Outside the gates of Mysore Palace in Mysore, India, which has launched a campaign to recycle rubbish for compost and electricity. Corbis
Outside the gates of Mysore Palace in Mysore, India, which has launched a campaign to recycle rubbish for compost and electricity. Corbis

How do we maximise the benefit of mass tourism while minimising the harm?



Birdsong and the distant rumble of traffic accompany the sound of my breath; I call it the symphony of existence. It's early morning but the Sun and the Moon are both still visible. This is something I never knew was possible until I came to the UAE. From my hotel balcony, I can see the green of the treetops stretching off into the distance, eventually merging with the Hajjar mountains. The whole scene is bathed in an early morning haze but this veil of mist is not enough to conceal the beauty of the Al Ain oasis.

Abu Dhabi is on track to attract 4.9 million hotel guests this year. The human-made attractions like the Louvre Abu Dhabi, Formula One racetrack, Yas Waterworld and more are complemented by the natural beauty of places like Al Ain, Liwa and the Empty Quarter. I love taking my visitors to experience the futuristic practicality of Masdar City. I typically follow the trip to Masdar with a quick visit to Emirates Palace. The juxtaposition of austere simplicity with Louis XIV-style opulence can be mind-altering.

It is hardly surprising that Abu Dhabi’s visitor numbers are on the rise and with more attractions on the way, I’m sure the 4.9 million figure will be smashed this year. Tourism, however, can be a double-edged sword. Popularity can carry with it the seeds of its own demise.

Mass tourism with large groups of people travelling for recreation and leisure is still a relatively new thing. Its inception is often credited to Thomas Cook, a British entrepreneur who began offering rail tours around the UK in the 1840s. These excursions began as outings for members of the temperance movement, a socio-political group whose members stood against the ills of alcohol, a group to which Cook himself belonged.

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It seems a little ironic that a temperance advocate like Cook would unwittingly popularise an activity like tourism that is sometimes criticised for bringing out our most loutish, disrespectful and intemperate behaviours. Tourists misbehaving – typically drunken tourists – has become cliche in some nations. Being a stranger in a foreign land is disinhibiting for most people but for a small minority, it unleashes an inner beast. 

The outrages of unruly holidaymakers have become a staple of mainstream media. last year we saw reports such as the story of a tourist who damaged an 800-year-old museum artefact just so he could take a photo of his child and headlines about visitors to Thailand arrested for taking nude photos at a historic temple. Even as far back as the 1920s, there are reports of American tourists causing outrage in Paris as they took advantage of the weak franc and the availability of cheap drinks.

Tourist misbehaviour is undoubtedly the exception rather than the rule. Most tourists are respectful towards their hosts. However, as the number of tourists grows, the misbehaving minority also increases in size, as does their negative impact. Over the second half of the last century, the number of adults taking foreign holidays went from nine million a year to 32 million, more than a threefold increase in less than 50 years. According to the United Nations' World Tourism Organisation, the burgeoning middle classes in nations such as China will swell the number of tourist trips taken each year to about two billion by 2030. 

The challenge now is how to maximise the benefits of mass tourism while minimising its harms. On a personal level, we can lessen some adverse effects by being sensitive and respectful to the people, laws and social norms of the places we visit. This obviously necessitates learning a little about the destination before departure.

Perhaps we also need additional, alternative metrics for calculating the net benefits of tourism. Beyond the number of visitors and economic impact, we might even consider counting, monitoring and reporting the number of tourist-related incidents. It is also worth exploring ways in which tourists might contribute to the social good of our societies beyond merely spending money. Perhaps it is time to spend one day cleaning a beach and another day enjoying its beauty.

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Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.

Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.

Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.

“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.

Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.

From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.

Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.

BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.

Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.

Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.

“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.

“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.

“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”

The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”

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