decision to open, rather than something your fingers gravitate towards without consideration.
2. Schedule a time to use social media instead of consistently throughout the day. I recommend setting aside certain times of the day or week when you upload pictures or share information.
3. Take a mental snapshot rather than a photo on your phone. Instead of sharing it with your social world, try to absorb the moment, connect with your feeling, experience the moment with all five of your senses. You will have a memory of that moment more vividly and for far longer than if you take a picture of it.
'Peninsula'
Stars: Gang Dong-won, Lee Jung-hyun, Lee Ra
Director: Yeon Sang-ho
Rating: 2/5
'Panga'
Directed by Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari
Starring Kangana Ranaut, Richa Chadha, Jassie Gill, Yagya Bhasin, Neena Gupta
Rating: 3.5/5
Jawan
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The specs
Engine: 2.0-litre 4-cylinder turbo hybrid
Transmission: eight-speed automatic
Power: 390bhp
Torque: 400Nm
Price: Dh340,000 ($92,579
MATCH INFO
Uefa Champions League semi-finals, first leg
Liverpool v Roma
When: April 24, 10.45pm kick-off (UAE)
Where: Anfield, Liverpool
Live: BeIN Sports HD
Second leg: May 2, Stadio Olimpico, Rome
Ferrari 12Cilindri specs
Engine: naturally aspirated 6.5-liter V12
Power: 819hp
Torque: 678Nm at 7,250rpm
Price: From Dh1,700,000
Available: Now
West Asia rugby, season 2017/18 - Roll of Honour
Western Clubs Champions League - Winners: Abu Dhabi Harlequins; Runners up: Bahrain
Dubai Rugby Sevens - Winners: Dubai Exiles; Runners up: Jebel Ali Dragons
West Asia Premiership - Winners: Jebel Ali Dragons; Runners up: Abu Dhabi Harlequins
UAE Premiership Cup - Winners: Abu Dhabi Harlequins; Runners up: Dubai Exiles
UAE Premiership - Winners: Dubai Exiles; Runners up: Abu Dhabi Harlequins
BIGGEST CYBER SECURITY INCIDENTS IN RECENT TIMES
SolarWinds supply chain attack: Came to light in December 2020 but had taken root for several months, compromising major tech companies, governments and its entities
Microsoft Exchange server exploitation: March 2021; attackers used a vulnerability to steal emails
Kaseya attack: July 2021; ransomware hit perpetrated REvil, resulting in severe downtime for more than 1,000 companies
Log4j breach: December 2021; attackers exploited the Java-written code to inflitrate businesses and governments
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
THE DRAFT
The final phase of player recruitment for the T10 League has taken place, with UAE and Indian players being drafted to each of the eight teams.
Bengal Tigers
UAE players: Chirag Suri, Mohammed Usman
Indian: Zaheer Khan
Karachians
UAE players: Ahmed Raza, Ghulam Shabber
Indian: Pravin Tambe
Kerala Kings
UAE players: Mohammed Naveed, Abdul Shakoor
Indian: RS Sodhi
Maratha Arabians
UAE players: Zahoor Khan, Amir Hayat
Indian: S Badrinath
Northern Warriors
UAE players: Imran Haider, Rahul Bhatia
Indian: Amitoze Singh
Pakhtoons
UAE players: Hafiz Kaleem, Sheer Walli
Indian: RP Singh
Punjabi Legends
UAE players: Shaiman Anwar, Sandy Singh
Indian: Praveen Kumar
Rajputs
UAE players: Rohan Mustafa, Ashfaq Ahmed
Indian: Munaf Patel
AWARDS
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What drives subscription retailing?
Once the domain of newspaper home deliveries, subscription model retailing has combined with e-commerce to permeate myriad products and services.
The concept has grown tremendously around the world and is forecast to thrive further, according to UnivDatos Market Insights’ report on recent and predicted trends in the sector.
The global subscription e-commerce market was valued at $13.2 billion (Dh48.5bn) in 2018. It is forecast to touch $478.2bn in 2025, and include the entertainment, fitness, food, cosmetics, baby care and fashion sectors.
The report says subscription-based services currently constitute “a small trend within e-commerce”. The US hosts almost 70 per cent of recurring plan firms, including leaders Dollar Shave Club, Hello Fresh and Netflix. Walmart and Sephora are among longer established retailers entering the space.
UnivDatos cites younger and affluent urbanites as prime subscription targets, with women currently the largest share of end-users.
That’s expected to remain unchanged until 2025, when women will represent a $246.6bn market share, owing to increasing numbers of start-ups targeting women.
Personal care and beauty occupy the largest chunk of the worldwide subscription e-commerce market, with changing lifestyles, work schedules, customisation and convenience among the chief future drivers.
The specs
Engine: Four electric motors, one at each wheel
Power: 579hp
Torque: 859Nm
Transmission: Single-speed automatic
Price: From Dh825,900
On sale: Now
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Benefits of first-time home buyers' scheme
- Priority access to new homes from participating developers
- Discounts on sales price of off-plan units
- Flexible payment plans from developers
- Mortgages with better interest rates, faster approval times and reduced fees
- DLD registration fee can be paid through banks or credit cards at zero interest rates
Milestones on the road to union
1970
October 26: Bahrain withdraws from a proposal to create a federation of nine with the seven Trucial States and Qatar.
December: Ahmed Al Suwaidi visits New York to discuss potential UN membership.
1971
March 1: Alex Douglas Hume, Conservative foreign secretary confirms that Britain will leave the Gulf and “strongly supports” the creation of a Union of Arab Emirates.
July 12: Historic meeting at which Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid make a binding agreement to create what will become the UAE.
July 18: It is announced that the UAE will be formed from six emirates, with a proposed constitution signed. RAK is not yet part of the agreement.
August 6: The fifth anniversary of Sheikh Zayed becoming Ruler of Abu Dhabi, with official celebrations deferred until later in the year.
August 15: Bahrain becomes independent.
September 3: Qatar becomes independent.
November 23-25: Meeting with Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid and senior British officials to fix December 2 as date of creation of the UAE.
November 29: At 5.30pm Iranian forces seize the Greater and Lesser Tunbs by force.
November 30: Despite a power sharing agreement, Tehran takes full control of Abu Musa.
November 31: UK officials visit all six participating Emirates to formally end the Trucial States treaties
December 2: 11am, Dubai. New Supreme Council formally elects Sheikh Zayed as President. Treaty of Friendship signed with the UK. 11.30am. Flag raising ceremony at Union House and Al Manhal Palace in Abu Dhabi witnessed by Sheikh Khalifa, then Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi.
December 6: Arab League formally admits the UAE. The first British Ambassador presents his credentials to Sheikh Zayed.
December 9: UAE joins the United Nations.
