Syrian Kurds demonstrate in front of the United Nations office in the Kurdish-majority city of Qamishli in northeast Syria over their exclusion from the UN-backed constitutional committee. Delil Souleiman / AFP
Syrian Kurds demonstrate in front of the United Nations office in the Kurdish-majority city of Qamishli in northeast Syria over their exclusion from the UN-backed constitutional committee. Delil Souleiman / AFP
Syrian Kurds demonstrate in front of the United Nations office in the Kurdish-majority city of Qamishli in northeast Syria over their exclusion from the UN-backed constitutional committee. Delil Souleiman / AFP
Syrian Kurds demonstrate in front of the United Nations office in the Kurdish-majority city of Qamishli in northeast Syria over their exclusion from the UN-backed constitutional committee. Delil Soule

New Syrian constitutional committee is no guarantee of the protection of citizens' rights – but it's a start


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Last week Syria's UN envoy Geir Pedersen announced that the country's warring parties and their backers had finally agreed on the make-up of a constitutional committee to draft a post-war charter. It took nearly two years for the regime of Bashar Al Assad, plus the opposition, Russia, Iran and Turkey, to agree a list of 150 representatives, reflecting both sides of the war and including members of the civil society organisations that emerged from its chaos. The opposition published details of its own delegation on Monday while the final list has been leaked online.

There is, rightly, ample scepticism towards the process and whatever emerges from it. A new constitution won't guarantee that any of the demands of the revolution, particularly the removal of Mr Al Assad, will be achieved. Many doubt the credibility of any constitutional committee created without popular consensus and see the process as lending legitimacy to a totalitarian regime responsible for the deaths of hundreds of thousands of Syrians.

But it might just be the best hope that those who struggled for a fairer Syria can have a say in their country’s future.

Mr Al Assad, with the unflinching support of Moscow and Tehran, has managed to claw back most of Syria militarily from rebels fighting to overthrow him. Only the province of Idlib, parts of the north under the control of Turkish proxies, and parts of eastern Syria held by US-backed Kurdish militias remain in the hands of rebels.

The idea for a constitutional committee originated years ago and was mired in delays as negotiations took place to concoct a list that was acceptable to all parties. Many in the opposition saw it as a futile exercise, intended to divert Mr Al Assad's opponents away from demands for his removal as he regained momentum in the military conflict.

With the opposition largely disparate and defeated, and with limited international support, there are few clear paths to continue along in the struggle for a new Syria.

A constitution that enshrines fundamental rights like free speech or multi-party elections can be changed or sidestepped by a totalitarian regime

In the formation of the constitutional committee, one key issue is representation. There are hardly any Kurds on the committee and they do not speak for the self-governing Kurdish regions in the country.

The Kurds led the ground assault against ISIS in Syria and control much of the north-east, backed by American air power. Few expect the Kurdish militias and regional government to cede control of their territory without a fight, as they face hostile Turkish forces on their borders, a Syrian regime that will accept nothing less than full control over the country, and an opposition that accuses the Kurdish militias of collaborating with Mr Al Assad to defeat rebels in major battles such as the fight for Aleppo.

The exclusion of the Kurds appears to be a tactical choice to delay discussions on the enormous obstacle of Kurdish autonomy – but it also raises major questions over the legitimacy of such a body.

The issue of legitimacy is, of course, broader than Kurdish representation. As far as many opposition interlocutors are concerned, the constitutional committee has no authority because its members were chosen behind closed doors, by unaccountable negotiators with hegemonic, security or economic interests in Syria, not the Syrian people. They argue that such a body is illegitimate and cannot decide a question as fraught and consequential as the future constitution.

UN special envoy to Syria Geir Pedersen speaking to reporters upon arrival in Damascus, Syria. EPA
UN special envoy to Syria Geir Pedersen speaking to reporters upon arrival in Damascus, Syria. EPA

And what of the endgame of such a process? A constitution that enshrines fundamental rights like free speech or multi-party elections can be changed or sidestepped by a totalitarian regime. It won’t dismantle the Assads’ security apparatus or the corrupt oligarchies strangling the economy. The Assads – both Mr Al Assad and his father Hafez –  have reneged on constitutional promises for decades.

There are plenty of reasons to despair, and a constitutional committee will not fix any of that

Further, the very process of forming a committee legitimises the regime itself in the eyes of many in the opposition – a regime that destroyed the country to cement its grip on power, displaced half the population and killed untold numbers of civilians. The process would acknowledge the regime's centrality to decision-making in Syria and give regime loyalists an equal role in crafting the constitution.

Nevertheless, the list highlights some of the diverse voices that have come to characterise the political landscape since 2011. It includes such lodestars of the struggle for human rights as Mazen Darwish, a champion of transitional justice and accountability, who was tortured for years in the regime’s dungeons.

Also on the list are Syrians who have worked on peace-building initiatives for years, women’s rights defenders, legal experts and grassroots activists from a plethora of backgrounds.

These Syrians will steer the dialogue the country so desperately needs if it is to take even halting steps forward. A constitutional committee cannot force the Assad regime to dismantle its mukhabarat intelligence services, nor its corrupt oligarchies. Nor is the constitution a guarantee that citizens will be treated equally by the law, nor that the top echelons of government will be held accountable for years of war crimes.

But it can help Syrians imagine a future where they can live together again. It can create the space for them to have conversations about the country’s identity, what it will look like decades from now, what role religion and sect play in society, the decentralisation of political power, what rights citizens ought to have and how the institutions of justice can be built.

The war is not over and the conflict will not end simply because Mr Al Assad declared victory. There are plenty of reasons to despair, and a constitutional committee will not fix any of that. It will not, by itself, heal nearly a decade of atrocities or decades of totalitarian brutality before that. But it is a step forward.

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Tearful appearance

Chancellor Rachel Reeves set markets on edge as she appeared visibly distraught in parliament on Wednesday. 

Legislative setbacks for the government have blown a new hole in the budgetary calculations at a time when the deficit is stubbornly large and the economy is struggling to grow. 

She appeared with Keir Starmer on Thursday and the pair embraced, but he had failed to give her his backing as she cried a day earlier.

A spokesman said her upset demeanour was due to a personal matter.

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John Cena pinned Triple H in a singles match

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Jeff Hardy retained the United States title against Jinder Mahal

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AJ Styles remains WWE World Heavyweight champion after he and Shinsuke Nakamura are both counted out

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Braun Strowman won the 50-man Royal Rumble by eliminating Big Cass last

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Other ways to buy used products in the UAE

UAE insurance firm Al Wathba National Insurance Company (AWNIC) last year launched an e-commerce website with a facility enabling users to buy car wrecks.

Bidders and potential buyers register on the online salvage car auction portal to view vehicles, review condition reports, or arrange physical surveys, and then start bidding for motors they plan to restore or harvest for parts.

Physical salvage car auctions are a common method for insurers around the world to move on heavily damaged vehicles, but AWNIC is one of the few UAE insurers to offer such services online.

For cars and less sizeable items such as bicycles and furniture, Dubizzle is arguably the best-known marketplace for pre-loved.

Founded in 2005, in recent years it has been joined by a plethora of Facebook community pages for shifting used goods, including Abu Dhabi Marketplace, Flea Market UAE and Arabian Ranches Souq Market while sites such as The Luxury Closet and Riot deal largely in second-hand fashion.

At the high-end of the pre-used spectrum, resellers such as Timepiece360.ae, WatchBox Middle East and Watches Market Dubai deal in authenticated second-hand luxury timepieces from brands such as Rolex, Hublot and Tag Heuer, with a warranty.

The five pillars of Islam

1. Fasting

2. Prayer

3. Hajj

4. Shahada

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The five pillars of Islam

1. Fasting

2. Prayer

3. Hajj

4. Shahada

5. Zakat 

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Key changes

Commission caps

For life insurance products with a savings component, Peter Hodgins of Clyde & Co said different caps apply to the saving and protection elements:

• For the saving component, a cap of 4.5 per cent of the annualised premium per year (which may not exceed 90 per cent of the annualised premium over the policy term). 

• On the protection component, there is a cap  of 10 per cent of the annualised premium per year (which may not exceed 160 per cent of the annualised premium over the policy term).

• Indemnity commission, the amount of commission that can be advanced to a product salesperson, can be 50 per cent of the annualised premium for the first year or 50 per cent of the total commissions on the policy calculated. 

• The remaining commission after deduction of the indemnity commission is paid equally over the premium payment term.

• For pure protection products, which only offer a life insurance component, the maximum commission will be 10 per cent of the annualised premium multiplied by the length of the policy in years.

Disclosure

Customers must now be provided with a full illustration of the product they are buying to ensure they understand the potential returns on savings products as well as the effects of any charges. There is also a “free-look” period of 30 days, where insurers must provide a full refund if the buyer wishes to cancel the policy.

“The illustration should provide for at least two scenarios to illustrate the performance of the product,” said Mr Hodgins. “All illustrations are required to be signed by the customer.”

Another illustration must outline surrender charges to ensure they understand the costs of exiting a fixed-term product early.

Illustrations must also be kept updatedand insurers must provide information on the top five investment funds available annually, including at least five years' performance data.

“This may be segregated based on the risk appetite of the customer (in which case, the top five funds for each segment must be provided),” said Mr Hodgins.

Product providers must also disclose the ratio of protection benefit to savings benefits. If a protection benefit ratio is less than 10 per cent "the product must carry a warning stating that it has limited or no protection benefit" Mr Hodgins added.

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Starring: Elizabeth Olsen, Paul Bettany

Directed by: Matt Shakman

Rating: Four stars

MEYDAN RESULTS

6.30pm Baniyas (PA) Group 2 Dh125,000 (Dirt) 1,400m

Winner ES Ajeeb, Sam Hitchcock (jockey), Ibrahim Aseel (trainer).          

7.05pm Maiden (TB) Dh165,000 (D) 1,200m

Winner  Galaxy Road, Antonio Fresu, Musabah Al Muhairi.

7.40pm Maiden (TB) Dh165,000 (D) 1,400m

Winner  Al Modayar, Fernando Jara, Ali Rashid Al Raihe.

8.15pm Handicap (TB) Dh170,000 (D) 1,900m

Winner  Gundogdu, Xavier Ziani, Salem bin Ghadayer.

8.50pm Rated Conditions (TB) Dh240,000 (D) 1,600m

Winner George Villiers, Tadhg O’Shea, Satish Seemar.

9.25pm Handicap (TB) Dh175,000 (D)1,200m

Winner  Lady Parma, Connor Beasley, Satish Seemar

10pm Handicap (TB) Dh165,000 (D) 1,400m

Winner Zaajer, Fernando Jara, Ali Rashid Al Raihe

Tips%20for%20holiday%20homeowners
%3Cp%3EThere%20are%20several%20factors%20for%20landlords%20to%20consider%20when%20preparing%20to%20establish%20a%20holiday%20home%3A%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cul%3E%0A%3Cli%3E%3Cstrong%3ERevenue%20potential%20of%20the%20unit%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20location%2C%20view%20and%20size%3C%2Fli%3E%0A%3Cli%3E%3Cstrong%3EDesign%3A%20furnished%20or%20unfurnished.%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Is%20the%20design%20up%20to%20standard%2C%20while%20being%20catchy%20at%20the%20same%20time%3F%3C%2Fli%3E%0A%3Cli%3E%3Cstrong%3EBusiness%20model%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20will%20it%20be%20managed%20by%20a%20professional%20operator%20or%20directly%20by%20the%20owner%2C%20how%20often%20does%20the%20owner%20wants%20to%20use%20it%20for%20personal%20reasons%3F%3C%2Fli%3E%0A%3Cli%3E%3Cstrong%3EQuality%20of%20the%20operator%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20guest%20reviews%2C%20customer%20experience%20management%2C%20application%20of%20technology%2C%20average%20utilisation%2C%20scope%20of%20services%20rendered%3C%2Fli%3E%0A%3C%2Ful%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cem%3ESource%3A%20Adam%20Nowak%2C%20managing%20director%20of%20Ultimate%20Stay%20Vacation%20Homes%20Rental%3C%2Fem%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The Africa Institute 101

Housed on the same site as the original Africa Hall, which first hosted an Arab-African Symposium in 1976, the newly renovated building will be home to a think tank and postgraduate studies hub (it will offer master’s and PhD programmes). The centre will focus on both the historical and contemporary links between Africa and the Gulf, and will serve as a meeting place for conferences, symposia, lectures, film screenings, plays, musical performances and more. In fact, today it is hosting a symposium – 5-plus-1: Rethinking Abstraction that will look at the six decades of Frank Bowling’s career, as well as those of his contemporaries that invested social, cultural and personal meaning into abstraction. 

Match info

Deccan Gladiators 87-8

Asif Khan 25, Dwayne Bravo 2-16

Maratha Arabians 89-2

Chadwick Walton 51 not out

Arabians won the final by eight wickets

Results

Stage 4

1. Dylan Groenewegen (NED) Jumbo-Visma 04:16:13

2. Gaviria (COL) UAE Team Emirates

3. Pascal Ackermann (GER) Bora-Hansgrohe

4. Sam Bennett (IRL) Deceuninck-QuickStep

5. Caleb Ewan (AUS) Lotto Soudal

General Classification:

1. Adam Yates (GBR) Mitchelton-Scott        16:46:15

2. Tadej Pogacar (SLO) UAE Team Emirates         0:01:07

3. Alexey Lutsenko (KAZ) Astana Pro Team          0:01:35

4. David Gaudu (FRA) Groupama-FDJ         0:01:40

5. Rafal Majka (POL) Bora-Hansgrohe