A customer uses their smart phone to enter the Amazon Go location in New York. Starbucks via AP
A customer uses their smart phone to enter the Amazon Go location in New York. Starbucks via AP
A customer uses their smart phone to enter the Amazon Go location in New York. Starbucks via AP
A customer uses their smart phone to enter the Amazon Go location in New York. Starbucks via AP

Opinion

Comment

Cavemen needed a set of skills to survive, much like today we need digital literacy

  • English
  • Arabic
Dr Patrick Noack is an executive director at the Dubai Future Foundation

August 02, 2024

Picture this: it's a pre-historic age. The Sun rises over the horizon. It’s peaceful, only the birds chirp in the distance – some are close by. Gorg, a caveman, rolls out of his sleeping spot and readies himself for the day. His glance sweeps across the cave, mentally ticking off each of his family members as he sees them. And that’s when his eyes settle on Frurughz, the young male who has joined his family settlement when a pack of sabre-toothed tigers took out Frurughz’s community.

Gorg did not mind his presence. Not only had Frurughz remained an orphan at an early age, he also had wildly different interests and aptitudes than Gorg’s clan. His hunting and tool-shaping skills are just not up to par. What’s worse, he has no grasp of the terminology Gorg and his clan use to ambush and hunt down a mammoth.

Or, as Gorg would tell Armundzf, the mother of his children, and others around the table at his cave-folk dinner party, over a mammoth rib and some protozoan-infested water: Frurughz is such an illiterate.

For a person to become an active member of society, at any period in history, literacy in a certain number of areas is required. A minimal level is needed to survive in society and higher levels of literacy will result in thriving, not just surviving.

Throughout the ages, acquiring skills has been an evolutionary attribute of humanity and the importance and implications for people, society and the economy cannot be understated. Every technological and social step forward has contributed to who we are today. Agriculture, literature, arts, mathematics, engineering, the pyramids, and so much more, tell who we are, over time.

I am sure that during the age of hunter-gatherers, minimal literacy was about hunting and gathering. Plus, there will have been elements of shelter-building, clothes-making and culture-forming. All knowledge was imparted experientially by family and clan members, passed down the ages by storytelling.

A child uses a mobile phone as she watches the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) Museum Air Show Festival in Nairobi, Kenya. Reuters
A child uses a mobile phone as she watches the Kenya Defence Forces (KDF) Museum Air Show Festival in Nairobi, Kenya. Reuters

I suspect that diversification of literacy-types will have evolved over the ages, too. Pyramids, temples, colosseums and other ancient super structures remain from a time that was hugely articulate: not everyone had to be a master temple-builder; but everyone had to have some form of literacy for a place in that society. The empires of ancient times had schools for some – mostly the wealthy or of royal descent, like those who became scribes in Mesopotamia – and advanced skills were taught on the job: masonry, shipbuilding, farming and so on.

I learnt a few basics on a Sinclair ZX81 with my dad’s computer instructor in the early 1980s. My son learns everything online, without an instructor

Fast-forward to the year 2000, and 75 per cent of the global population has received some form of elementary schooling, though regional and country variations are significant. Learning has moved from being a specialised on-the-job experience-based endeavour to being an in-class taught undertaking.

This latter approach has lifted the level of literacy that we commonly see today: children, adolescents and learners acquire fundamental literacy skills in reading, writing and mathematics. Specialised skills are taught in advanced learning settings as well as through apprenticeships and other means. However, the core skills that everyone needs are taught formally. This poses a conundrum, because the “core” changes over time.

Along come Generation Z (1997-2010) and Alpha (post-2010) – and the technologies they are native to, and that we older generations have learnt to use or at least live with. I learnt a few basics on a Sinclair ZX81 with my dad’s computer instructor in the early 1980s. My son learns everything online, without an instructor. And I mean everything. The opportunities are infinitely greater today, as are the risks.

The use of technology in everyday lives has led to growth in scams and fraud. Reem Mohammed / The National
The use of technology in everyday lives has led to growth in scams and fraud. Reem Mohammed / The National
Phishing is one of the most common methods used by fraudsters and it involves sending an unsolicited email that appears to be from a financial institution or online retailer. The National
Phishing is one of the most common methods used by fraudsters and it involves sending an unsolicited email that appears to be from a financial institution or online retailer. The National
Smishing — the SMS equivalent of phishing — is where fraudsters falsify the telephone number so it appears to be a genuine text from a bank or well-known company. Chris Whiteoak / The National
Smishing — the SMS equivalent of phishing — is where fraudsters falsify the telephone number so it appears to be a genuine text from a bank or well-known company. Chris Whiteoak / The National
Vishing is the telephone equivalent of phishing and smishing. Fraudsters may pose as bank staff, police or government officials. Getty Images
Vishing is the telephone equivalent of phishing and smishing. Fraudsters may pose as bank staff, police or government officials. Getty Images
SIM swap involves fraudsters duplicating the SIM of your mobile number without your knowledge or authorisation, allowing them to conduct financial transactions with your bank. AP
SIM swap involves fraudsters duplicating the SIM of your mobile number without your knowledge or authorisation, allowing them to conduct financial transactions with your bank. AP
Identity theft is where someone illegally obtains your confidential information, through various ways such as theft of your wallet, bank and utility bill statements, computer intrusion and social networks. Getty Images
Identity theft is where someone illegally obtains your confidential information, through various ways such as theft of your wallet, bank and utility bill statements, computer intrusion and social networks. Getty Images
Prize scams involve fraudsters claiming to represent well-known organisations. They contact victims to tell them they have won a cash prize and request them to share confidential banking details to transfer the prize money.
Prize scams involve fraudsters claiming to represent well-known organisations. They contact victims to tell them they have won a cash prize and request them to share confidential banking details to transfer the prize money.
Instagram influencer Ramon Abbas, known as Hushpuppi, used a technique known as business email compromise.
Instagram influencer Ramon Abbas, known as Hushpuppi, used a technique known as business email compromise.
The tax authority said some bank customers in the UAE have received phishing emails impersonating financial institutions. EPA
The tax authority said some bank customers in the UAE have received phishing emails impersonating financial institutions. EPA
Jenny Ross, Which? Money editor, says: ‘Scammers are relentless when it comes to wanting our personal information and ultimately our money.’ PA
Jenny Ross, Which? Money editor, says: ‘Scammers are relentless when it comes to wanting our personal information and ultimately our money.’ PA
Netflix's The Tinder Swindler tells the story of three women who say they were conned out of $500. Photo: @simon_leviev_official via Instagram
Netflix's The Tinder Swindler tells the story of three women who say they were conned out of $500. Photo: @simon_leviev_official via Instagram

The entirety of our lives is online – from memories to bank accounts, to our social lives, our shopping lists and our travel arrangements. It often feels like malicious actors access my content with greater ease than I’m able to myself. This is precisely why digital literacy, while not new, is of paramount and universal importance. This entails understanding the meaning and impact of what we do, should or should not do online and how we protect ourselves and our families.

The race against viruses, phishing scams and malware in general is relentless. As private-sector companies invest significant percentages of their revenue to protect themselves, we need to become as literate as we possibly can, even if we are only end-users and not tech-savvy folks with specialist knowledge. While governments have a role in regulating and policing online activity, it is down to each single user to protect themselves.

And so, we come full circle: we live in a world in which classroom learning is being re-designed and re-configured, moving online and becoming personalised. Digital literacy is more important than ever today and for the future (as is financial literacy, by the way). Should this be taught alongside maths, reading and writing? Or should this happen indirectly, organically, through both official and dubious sources?

I don’t have an answer, but I would dread the day when I am at a dinner party and need to explain to my friends, over beef ribs and kale salad, that I have lost our holiday snaps because I was computer illiterate.

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Rating: 3/5

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Difference between fractional ownership and timeshare

Although similar in its appearance, the concept of a fractional title deed is unlike that of a timeshare, which usually involves multiple investors buying “time” in a property whereby the owner has the right to occupation for a specified period of time in any year, as opposed to the actual real estate, said John Peacock, Head of Indirect Tax and Conveyancing, BSA Ahmad Bin Hezeem & Associates, a law firm.

MATCH INFO

First Test at Barbados
West Indies won by 381 runs

Second Test at Antigua
West Indies won by 10 wickets

Third Test at St Lucia
February 9-13

 

From Zero

Artist: Linkin Park

Label: Warner Records

Number of tracks: 11

Rating: 4/5

LILO & STITCH

Starring: Sydney Elizebeth Agudong, Maia Kealoha, Chris Sanders

Director: Dean Fleischer Camp

Rating: 4.5/5

Sole survivors
  • Cecelia Crocker was on board Northwest Airlines Flight 255 in 1987 when it crashed in Detroit, killing 154 people, including her parents and brother. The plane had hit a light pole on take off
  • George Lamson Jr, from Minnesota, was on a Galaxy Airlines flight that crashed in Reno in 1985, killing 68 people. His entire seat was launched out of the plane
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  • Jim Polehinke was the co-pilot and sole survivor of a 2006 Comair flight that crashed in Lexington, Kentucky, killing 49.
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Borussia Monchengladbach v Bayer Leverkusen (5.30pm)

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The more serious side of specialty coffee

While the taste of beans and freshness of roast is paramount to the specialty coffee scene, so is sustainability and workers’ rights.

The bulk of genuine specialty coffee companies aim to improve on these elements in every stage of production via direct relationships with farmers. For instance, Mokha 1450 on Al Wasl Road strives to work predominantly with women-owned and -operated coffee organisations, including female farmers in the Sabree mountains of Yemen.

Because, as the boutique’s owner, Garfield Kerr, points out: “women represent over 90 per cent of the coffee value chain, but are woefully underrepresented in less than 10 per cent of ownership and management throughout the global coffee industry.”

One of the UAE’s largest suppliers of green (meaning not-yet-roasted) beans, Raw Coffee, is a founding member of the Partnership of Gender Equity, which aims to empower female coffee farmers and harvesters.

Also, globally, many companies have found the perfect way to recycle old coffee grounds: they create the perfect fertile soil in which to grow mushrooms. 

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Killing of Qassem Suleimani
At a glance

Global events: Much of the UK’s economic woes were blamed on “increased global uncertainty”, which can be interpreted as the economic impact of the Ukraine war and the uncertainty over Donald Trump’s tariffs.

 

Growth forecasts: Cut for 2025 from 2 per cent to 1 per cent. The OBR watchdog also estimated inflation will average 3.2 per cent this year

 

Welfare: Universal credit health element cut by 50 per cent and frozen for new claimants, building on cuts to the disability and incapacity bill set out earlier this month

 

Spending cuts: Overall day-to day-spending across government cut by £6.1bn in 2029-30 

 

Tax evasion: Steps to crack down on tax evasion to raise “£6.5bn per year” for the public purse

 

Defence: New high-tech weaponry, upgrading HM Naval Base in Portsmouth

 

Housing: Housebuilding to reach its highest in 40 years, with planning reforms helping generate an extra £3.4bn for public finances

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
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Defence review at a glance

• Increase defence spending to 2.5% of GDP by 2027 but given “turbulent times it may be necessary to go faster”

• Prioritise a shift towards working with AI and autonomous systems

• Invest in the resilience of military space systems.

• Number of active reserves should be increased by 20%

• More F-35 fighter jets required in the next decade

• New “hybrid Navy” with AUKUS submarines and autonomous vessels

About Housecall

Date started: July 2020

Founders: Omar and Humaid Alzaabi

Based: Abu Dhabi

Sector: HealthTech

# of staff: 10

Funding to date: Self-funded

Specs
Engine: Electric motor generating 54.2kWh (Cooper SE and Aceman SE), 64.6kW (Countryman All4 SE)
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Torque: 330Nm (Cooper and Aceman), 494Nm (Countryman)
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UPI facts

More than 2.2 million Indian tourists arrived in UAE in 2023
More than 3.5 million Indians reside in UAE
Indian tourists can make purchases in UAE using rupee accounts in India through QR-code-based UPI real-time payment systems
Indian residents in UAE can use their non-resident NRO and NRE accounts held in Indian banks linked to a UAE mobile number for UPI transactions

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Learn more about Qasr Al Hosn
Know before you go
  • Jebel Akhdar is a two-hour drive from Muscat airport or a six-hour drive from Dubai. It’s impossible to visit by car unless you have a 4x4. Phone ahead to the hotel to arrange a transfer.
  • If you’re driving, make sure your insurance covers Oman.
  • By air: Budget airlines Air Arabia, Flydubai and SalamAir offer direct routes to Muscat from the UAE.
  • Tourists from the Emirates (UAE nationals not included) must apply for an Omani visa online before arrival at evisa.rop.gov.om. The process typically takes several days.
  • Flash floods are probable due to the terrain and a lack of drainage. Always check the weather before venturing into any canyons or other remote areas and identify a plan of escape that includes high ground, shelter and parking where your car won’t be overtaken by sudden downpours.

 

MATCH INFO

Sheffield United 3

Fleck 19, Mousset 52, McBurnie 90

Manchester United 3

Williams 72, Greenwood 77, Rashford 79

The specs

Engine: 0.8-litre four cylinder

Power: 70bhp

Torque: 66Nm

Transmission: four-speed manual

Price: $1,075 new in 1967, now valued at $40,000

On sale: Models from 1966 to 1970

F1 line ups in 2018

Mercedes-GP Lewis Hamilton and Valtteri Bottas; Ferrari Sebastian Vettel and Kimi Raikkonen; Red Bull Daniel Ricciardo and Max Verstappen; Force India Esteban Ocon and Sergio Perez; Renault Nico Hülkenberg and Carlos Sainz Jr; Williams Lance Stroll and Felipe Massa / Robert Kubica / Paul di Resta; McLaren Fernando Alonso and Stoffel Vandoorne; Toro Rosso TBA; Haas F1 Romain Grosjean and Kevin Magnussen; Sauber TBA

ILT20%20UAE%20stars
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Updated: August 02, 2024, 4:00 AM`
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