An Egyptian baker waits for customers with plastic bags of bread in Cairo. Reuters
An Egyptian baker waits for customers with plastic bags of bread in Cairo. Reuters
An Egyptian baker waits for customers with plastic bags of bread in Cairo. Reuters
An Egyptian baker waits for customers with plastic bags of bread in Cairo. Reuters

How does the Middle East fare when it comes to single-use plastic bags?


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Abu Dhabi's ban on single-use plastic bags came into force on Wednesday, with new laws in Dubai due to take effect next month.

Supermarkets around the emirates have prepared for the change by placing notices around the checkout tills about the new rule for shoppers to see while also stocking up on multi-use bags for life.

Elsewhere, countries in the region have been making their own attempts at limiting single-use plastic.

But how do other countries in the region compare when it comes to outlawing the single-use carrier bag?

Schoolchildren in Jordan help to hand out reusable bags in a supermarket in 2010 in an attempt to persuade people to ditch the plastic. Salah Malkawi for The National
Schoolchildren in Jordan help to hand out reusable bags in a supermarket in 2010 in an attempt to persuade people to ditch the plastic. Salah Malkawi for The National

Saudi Arabia: In 2017, the Saudi authorities recommended that single-use plastic bags be replaced with oxo-biodegradable plastic bags.

Bahrain: Last month, state media announced that from mid-September, Bahrain would start banning the import, distribution and sale of single-use, lightweight plastic bags.

Lebanon: In 2018, The Lebanese municipality of coastal city Jbeil announced the banning of plastic bags. One year later in 2019, Environment Minister Fadi Jreissati announced that, starting in October, single-use plastic bags would cost LL100 ($0.07) at many large supermarkets in an attempt to phase them out.

Egypt: In April 2022, a member of the House of Representatives submitted a proposal regarding banning the use of plastic bags and replacing them with more environmentally friendly materials. The debate over the ban is continuing.

Morocco: In July 2016, a law commonly known as the Zero Mika Law banned the production, import, sale or distribution of single-use plastic bags in Morocco. Efforts were put into action to formalise this ban, but some of the approaches adopted had limited effects.

In 2019, the law was amended to define the legal framework for inspections and seizures.

Jordan: In June 2015, the Jordan Food and Drug Administration (JFDA) planned to ban the use of recycled plastic bags and containers used in direct contact with food items, and in 2017 the biodegradable plastic bag law laid out rules that all plastic bags must be biodegradable except for heavy duty ones designed for multiple use.

Qatar: Qatar’s Cabinet approved a draft decision in May 2022, which would ban the use of single-use plastic bags in the country, to be replaced with multi-use plastic bags, biodegradable plastic bags, paper or woven bags and other biodegradable materials.

Israel: The Plastic Bag Law took hold in January 2017, which prohibited large supermarkets from distributing plastic bags free of charge. Instead consumers have to pay NIS 0.10 ($0.03) for plastic bags. One year later local media reported a nearly 80 per cent drop in plastic bag use since the ban took effect. But it was not until 2020 that authorities approved regulations that enabled inspectors to fine those breaking the rules.

Environmental activists in Lebanon send a message that pollutants such as bottles and plastic bags are a danger marine animals. AP Photo
Environmental activists in Lebanon send a message that pollutants such as bottles and plastic bags are a danger marine animals. AP Photo

Oman: Oman’s Environment Authority introduced a ban on single-use plastic shopping bags on January 1, 2021. People breaching the ban are fined a minimum of RO100 ($259) and maximum of RO2,000 ($5,180), which is doubled every time the same organisation or person is found guilty of breaking the rule. The single-use bags were replaced with thicker 50-micron bags, which are now provided free at most shops.

Kuwait: There are no restrictions on single-use plastic bags despite attempts by supermarkets to promote reusable bags. However, The Kuwaiti Ministry of Communications announced a policy to ban the use of certain single-use plastic items on board Kuwaiti and foreign ships while in port in Kuwait or in Kuwaiti waters.

Tunisia: A ban on plastic bags took effect in Tunisia’s large supermarket chains in March 2017 as part of the government’s efforts to cut down on waste and pollution. The regulation prohibits major supermarket chains, such as Carrefour and Monoprix, distributing non-biodegradable plastic bags. Smaller shops, street food markets or the fruit and vegetable sections of retail stores were not subject to the ban.

In 2020, authorities announced plans to stop its supermarkets and pharmacies from using single-use plastic bags from before phasing them out completely in 2021.

What is graphene?

Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged like honeycomb.

It was discovered in 2004, when Russian-born Manchester scientists Andrei Geim and Kostya Novoselov were "playing about" with sticky tape and graphite - the material used as "lead" in pencils.

Placing the tape on the graphite and peeling it, they managed to rip off thin flakes of carbon. In the beginning they got flakes consisting of many layers of graphene. But as they repeated the process many times, the flakes got thinner.

By separating the graphite fragments repeatedly, they managed to create flakes that were just one atom thick. Their experiment had led to graphene being isolated for the very first time.

At the time, many believed it was impossible for such thin crystalline materials to be stable. But examined under a microscope, the material remained stable, and when tested was found to have incredible properties.

It is many times times stronger than steel, yet incredibly lightweight and flexible. It is electrically and thermally conductive but also transparent. The world's first 2D material, it is one million times thinner than the diameter of a single human hair.

But the 'sticky tape' method would not work on an industrial scale. Since then, scientists have been working on manufacturing graphene, to make use of its incredible properties.

In 2010, Geim and Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. Their discovery meant physicists could study a new class of two-dimensional materials with unique properties. 

 

Cricket World Cup League 2

UAE squad

Rahul Chopra (captain), Aayan Afzal Khan, Ali Naseer, Aryansh Sharma, Basil Hameed, Dhruv Parashar, Junaid Siddique, Muhammad Farooq, Muhammad Jawadullah, Muhammad Waseem, Omid Rahman, Rahul Bhatia, Tanish Suri, Vishnu Sukumaran, Vriitya Aravind

Fixtures

Friday, November 1 – Oman v UAE
Sunday, November 3 – UAE v Netherlands
Thursday, November 7 – UAE v Oman
Saturday, November 9 – Netherlands v UAE

Tearful appearance

Chancellor Rachel Reeves set markets on edge as she appeared visibly distraught in parliament on Wednesday. 

Legislative setbacks for the government have blown a new hole in the budgetary calculations at a time when the deficit is stubbornly large and the economy is struggling to grow. 

She appeared with Keir Starmer on Thursday and the pair embraced, but he had failed to give her his backing as she cried a day earlier.

A spokesman said her upset demeanour was due to a personal matter.

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Updated: June 02, 2022, 7:04 AM`