Calibrating the UAE: take a look inside the metrology lab where everything is measured


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The UAE’s most accurate timepiece, against which all clocks in the UAE are measured, lies in a lab at the Emirates Metrology Institute in Abu Dhabi.

It will continue to record time accurately for more than 300,000 years. If there is a power cut, there are three servers to back it up.

Its accuracy is to more than 1,000 nanoseconds — “0.1 pico,” clarifies Waleed Al Kalbani, head of the Electrical, Time and Frequency laboratory.

Less than a second off would spell disaster as planes, car radars and even the UAE Space Agency have time set against this clock.

Below the display that shows time in UAE, another clock is ticking away.

The clocks that tell the universal time coordinates for United Arab Emirates at the Emirates Metrology Institute in Masdar City, Abu Dhabi. Khushnum Bhandari / The National
The clocks that tell the universal time coordinates for United Arab Emirates at the Emirates Metrology Institute in Masdar City, Abu Dhabi. Khushnum Bhandari / The National

This is the “universal time”, on which the entire world depends, explains Mr Al Kalbani.

Known formerly as Greenwich Mean Time or GMT. it's the time zone around which all other are based. Greenwich is in south-east London, and the UK operates on GMT throughout the winter, and GMT+1 in the summer, also known as BST, or British Summer Time.

“In 300,000 years there might be a drift or a lapse of less than a second but that can be adjusted,” says Mr Al Kalbani. "This timer will continue ticking ... long after I and my great-great-great grandchildren are gone."

Officials at the EMI do, however, automatically check for its accuracy every month by comparing UAE time to the UTC, which stands for Universal Time Co-ordinated. This is, in essence, the less UK-centric successor to GMT and is also known in military terms as 'Zulu'.

Adjusting time

Adjustments are rare but not unknown. The highest authority in the world, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures (BIPM), meets in Paris to make decisions about adjustments, such as during leap years.

BIPM is an intergovernmental organisation, through which its 59 member states act together on measurement standards in four areas: chemistry, ionising radiation, physical metrology and co-ordinated universal time.

Leap seconds have been added 27 times since 1972. There were leap seconds added on June 30, 2015, and on June 30, 2012.

Khalid Al Mazrouei, senior metrologist, shows the volume metric flask and weighing scale. Khushnum Bhandari / The National
Khalid Al Mazrouei, senior metrologist, shows the volume metric flask and weighing scale. Khushnum Bhandari / The National

Measuring the measures

One could argue that the clock is the least interesting feature at the EMI in Masdar City.

Metrology is the science of measurement and at EMI every imaginable product is measured.

These can be solid objects or liquid, even air.

Giving an example, quality manager Mohamed Al Mulla says: “At the gold souq, we calibrate the weights used to verifying the weighing scales. At gas stations, we calibrate the volumetric cylinders that are used to verify the gas nozzles and the machines used to measure how much petrol is being pumped into your car and the price. The same applies to utilities [such as water and gas].”

At the supermarket, inspectors calibrate the weight machines used to measure fruits and vegetables.

Even something as small as a torque wrench used at a car workshop can be measured at the Force, Torque and Pressure Laboratory.

“We calibrate and measure the meters and weighing machines used to measure products so we are basically the measurers of the measures,” says senior metrologist Khaled Al Mazrouei.

EMI's measuring weights start from 1mg and can go up to a 1000kg.

The weights are handled with gloves as even the oil from your fingertips could add to the overall weight of an object.

"The temperature of the body can even affect the weight, which is why we wear gloves or use handlers such as tweezers," says Mr Al Mazrouei.

EMI laboratories are made up of the following five departments; Mass Volume and Flow, Dimension, Temperature and Humidity, Force Torque and Pressure, and Electrical Time Frequency and Power

Each plays a critical role in the Emirates, including the Temperature and Humidity lab, which measures important environments such a neonatal incubators and hospitals.

EMI was established in 2009, before which the majority of products had to be sent abroad for testing.

Now, the metrology institute offers their services to private businesses and has contracts with government stakeholders such as the Ministry of Defence and the Abu Dhabi judicial department.

“For any nation and market to develop, there has to be standards and specifications in place for the safety of the public and the consumer. This is where our role comes in,” said EMI executive director Saeed Almheiri.

The%C2%A0specs%20
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EEngine%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%204-cylinder%202.0L%20TSI%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETransmission%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Dual%20clutch%207-speed%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPower%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20320HP%20%2F%20235kW%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETorque%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20400Nm%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPrice%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3Efrom%20%2449%2C709%20%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EOn%20sale%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20now%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The specs: 2018 Mercedes-Benz S 450

Price, base / as tested Dh525,000 / Dh559,000

Engine: 3.0L V6 biturbo

Transmission: Nine-speed automatic

Power: 369hp at 5,500rpm

Torque: 500Nm at 1,800rpm

Fuel economy, combined: 8.0L / 100km

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%3Cp%3EThe%20BaaS%20value%20chain%20consists%20of%20four%20key%20players%3A%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EConsumers%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20End-users%20of%20the%20financial%20product%20delivered%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDistributors%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Also%20known%20as%20embedders%2C%20these%20are%20the%20firms%20that%20embed%20baking%20services%20directly%20into%20their%20existing%20customer%20journeys%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EEnablers%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Usually%20Big%20Tech%20or%20FinTech%20companies%20that%20help%20embed%20financial%20services%20into%20third-party%20platforms%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EProviders%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Financial%20institutions%20holding%20a%20banking%20licence%20and%20offering%20regulated%20products%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Will the pound fall to parity with the dollar?

The idea of pound parity now seems less far-fetched as the risk grows that Britain may split away from the European Union without a deal.

Rupert Harrison, a fund manager at BlackRock, sees the risk of it falling to trade level with the dollar on a no-deal Brexit. The view echoes Morgan Stanley’s recent forecast that the currency can plunge toward $1 (Dh3.67) on such an outcome. That isn’t the majority view yet – a Bloomberg survey this month estimated the pound will slide to $1.10 should the UK exit the bloc without an agreement.

New Prime Minister Boris Johnson has repeatedly said that Britain will leave the EU on the October 31 deadline with or without an agreement, fuelling concern the nation is headed for a disorderly departure and fanning pessimism toward the pound. Sterling has fallen more than 7 per cent in the past three months, the worst performance among major developed-market currencies.

“The pound is at a much lower level now but I still think a no-deal exit would lead to significant volatility and we could be testing parity on a really bad outcome,” said Mr Harrison, who manages more than $10 billion in assets at BlackRock. “We will see this game of chicken continue through August and that’s likely negative for sterling,” he said about the deadlocked Brexit talks.

The pound fell 0.8 per cent to $1.2033 on Friday, its weakest closing level since the 1980s, after a report on the second quarter showed the UK economy shrank for the first time in six years. The data means it is likely the Bank of England will cut interest rates, according to Mizuho Bank.

The BOE said in November that the currency could fall even below $1 in an analysis on possible worst-case Brexit scenarios. Options-based calculations showed around a 6.4 per cent chance of pound-dollar parity in the next one year, markedly higher than 0.2 per cent in early March when prospects of a no-deal outcome were seemingly off the table.

Bloomberg

 

 

 

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Results

5pm: Wadi Nagab – Maiden (PA) Dh80,000 (Turf) 1,200m; Winner: Al Falaq, Antonio Fresu (jockey), Ahmed Al Shemaili (trainer)

5.30pm: Wadi Sidr – Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 (T) 1,200m; Winner: AF Majalis, Tadhg O’Shea, Ernst Oertel

6pm: Wathba Stallions Cup – Handicap (PA) Dh70,000 (T) 2,200m; Winner: AF Fakhama, Fernando Jara, Mohamed Daggash

6.30pm: Wadi Shees – Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 (T) 2,200m; Winner: Mutaqadim, Antonio Fresu, Ibrahim Al Hadhrami

7pm: Arabian Triple Crown Round-1 – Listed (PA) Dh230,000 (T) 1,600m; Winner: Bahar Muscat, Antonio Fresu, Ibrahim Al Hadhrami

7.30pm: Wadi Tayyibah – Maiden (TB) Dh80,000 (T) 1,600m; Winner: Poster Paint, Patrick Cosgrave, Bhupat Seemar

Non-oil%20trade
%3Cp%3ENon-oil%20trade%20between%20the%20UAE%20and%20Japan%20grew%20by%2034%20per%20cent%20over%20the%20past%20two%20years%2C%20according%20to%20data%20from%20the%20Federal%20Competitiveness%20and%20Statistics%20Centre.%C2%A0%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EIn%2010%20years%2C%20it%20has%20reached%20a%20total%20of%20Dh524.4%20billion.%C2%A0%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3ECars%20topped%20the%20list%20of%20the%20top%20five%20commodities%20re-exported%20to%20Japan%20in%202022%2C%20with%20a%20value%20of%20Dh1.3%20billion.%C2%A0%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EJewellery%20and%20ornaments%20amounted%20to%20Dh150%20million%20while%20precious%20metal%20scraps%20amounted%20to%20Dh105%20million.%C2%A0%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3ERaw%20aluminium%20was%20ranked%20first%20among%20the%20top%20five%20commodities%20exported%20to%20Japan.%C2%A0%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3ETop%20of%20the%20list%20of%20commodities%20imported%20from%20Japan%20in%202022%20was%20cars%2C%20with%20a%20value%20of%20Dh20.08%20billion.%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Bharat

Director: Ali Abbas Zafar

Starring: Salman Khan, Katrina Kaif, Sunil Grover

Rating: 2.5 out of 5 stars

UAE SQUAD

Mohammed Naveed (captain), Rohan Mustafa, Ashfaq Ahmed, Rameez Shahzad, Shaiman Anwar, Mohammed Usman, Mohammed Boota, Zawar Farid, Ghulam Shabber, Ahmed Raza, Sultan Ahmed, Imran Haider, Qadeer Ahmed, Chirag Suri , Zahoor Khan

Normal People

Sally Rooney, Faber & Faber
 

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Evacuations to France hit by controversy
  • Over 500 Gazans have been evacuated to France since November 2023
  • Evacuations were paused after a student already in France posted anti-Semitic content and was subsequently expelled to Qatar
  • The Foreign Ministry launched a review to determine how authorities failed to detect the posts before her entry
  • Artists and researchers fall under a programme called Pause that began in 2017
  • It has benefited more than 700 people from 44 countries, including Syria, Turkey, Iran, and Sudan
  • Since the start of the Gaza war, it has also included 45 Gazan beneficiaries
  • Unlike students, they are allowed to bring their families to France
What the law says

Micro-retirement is not a recognised concept or employment status under Federal Decree Law No. 33 of 2021 on the Regulation of Labour Relations (as amended) (UAE Labour Law). As such, it reflects a voluntary work-life balance practice, rather than a recognised legal employment category, according to Dilini Loku, senior associate for law firm Gateley Middle East.

“Some companies may offer formal sabbatical policies or career break programmes; however, beyond such arrangements, there is no automatic right or statutory entitlement to extended breaks,” she explains.

“Any leave taken beyond statutory entitlements, such as annual leave, is typically regarded as unpaid leave in accordance with Article 33 of the UAE Labour Law. While employees may legally take unpaid leave, such requests are subject to the employer’s discretion and require approval.”

If an employee resigns to pursue micro-retirement, the employment contract is terminated, and the employer is under no legal obligation to rehire the employee in the future unless specific contractual agreements are in place (such as return-to-work arrangements), which are generally uncommon, Ms Loku adds.

Bareilly Ki Barfi
Directed by: Ashwiny Iyer Tiwari
Starring: Kriti Sanon, Ayushmann Khurrana, Rajkummar Rao
Three and a half stars

Updated: August 15, 2022, 9:29 AM`