The deepening crisis in the Gulf over allegations that Iran was responsible for recent attacks on a number of oil tankers raises fresh questions about the insistence of major European powers on retaining their commitment to the 2015 nuclear deal.
One of the main arguments that the Trump administration used to justify its decision to withdraw from the nuclear deal in May last year was Iran’s continued sponsorship of terrorist groups such as Hezbollah, as well as its support for the Houthis in Yemen and the Assad regime in Syria. From Washington’s standpoint, Tehran’s actions were not thought to be in keeping with the spirit of the nuclear deal, which the previous Obama administration had hoped would result in Iran adopting a more constructive approach in its dealings with the outside world.
The White House also had serious misgivings about the contents of the deal itself, with US President Donald Trump describing it as the "worst ever" because of its narrow focus on Iran's nuclear enrichment, omitting other critical elements of an armament programme, including ballistic missiles.
Washington’s decision to withdraw from the agreement has hit the Iranian economy hard, and US intelligence officials believe the recent attacks on shipping in the Gulf, as well as a missile attack on the US embassy in Baghdad, are Iran’s way of responding to the pressure the regime is under at home.
But while Iran might find itself accused of committing serious violations of international law, if allegations that it was responsible for these hostile acts prove true, the major European powers that were involved in helping to negotiate the deal – Britain, France and Germany – appear resolutely determined to uphold it, irrespective of any provocative acts the Iranians might undertake.
Indeed, such is their commitment to sticking with the deal that, together with the European Union, they are still attempting to set up their own trading mechanism – the so-called special purpose vehicle – that would enable European businesses to continue trading without running the risk of being subjected to punitive measures by the US.
The European stance is fast becoming a source of friction with American policymakers, who believe that Europe’s continued support for the deal is undermining their efforts to persuade Tehran to return to the negotiating table and agree a better settlement.
But, to judge by comments made this week by Nathalie Tocci, a senior member of the EU’s foreign policy establishment, the Europeans see the US, not Iran, as being responsible for the recent rise in tensions in the Gulf. In an interview with the BBC, Ms Tocci accused Washington of committing a “violation” of the nuclear deal.
Europe’s insistence on sticking with the nuclear deal is, in part, explained by the fact that the negotiations that ultimately led to it were the result of a European initiative spearheaded by the so-called EU3 – Britain, France and Germany – in the middle of the previous decade.
This was at a time when the US-led invasion of Iraq was starting to turn sour, with the political vacuum caused by the overthrow of Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein being filled by sectarian violence.
European politicians like Jack Straw, the then British foreign secretary who had privately opposed the invasion of Iraq, argued that there were better ways of confronting rogue states than launching military action and set about launching a diplomatic initiative with his French and German counterparts to resolve the long-standing issue concerning Iran’s nuclear activities by peaceful means.
Thus, when the deal was finally agreed in 2015, it was hailed as the EU’s first major feat of international diplomacy, even though it took the belated intervention of former US President Barack Obama to seal the agreement.
And it is for this reason that the EU is determined not to let its cherished diplomatic triumph wither on the vine, no matter how provocative Iran’s actions might be.
The other factor, of course, that helps to explain Europe’s position are the deep-seated feelings of hostility that many European leaders have for Mr Trump, whose administration they fear is more interested in regime change in Tehran than resolving the complex nuclear issue.
Even so, Europe’s insistence on upholding the nuclear deal could ultimately become untenable if Iran goes ahead with its threat to expand its nuclear activity at the same time that it stands accused of conducting a series of unprovoked attacks on international shipping.
If, as looks likely, Iran has embarked on a campaign to disrupt shipping in one of the world’s most important energy arteries, then the most likely response from the US will be to intensify its military presence in the region, with the aim of providing safe passage for vessels passing through the Strait of Hormuz being the main priority.
The last time this happened was towards the end of the Iran-Iraq war in the 1980s, when American and other coalition warships were deployed to escort tankers through the Gulf.
If this policy is repeated, then the pressure will grow on Europe to support the operation, particularly as it is Europe, not the US, that is heavily dependent on the free flow of trade through the Gulf for its energy needs.
Britain, which officially remains committed to the nuclear deal, has already signalled its willingness to support Washington and has deployed warships and marines to the Gulf in support of American operations.
And there are signs that other European countries such as Germany are losing patience with Tehran over its latest antics, with German foreign minister Heiko Maas warning this week that the possibility of conflict in the Gulf could not be ruled out.
Certainly, if Iran continues to inflame tensions in the Gulf, then Europe’s ability to continue defending the deal will no longer be viable.
Con Coughlin is the Telegraph’s defence and foreign affairs editor and author of Khomeini’s Ghost
How to wear a kandura
Dos
- Wear the right fabric for the right season and occasion
- Always ask for the dress code if you don’t know
- Wear a white kandura, white ghutra / shemagh (headwear) and black shoes for work
- Wear 100 per cent cotton under the kandura as most fabrics are polyester
Don’ts
- Wear hamdania for work, always wear a ghutra and agal
- Buy a kandura only based on how it feels; ask questions about the fabric and understand what you are buying
In numbers: PKK’s money network in Europe
Germany: PKK collectors typically bring in $18 million in cash a year – amount has trebled since 2010
Revolutionary tax: Investigators say about $2 million a year raised from ‘tax collection’ around Marseille
Extortion: Gunman convicted in 2023 of demanding $10,000 from Kurdish businessman in Stockholm
Drug trade: PKK income claimed by Turkish anti-drugs force in 2024 to be as high as $500 million a year
Denmark: PKK one of two terrorist groups along with Iranian separatists ASMLA to raise “two-digit million amounts”
Contributions: Hundreds of euros expected from typical Kurdish families and thousands from business owners
TV channel: Kurdish Roj TV accounts frozen and went bankrupt after Denmark fined it more than $1 million over PKK links in 2013
Frida%20
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Our family matters legal consultant
Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
The advice provided in our columns does not constitute legal advice and is provided for information only. Readers are encouraged to seek independent legal advice.
HOSTS
T20 WORLD CUP
2024: US and West Indies; 2026: India and Sri Lanka; 2028: Australia and New Zealand; 2030: England, Ireland and Scotland
ODI WORLD CUP
2027: South Africa, Zimbabwe and Namibia; 2031: India and
Bangladesh
CHAMPIONS TROPHY
2025: Pakistan; 2029: India
MATCH INFO
Alaves 1 (Perez 65' pen)
Real Madrid 2 (Ramos 52', Carvajal 69')
BRIEF SCORES
England 228-7, 50 overs
N Sciver 51; J Goswami 3-23
India 219, 48.4 overs
P Raut 86, H Kaur 51; A Shrubsole 6-46
England won by nine runs
WHAT IS A BLACK HOLE?
1. Black holes are objects whose gravity is so strong not even light can escape their pull
2. They can be created when massive stars collapse under their own weight
3. Large black holes can also be formed when smaller ones collide and merge
4. The biggest black holes lurk at the centre of many galaxies, including our own
5. Astronomers believe that when the universe was very young, black holes affected how galaxies formed
From Zero
Artist: Linkin Park
Label: Warner Records
Number of tracks: 11
Rating: 4/5
The rules on fostering in the UAE
A foster couple or family must:
- be Muslim, Emirati and be residing in the UAE
- not be younger than 25 years old
- not have been convicted of offences or crimes involving moral turpitude
- be free of infectious diseases or psychological and mental disorders
- have the ability to support its members and the foster child financially
- undertake to treat and raise the child in a proper manner and take care of his or her health and well-being
- A single, divorced or widowed Muslim Emirati female, residing in the UAE may apply to foster a child if she is at least 30 years old and able to support the child financially
if you go
The flights Fly Dubai, Air Arabia, Emirates, Etihad, and Royal Jordanian all offer direct, three-and-a-half-hour flights from the UAE to the Jordanian capital Amman. Alternatively, from June Fly Dubai will offer a new direct service from Dubai to Aqaba in the south of the country. See the airlines’ respective sites for varying prices or search on reliable price-comparison site Skyscanner.
The trip
Jamie Lafferty was a guest of the Jordan Tourist Board. For more information on adventure tourism in Jordan see Visit Jordan. A number of new and established tour companies offer the chance to go caving, rock-climbing, canyoning, and mountaineering in Jordan. Prices vary depending on how many activities you want to do and how many days you plan to stay in the country. Among the leaders are Terhaal, who offer a two-day canyoning trip from Dh845 per person. If you really want to push your limits, contact the Stronger Team. For a more trek-focused trip, KE Adventure offers an eight-day trip from Dh5,300 per person.
NO OTHER LAND
Director: Basel Adra, Yuval Abraham, Rachel Szor, Hamdan Ballal
Stars: Basel Adra, Yuval Abraham
Rating: 3.5/5
At a glance
Global events: Much of the UK’s economic woes were blamed on “increased global uncertainty”, which can be interpreted as the economic impact of the Ukraine war and the uncertainty over Donald Trump’s tariffs.
Growth forecasts: Cut for 2025 from 2 per cent to 1 per cent. The OBR watchdog also estimated inflation will average 3.2 per cent this year
Welfare: Universal credit health element cut by 50 per cent and frozen for new claimants, building on cuts to the disability and incapacity bill set out earlier this month
Spending cuts: Overall day-to day-spending across government cut by £6.1bn in 2029-30
Tax evasion: Steps to crack down on tax evasion to raise “£6.5bn per year” for the public purse
Defence: New high-tech weaponry, upgrading HM Naval Base in Portsmouth
Housing: Housebuilding to reach its highest in 40 years, with planning reforms helping generate an extra £3.4bn for public finances
COMPANY%20PROFILE
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EName%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESmartCrowd%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E2018%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounder%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESiddiq%20Farid%20and%20Musfique%20Ahmed%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EDubai%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESector%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFinTech%20%2F%20PropTech%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInitial%20investment%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E%24650%2C000%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ECurrent%20number%20of%20staff%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%2035%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%20stage%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESeries%20A%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestors%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EVarious%20institutional%20investors%20and%20notable%20angel%20investors%20(500%20MENA%2C%20Shurooq%2C%20Mada%2C%20Seedstar%2C%20Tricap)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Dubai Rugby Sevens
November 30-December 2, at The Sevens, Dubai
Gulf Under 19
Pool A – Abu Dhabi Harlequins, Jumeirah College Tigers, Dubai English Speaking School 1, Gems World Academy
Pool B – British School Al Khubairat, Bahrain Colts, Jumeirah College Lions, Dubai English Speaking School 2
Pool C - Dubai College A, Dubai Sharks, Jumeirah English Speaking School, Al Yasmina
Pool D – Dubai Exiles, Dubai Hurricanes, Al Ain Amblers, Deira International School
Ms Yang's top tips for parents new to the UAE
- Join parent networks
- Look beyond school fees
- Keep an open mind
Director: Laxman Utekar
Cast: Vicky Kaushal, Akshaye Khanna, Diana Penty, Vineet Kumar Singh, Rashmika Mandanna
Rating: 1/5
The%20specs
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EPowertrain%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESingle%20electric%20motor%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPower%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E201hp%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETorque%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E310Nm%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETransmission%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESingle-speed%20auto%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBattery%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E53kWh%20lithium-ion%20battery%20pack%20(GS%20base%20model)%3B%2070kWh%20battery%20pack%20(GF)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETouring%20range%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E350km%20(GS)%3B%20480km%20(GF)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPrice%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFrom%20Dh129%2C900%20(GS)%3B%20Dh149%2C000%20(GF)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EOn%20sale%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Now%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The specs
Engine: 1.5-litre turbo
Power: 181hp
Torque: 230Nm
Transmission: 6-speed automatic
Starting price: Dh79,000
On sale: Now
Formula Middle East Calendar (Formula Regional and Formula 4)
Round 1: January 17-19, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 2: January 22-23, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 3: February 7-9, Dubai Autodrome – Dubai
Round 4: February 14-16, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 5: February 25-27, Jeddah Corniche Circuit – Saudi Arabia
Specs
Engine: Duel electric motors
Power: 659hp
Torque: 1075Nm
On sale: Available for pre-order now
Price: On request
Racecard:
6.30pm: Mazrat Al Ruwayah (PA) | Group 2 | US$55,000 (Dirt) | 1,600 metres
7.05pm: Meydan Sprint (TB) | Group 2 | $250,000 (Turf) | 1,000m
7.40pm: Firebreak Stakes | Group 3 | $200,000 (D) | 1,600m
8.15pm: Meydan Trophy | Conditions (TB) | $100,000 (T) | 1,900m
8.50pm: Balanchine | Group 2 (TB) | $250,000 (T) | 1,800m
9.25pm: Handicap (TB) | $135,000 (D) | 1,200m
10pm: Handicap (TB) | $175,000 (T) | 2,410m.
THE SPECS
Engine: 3.5-litre supercharged V6
Power: 416hp at 7,000rpm
Torque: 410Nm at 3,500rpm
Transmission: 6-speed manual
Fuel consumption: 10.2 l/100km
Price: Dh375,000
On sale: now
Graduated from the American University of Sharjah
She is the eldest of three brothers and two sisters
Has helped solve 15 cases of electric shocks
Enjoys travelling, reading and horse riding
