An image thought to have been taken in Sharjah in 1873. Photo: British Library
An image thought to have been taken in Sharjah in 1873. Photo: British Library
An image thought to have been taken in Sharjah in 1873. Photo: British Library
An image thought to have been taken in Sharjah in 1873. Photo: British Library

Could this be the oldest known photograph of the land now known as the UAE?


James Langton
  • English
  • Arabic

The oldest known photograph of the land now known as the UAE was an image of Qasr Al Hosn in Abu Dhabi, which is fitting because the watchtower was also the emirate's first structure. Taken in 1901, the photo was shot by Samuel Zwemer, an American missionary.

But now another photo has come to light – one thought to predate Zwemer's image by almost 30 years.

This photograph of Qasr Al Hosn in Abu Dhabi is believed to have been taken in 1901 by Samuel Zwemer. Photo: Three Journeys in Northern Oman
This photograph of Qasr Al Hosn in Abu Dhabi is believed to have been taken in 1901 by Samuel Zwemer. Photo: Three Journeys in Northern Oman

Taken in the 1870s, at a time when cameras were still a novelty, the black-and-white photo of Sharjah, seen from the water, has long been identified as one of Bahrain, but research has now concluded that its real location was 400km to the east.

The photo shows buildings and ships along the Sharjah waterfront from a sandbank that then separated the town from the Arabian Gulf. On the far left of the photo, a small boy can be seen wading in the water.

The photograph is part of an album of more than 200 images of sites in China, Italy, India and Scotland.

Currently held by the British Library, the catalogue names the owner as Sir James Robert Dunlop Smith, an official in the British Army. The album, however, was most likely put together by his son-in-law, Sir Charles Umpherston Aitchison, who held senior posts in Burma, now Myanmar, and the Punjab in northern India.

Sir Charles is unlikely to have taken the photographs himself, but bought them much as we now do souvenir postcards. The British based their headquarters in the Gulf in Bahrain, so it is likely he passed through there, perhaps buying the photo under the impression it showed Manama.

Digitalised as part of the Qatar Digital Library's online archive, the photograph has the original handwritten description “Bahrein”. Doubts about its accuracy were raised by Prof James Onley at the American University of Sharjah, who has also researched the Qatar archive.

The revised caption for the photo now says: “A gravelly area to the left in the foreground indicates that the photograph was taken from land, not from on board a ship. This photograph was previously identified as the view of the sea front in Bahrain, presumed to be either Manama or Muharraq.”

Examination of a map of Bahrain from the 1930s reveals there is no land in either city from which the photo could be been taken. On the other hand, another map in the archive made by a British naval officer in 1822 clearly shows a spit facing the old city of Sharjah.

More evidence comes from two of the towers in the photo that have distinctive triangular defensive features for firing on attackers. “The architectural style of the two defensive towers with their distinctive 'noses’ in the photograph's centre and centre-left is common in the UAE but unknown in Bahrain,” the caption explains.

As well as the boy, closer examination of the photo shows a large group of people gathered in front of a building near the water’s edge, an arish palm frond house, several dhows and, faintly visible, a flag flying on a large building in the middle.

There is no clue, however, as to the identity of the photographer. Many of the first photographers of the Middle East were Armenians living in what was then the Ottoman Empire. A Christian minority, many of them opened studios from Cairo to Jerusalem and Iraq.

Among those active in the 1870s were Antoin Sevruguin, who lived in what is now Iran after fleeing persecution in Russia. His photographs were popular with western visitors to the region. Others included Pascal Sebah, born to a Syrian Catholic father and Armenian mother, who had a studio in Cairo, and Rober Caracachian, who was based in Istanbul and whose images were popular among tourists.

A man using a box stereoscope camera in the late 1800s. A similar camera was probably used to capture the oldest known photo of Sharjah. Getty Images
A man using a box stereoscope camera in the late 1800s. A similar camera was probably used to capture the oldest known photo of Sharjah. Getty Images

What we do know is how the photograph was produced. It is an albumen print, a method first developed in 1847 in France and widely used until the end of the 19th century. It uses paper coated in a mixture of egg white and salt, then dipped in a solution of silver nitrate to make it sensitive to light.

Cameras from the 1870s used expensive and fragile metal or glass plates as film. They were bulky wooden boxes supported on a tripod and required long exposure times.

As a result, very few frames were taken, certainly in comparison with the billions of images from today’s smartphones. But it seems unlikely this photographer travelled all the way to Sharjah to take a single photo, raising the intriguing possibility that somewhere there are further examples of 19th-century life in the Emirates.

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Name: Back to Games and Boardgame Space

Started: Back to Games (2015); Boardgame Space (Mark Azzam became co-founder in 2017)

Founder: Back to Games (Mr Azzam); Boardgame Space (Mr Azzam and Feras Al Bastaki)

Based: Dubai and Abu Dhabi 

Industry: Back to Games (retail); Boardgame Space (wholesale and distribution) 

Funding: Back to Games: self-funded by Mr Azzam with Dh1.3 million; Mr Azzam invested Dh250,000 in Boardgame Space  

Growth: Back to Games: from 300 products in 2015 to 7,000 in 2019; Boardgame Space: from 34 games in 2017 to 3,500 in 2019

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Tony Booth, professor of education

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Gina MIller, anti-Brexit campaigner

Lord Smith, former Cabinet minister

Sandi Toksvig, broadcaster

 

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Legislative setbacks for the government have blown a new hole in the budgetary calculations at a time when the deficit is stubbornly large and the economy is struggling to grow. 

She appeared with Keir Starmer on Thursday and the pair embraced, but he had failed to give her his backing as she cried a day earlier.

A spokesman said her upset demeanour was due to a personal matter.

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Name: Kumulus Water
 
Started: 2021
 
Founders: Iheb Triki and Mohamed Ali Abid
 
Based: Tunisia 
 
Sector: Water technology 
 
Number of staff: 22 
 
Investment raised: $4 million 

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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Start-up hopes to end Japan's love affair with cash

Across most of Asia, people pay for taxi rides, restaurant meals and merchandise with smartphone-readable barcodes — except in Japan, where cash still rules. Now, as the country’s biggest web companies race to dominate the payments market, one Tokyo-based startup says it has a fighting chance to win with its QR app.

Origami had a head start when it introduced a QR-code payment service in late 2015 and has since signed up fast-food chain KFC, Tokyo’s largest cab company Nihon Kotsu and convenience store operator Lawson. The company raised $66 million in September to expand nationwide and plans to more than double its staff of about 100 employees, says founder Yoshiki Yasui.

Origami is betting that stores, which until now relied on direct mail and email newsletters, will pay for the ability to reach customers on their smartphones. For example, a hair salon using Origami’s payment app would be able to send a message to past customers with a coupon for their next haircut.

Quick Response codes, the dotted squares that can be read by smartphone cameras, were invented in the 1990s by a unit of Toyota Motor to track automotive parts. But when the Japanese pioneered digital payments almost two decades ago with contactless cards for train fares, they chose the so-called near-field communications technology. The high cost of rolling out NFC payments, convenient ATMs and a culture where lost wallets are often returned have all been cited as reasons why cash remains king in the archipelago. In China, however, QR codes dominate.

Cashless payments, which includes credit cards, accounted for just 20 per cent of total consumer spending in Japan during 2016, compared with 60 per cent in China and 89 per cent in South Korea, according to a report by the Bank of Japan.

UPI facts

More than 2.2 million Indian tourists arrived in UAE in 2023
More than 3.5 million Indians reside in UAE
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Indian residents in UAE can use their non-resident NRO and NRE accounts held in Indian banks linked to a UAE mobile number for UPI transactions

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Education: Mr Al Bahar was born in 1979 and graduated in 2008 from the Judicial Institute. He took after his father, who was one of the first Emirati lawyers

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Ajax 2-3 Tottenham

Tottenham advance on away goals rule after tie ends 3-3 on aggregate

Final: June 1, Madrid

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Countdown to Zero exhibition will show how disease can be beaten

Countdown to Zero: Defeating Disease, an international multimedia exhibition created by the American Museum of National History in collaboration with The Carter Center, will open in Abu Dhabi a  month before Reaching the Last Mile.

Opening on October 15 and running until November 15, the free exhibition opens at The Galleria mall on Al Maryah Island, and has already been seen at the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum in Atlanta, the American Museum of Natural History in New York, and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.

 

10 tips for entry-level job seekers
  • Have an up-to-date, professional LinkedIn profile. If you don’t have a LinkedIn account, set one up today. Avoid poor-quality profile pictures with distracting backgrounds. Include a professional summary and begin to grow your network.
  • Keep track of the job trends in your sector through the news. Apply for job alerts at your dream organisations and the types of jobs you want – LinkedIn uses AI to share similar relevant jobs based on your selections.
  • Double check that you’ve highlighted relevant skills on your resume and LinkedIn profile.
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  • Go online and look for details on job specifications for your target position. Make a list of skills required and set yourself some learning goals to tick off all the necessary skills one by one.
  • Don’t be afraid to reach outside your immediate friends and family to other acquaintances and let them know you are looking for new opportunities.
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  • Be professional and patient. Always be professional with whoever you are interacting with throughout your search process, this will be remembered. You need to be patient, dedicated and not give up on your search. Candidates need to make sure they are following up appropriately for roles they have applied.

Arda Atalay, head of Mena private sector at LinkedIn Talent Solutions, Rudy Bier, managing partner of Kinetic Business Solutions and Ben Kinerman Daltrey, co-founder of KinFitz

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4. The biggest black holes lurk at the centre of many galaxies, including our own

5. Astronomers believe that when the universe was very young, black holes affected how galaxies formed

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The National Archives, Abu Dhabi

Founded over 50 years ago, the National Archives collects valuable historical material relating to the UAE, and is the oldest and richest archive relating to the Arabian Gulf.

Much of the material can be viewed on line at the Arabian Gulf Digital Archive - https://www.agda.ae/en

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What is dialysis?

Dialysis is a way of cleaning your blood when your kidneys fail and can no longer do the job.

It gets rid of your body's wastes, extra salt and water, and helps to control your blood pressure. The main cause of kidney failure is diabetes and hypertension.

There are two kinds of dialysis — haemodialysis and peritoneal.

In haemodialysis, blood is pumped out of your body to an artificial kidney machine that filter your blood and returns it to your body by tubes.

In peritoneal dialysis, the inside lining of your own belly acts as a natural filter. Wastes are taken out by means of a cleansing fluid which is washed in and out of your belly in cycles.

It isn’t an option for everyone but if eligible, can be done at home by the patient or caregiver. This, as opposed to home haemodialysis, is covered by insurance in the UAE.

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Yuki Means Happiness
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Updated: March 28, 2024, 12:04 PM`