Syria might not have almost 7 million internally displaced people if global diplomacy worked as it should. But despite a great deal of foreign interest, more than a decade on from the beginning of its civil war, a solution strong enough to begin a meaningful, inclusive rebuild remains distant.
While not quite as devastated, Iraq, a neighbour, also faces dangerous levels of instability. Domestically, corruption is rife, the economy is stagnant and the environment is failing. Politicians seem unable, or unwilling, to change course. Externally, the country is the target of crippling foreign interference, particularly in the case of Iranian-backed militias.
Now, both countries appear to be entering a particularly dangerous phase, which only high-level, focused diplomacy can solve safely and lastingly.
Although slightly different in nature, they revolve around neighbours' concerns about security threats posed by Kurdish groups that are present in Iraq and Syria.
On Wednesday, Iraq said it would send border guards to its borders with Turkey and Iran, an attempt to stop ongoing attacks by them against dissident Kurdish groups. Turkey’s Kurdistan Workers' Party, or PKK, and the Kurdish Democratic Party of Iran have bases in Iraq's Kurdistan region and have recently been the targets of almost daily attacks by Ankara and Tehran.
In Syria, the situation is perhaps even more urgent. On Wednesday, Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdogan said that his country would escalate current air strikes against Kurdish targets in Syria by launching a ground operation "at the most convenient time for us". The comments came after a bomb attack in Istanbul that killed six people. No one has claimed responsibility, but Turkey blames the YPG, a primarily Kurdish militia in Syria.
That same day, the US said that Turkish strikes in northern Syria had put some of its personnel in danger. There are roughly 900 US troops currently embedded with the Syrian Democratic Forces, a group fighting remnants of ISIS, and which is led by Kurdish fighters. It is an early warning of how complex and costly a Turkish ground invasion would be, and why it must be avoided at all costs.
There are two starkly different options for how matters could develop from here. One is to carry on the years-long habit of inaction and maintain a dangerous status quo in which major players tolerate dangerous power vacuums and lingering tensions that should have been solved years ago.
The other is that the prospect of a new, particularly dangerous round of hostilities in Syria and Iraq re-energises diplomacy. This is a vastly more constructive and regulated process than military action.
A frequent paradox of diplomacy is that it is often only fully pressed into action during the final stages before violence. This is not ideal and often does not work by late stages; the ongoing war in Ukraine is an example. But now that the situation is as bad as it is, perhaps sufficient desire to find peaceful solutions might finally be realised. In what might seem like a hopeless time for regional security, this should be the hope that policymakers cling on to. Those in power only have to look at the world around them today to see how devastating and drawn out the other option is.
Sinopharm vaccine explained
The Sinopharm vaccine was created using techniques that have been around for decades.
“This is an inactivated vaccine. Simply what it means is that the virus is taken, cultured and inactivated," said Dr Nawal Al Kaabi, chair of the UAE's National Covid-19 Clinical Management Committee.
"What is left is a skeleton of the virus so it looks like a virus, but it is not live."
This is then injected into the body.
"The body will recognise it and form antibodies but because it is inactive, we will need more than one dose. The body will not develop immunity with one dose," she said.
"You have to be exposed more than one time to what we call the antigen."
The vaccine should offer protection for at least months, but no one knows how long beyond that.
Dr Al Kaabi said early vaccine volunteers in China were given shots last spring and still have antibodies today.
“Since it is inactivated, it will not last forever," she said.
Quick facts on cancer
- Cancer is the second-leading cause of death worldwide, after cardiovascular diseases
- About one in five men and one in six women will develop cancer in their lifetime
- By 2040, global cancer cases are on track to reach 30 million
- 70 per cent of cancer deaths occur in low and middle-income countries
- This rate is expected to increase to 75 per cent by 2030
- At least one third of common cancers are preventable
- Genetic mutations play a role in 5 per cent to 10 per cent of cancers
- Up to 3.7 million lives could be saved annually by implementing the right health
strategies
- The total annual economic cost of cancer is $1.16 trillion
Jetour T1 specs
Engine: 2-litre turbocharged
Power: 254hp
Torque: 390Nm
Price: From Dh126,000
Available: Now
Western Clubs Champions League:
- Friday, Sep 8 - Abu Dhabi Harlequins v Bahrain
- Friday, Sep 15 – Kandy v Abu Dhabi Harlequins
- Friday, Sep 22 – Kandy v Bahrain
House-hunting
Top 10 locations for inquiries from US house hunters, according to Rightmove
- Edinburgh, Scotland
- Westminster, London
- Camden, London
- Glasgow, Scotland
- Islington, London
- Kensington and Chelsea, London
- Highlands, Scotland
- Argyll and Bute, Scotland
- Fife, Scotland
- Tower Hamlets, London
Benefits of first-time home buyers' scheme
- Priority access to new homes from participating developers
- Discounts on sales price of off-plan units
- Flexible payment plans from developers
- Mortgages with better interest rates, faster approval times and reduced fees
- DLD registration fee can be paid through banks or credit cards at zero interest rates
COMPANY%20PROFILE
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More on Palestine-Israeli relations
MATCH INFO
Champions League quarter-final, first leg
Ajax v Juventus, Wednesday, 11pm (UAE)
Match on BeIN Sports
Dubai Rugby Sevens, December 5 -7
World Sevens Series Pools
A – Fiji, France, Argentina, Japan
B – United States, Australia, Scotland, Ireland
C – New Zealand, Samoa, Canada, Wales
D – South Africa, England, Spain, Kenya
ALRAWABI%20SCHOOL%20FOR%20GIRLS
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Global Fungi Facts
• Scientists estimate there could be as many as 3 million fungal species globally
• Only about 160,000 have been officially described leaving around 90% undiscovered
• Fungi account for roughly 90% of Earth's unknown biodiversity
• Forest fungi help tackle climate change, absorbing up to 36% of global fossil fuel emissions annually and storing around 5 billion tonnes of carbon in the planet's topsoil
Election pledges on migration
CDU: "Now is the time to control the German borders and enforce strict border rejections"
SPD: "Border closures and blanket rejections at internal borders contradict the spirit of a common area of freedom"
UAE SQUAD
Khalid Essa, Ali Khaseif, Fahad Al Dhanhani, Adel Al Hosani, Bandar Al Ahbabi, Mohammad Barghash, Salem Rashid, Khalifa Al Hammadi, Shaheen Abdulrahman, Hassan Al Mahrami, Walid Abbas, Mahmoud Khamis, Yousef Jaber, Majed Sorour, Majed Hassan, Ali Salmeen, Abdullah Ramadan, Abdullah Al Naqbi, Khalil Al Hammadi, Fabio De Lima, Khalfan Mubarak, Tahnoon Al Zaabi, Ali Saleh, Caio Canedo, Ali Mabkhout, Sebastian Tagliabue, Zayed Al Ameri
Gothia Cup 2025
4,872 matches
1,942 teams
116 pitches
76 nations
26 UAE teams
15 Lebanese teams
2 Kuwaiti teams
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Killing of Qassem Suleimani
The specs
- Engine: 3.9-litre twin-turbo V8
- Power: 640hp
- Torque: 760nm
- On sale: 2026
- Price: Not announced yet
Key facilities
- Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
- Premier League-standard football pitch
- 400m Olympic running track
- NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
- 600-seat auditorium
- Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
- An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
- Specialist robotics and science laboratories
- AR and VR-enabled learning centres
- Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
THE SPECS
Engine: 1.5-litre
Transmission: 6-speed automatic
Power: 110 horsepower
Torque: 147Nm
Price: From Dh59,700
On sale: now
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The burning issue
The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE.
Read part four: an affection for classic cars lives on
Read part three: the age of the electric vehicle begins
Read part one: how cars came to the UAE
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