It is easy to assume that more urban growth means less vegetation. But a study has found that, in the UAE at least, the opposite is true.
Research has found that over the past half a century, as the cities of Dubai, Abu Dhabi and Al Ain have grown, there has been an almost twentyfold increase in the amount of plant cover.
The growth is thought to be a particular feature of desert cities, where gardens, parks, landscaped roads with trees, and agriculture make the land greener.
The research was released earlier this month, by coincidence just before World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought, a UN event held on Friday.
Dr Basam Dahy, the first author of the paper, said it was a surprise when the analysis found that vegetation cover had increased so much.
“There is a common generalisation that urbanisation causes loss of vegetation cover,” said Dr Dahy, a postdoctoral fellow in the Department of Geosciences at UAE University in Al Ain.
“This is derived mainly from studies of the growth of the tropical and boreal [temperate] cities, where expansion is usually at the expense of forests (deforestation). But what we found in desert cities, namely Abu Dhabi, Dubai, and Al Ain, was completely different.”
Greening the desert
Al Ain
Based on analysis of satellite images taken between 1972 and 2021, Dr Dahy and his colleagues identified “constant growth” in the vegetation cover.
The total increase over the five decades was 1,883 per cent — meaning that vegetation cover had grown almost twentyfold.
The drive to green the desert in the country's formative years was led by the UAE's Founding Father, the late Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan.
The wide-ranging strategy included a huge project of tree planting initiated by Sheikh Zayed, who was building permanent homes for the nomadic Bedouin in the parched desert.
Dubai
Sheikh Zayed hoped the trees would provide shade, improve the appearance of the villages and make them more liveable.
“Research shows that the three desert cities tend to increase vegetation area by expanding urban vegetation while continuing their steady urban growth. The urban vegetation includes parks, gardens, street trees, and other green spaces,” Dr Dahy said.
Aside from the growth in this urban vegetation, other factors have helped to increase plant cover during the past half a century. Dr Dahy said there was more agriculture than before, for example.
“Another driver of vegetation cover change is the environmental protection laws that were introduced during the 80s and 90s to protect and conserve the environment especially the coastal vegetation of the marine environment,” he added.
Some factors that caused vegetation cover in the UAE’s urban areas to increase will not apply to the countryside, but greening has happened there.
Abu Dhabi
“We can still see an increase in vegetation cover in the countryside, which is driven by other factors, like the extensive granting of agricultural farms to civilians as part of the Bedouin settlement governmental policy during the first two decades after independence,” Dr Dahy said.
“The other factor is the building of the artificial forests, which spread throughout the whole emirate of Abu Dhabi and which are seen at the eastern part along the road heading to Abu Dhabi city.”
Titled, “Random forest for classifying and monitoring 50 years of vegetation dynamics in three desert cities of the UAE,” the study has been published in The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences and was presented at a congress in Nice, France, earlier this month.
The other authors are Prof Salem Issa, a professor of remote sensing in the Department of Geosciences, and Dr Nazmi Saleous, an associate professor in the Department of Geography and Urban Planning, both at UAE University.
AI charts change in country
The researchers used artificial intelligence with a specialised algorithm to analyse satellite images of the three city areas from 1972 to 2021 to classify what the land was being used for and to detect changes.
It accurately identified different vegetation cover, including coastal/wetland vegetation, urban vegetation, farms/crops and natural/artificial vegetation.
The research is part of an continuing project funded by UAE University to understand how land use in the UAE is changing. One reason why this is important is to better understand the country’s carbon footprint.
“The study will cover the whole of the UAE to understand the nature of the vegetation expansion trends and other land cover types throughout the five decades since the independence of the country in 1971,” Dr Dahy said.
While the latest study indicates that the growth of the UAE’s urban areas has increased greenery levels, previous studies by other researchers have suggested that development also has potential environmental downsides.
It is thought, for example, that habitat loss from development poses a threat to native reptile species in the Emirates and in neighbouring countries, such as Oman.
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Four stars
What can victims do?
Always use only regulated platforms
Stop all transactions and communication on suspicion
Save all evidence (screenshots, chat logs, transaction IDs)
Report to local authorities
Warn others to prevent further harm
Courtesy: Crystal Intelligence
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- Premier League-standard football pitch
- 400m Olympic running track
- NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
- 600-seat auditorium
- Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
- An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
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- AR and VR-enabled learning centres
- Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
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Buy farm-fresh food
The UAE is stepping up its game when it comes to platforms for local farms to show off and sell their produce.
In Dubai, visit Emirati Farmers Souq at The Pointe every Saturday from 8am to 2pm, which has produce from Al Ammar Farm, Omar Al Katri Farm, Hikarivege Vegetables, Rashed Farms and Al Khaleej Honey Trading, among others.
In Sharjah, the Aljada residential community will launch a new outdoor farmers’ market every Friday starting this weekend. Manbat will be held from 3pm to 8pm, and will host 30 farmers, local home-grown entrepreneurs and food stalls from the teams behind Badia Farms; Emirates Hydroponics Farms; Modern Organic Farm; Revolution Real; Astraea Farms; and Al Khaleej Food.
In Abu Dhabi, order farm produce from Food Crowd, an online grocery platform that supplies fresh and organic ingredients directly from farms such as Emirates Bio Farm, TFC, Armela Farms and mother company Al Dahra.
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- Previously worked at The Guardian, BBC’s Newsnight programme and ITV News
- Took up a public relations role for Chancellor Rishi Sunak in April 2020
- In October 2020 she was hired to lead No 10’s planned daily televised press briefings
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- Ms Stratton, 41, is married to James Forsyth, the political editor of The Spectator
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The more serious side of specialty coffee
While the taste of beans and freshness of roast is paramount to the specialty coffee scene, so is sustainability and workers’ rights.
The bulk of genuine specialty coffee companies aim to improve on these elements in every stage of production via direct relationships with farmers. For instance, Mokha 1450 on Al Wasl Road strives to work predominantly with women-owned and -operated coffee organisations, including female farmers in the Sabree mountains of Yemen.
Because, as the boutique’s owner, Garfield Kerr, points out: “women represent over 90 per cent of the coffee value chain, but are woefully underrepresented in less than 10 per cent of ownership and management throughout the global coffee industry.”
One of the UAE’s largest suppliers of green (meaning not-yet-roasted) beans, Raw Coffee, is a founding member of the Partnership of Gender Equity, which aims to empower female coffee farmers and harvesters.
Also, globally, many companies have found the perfect way to recycle old coffee grounds: they create the perfect fertile soil in which to grow mushrooms.
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