Mahmoud Al Mahdi, 73, hangs a map of Palestine embroidered by his wife, on the wall of their home in Abu Dis, a Jerusalem suburb separated from the holy city by Israel's security barrier. Heidi Levine for The National
Mahmoud Al Mahdi, 73, hangs a map of Palestine embroidered by his wife, on the wall of their home in Abu Dis, a Jerusalem suburb separated from the holy city by Israel's security barrier. Heidi Levine for The National
Mahmoud Al Mahdi, 73, hangs a map of Palestine embroidered by his wife, on the wall of their home in Abu Dis, a Jerusalem suburb separated from the holy city by Israel's security barrier. Heidi Levine for The National
Mahmoud Al Mahdi, 73, hangs a map of Palestine embroidered by his wife, on the wall of their home in Abu Dis, a Jerusalem suburb separated from the holy city by Israel's security barrier. Heidi Levine


It's time to do away with the legacy laws enforced on Palestine


  • English
  • Arabic

October 20, 2022

During the past month, Israel has held 800 Palestinians under administrative detention orders, expelled several Palestinians from East Jerusalem, seized more Arab-owned land from areas around Hebron and in the Jordan Valley turning much of it over to settlers, and instituted a lockdown of many Palestinian areas during Jewish religious days. All of this passed without notice in the US press because Israeli policies, such as these, have long been routine features of the decades-long occupation.

All of these practices, however, are in violation of international law, and all have a disturbing history in Palestine/Israel.

Many of them were initially put in place by the British as part of their effort to squash the Great Palestinian Revolt of 1936-1939. Back then, as Palestinian rebels at the peak of their uprising had gained control of significant areas of the country, the British put in place what they termed the “Emergency Military Administration in Palestine". Under the provisions of this new regime, thousands of Palestinians were arrested and detained without charge, hundreds were expelled, villages were subjected to collective punishment, and Palestinian properties were confiscated and/or destroyed, all in an effort to end the Revolt.

Arab Palestinian refugees return to their village after its surrender during the 1948 Arab war against the proclamation of the Israeli State, on 15 September, 1948. AFP
Arab Palestinian refugees return to their village after its surrender during the 1948 Arab war against the proclamation of the Israeli State, on 15 September, 1948. AFP

While these repressive measures did play a role, what finally ended the Revolt was a combination of false promises by the British. They pledged that they would consider Palestinian demands for independence. The naivete of some Arab leaders, who accepted these British pledges, caused them to press the Palestinian fighters to disarm.

Palestinians are not 'children of a lesser god'. They deserve the rights guaranteed by the Geneva Conventions

After the Second World War, when faced with a new threat from a Zionist armed insurgency, Britain reinstated the Emergency Administration, this time directed against the Jewish militias. In response, Jewish leaders rose up in outrage. One noted attorney, Ya’acov Shimshon Shapiro (who later served as Israel’s Attorney General and Minister of Justice), criticised these British laws as “unparalleled in any civilised country".

There were, he said, “no such laws even in Nazi Germany … There is only one form of government which resembles the system in force here now – the case of an occupied country … It is our duty to tell the whole world that the Defence Laws passed by the British Mandatory Government of Palestine destroy the very foundation of justice in this land".

He concluded by noting that “no government has the right to pass such laws". Given this outrage and condemnation, it might be seen as ironic that immediately upon assuming state power in 1948, the State of Israel would adopt these very same laws, applying them to the Palestinian population that remained after the Nakba, without any protest from Jewish jurists.

Between 1948 and 1965, the Emergency Defence Laws (EDL), as they were now called, were in place in order to control the captive Palestinian community in Israel. Collectively, these laws functioned to establish a military administration over the Arab sector; give the state the power to institute collective punishment; intern Palestinian citizens of Israel without judicial process; expel Palestinian citizens without recourse; confiscate Arab-owned land; and impose curfews and lockdowns over entire regions.

Israeli Arabs hold a Palestinian flag during a protest against the Jewish nation bill in Tel Aviv, Israel, on August 11, 2018. The law enshrined Israel's Jewish character and downgraded the standing of Arabic from an official to a "special" language. AP
Israeli Arabs hold a Palestinian flag during a protest against the Jewish nation bill in Tel Aviv, Israel, on August 11, 2018. The law enshrined Israel's Jewish character and downgraded the standing of Arabic from an official to a "special" language. AP

While the EDL were formally lifted in 1965, they were resurrected and rehabilitated in 1967, this time to be applied, even more harshly, to the areas of Palestine that had been occupied in the 1967 war. Collective punishment of entire villages was widespread, as was the use of administrative detention. No political parties or expressions of Palestinian national identity were allowed. More than 1,200 Palestinian leaders – mayors, college presidents, labour leaders and clergy members – were expelled. Substantial areas of Arab-owned land were confiscated, placed under Israeli control, and declared either “green spaces” or “security zones", off limits to Palestinians, later given over for Israeli settlement construction. And since any Palestinian construction required Israeli permission, which was rarely granted, homes and community buildings were routinely demolished.

Even after the Oslo Accords, which Palestinians hoped would lead to an independent state, provisions of the EDL remained in place as accepted legal practice by the Israeli occupation authorities.

Given that these Israeli “laws” have been in place for more than seven decades, it might not be surprising that western media and political leaders seem to have become inured to such repressive measures. This, however, only adds insult to injury.

Palestinians are not “children of a lesser god”. Like all citizens around the world, they are deserving of the rights guaranteed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Geneva Conventions. Israel’s “security concerns” (like those of the British in the 1930s and 1940s) do not excuse their wholesale violation of international law and conventions. And they do not absolve the silence of the West in the face of this total disregard for Palestinian rights. To repeat the quote from Israel’s first attorney general, these laws “destroy the very foundation of justice in this land … no government has the right to pass such laws".

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Started: November 2017

Founders: Mounir Nakhla, Ahmed Mohsen and Mohamed Aboulnaga

Based: Cairo, Egypt

Sector: transport and logistics

Size: 150 employees

Investment: approximately $8 million

Investors include: Singapore’s Battery Road Digital Holdings, Egypt’s Algebra Ventures, Uber co-founder and former CTO Oscar Salazar

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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
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WHAT IS A BLACK HOLE?

1. Black holes are objects whose gravity is so strong not even light can escape their pull

2. They can be created when massive stars collapse under their own weight

3. Large black holes can also be formed when smaller ones collide and merge

4. The biggest black holes lurk at the centre of many galaxies, including our own

5. Astronomers believe that when the universe was very young, black holes affected how galaxies formed

Company Profile

Name: Thndr
Started: 2019
Co-founders: Ahmad Hammouda and Seif Amr
Sector: FinTech
Headquarters: Egypt
UAE base: Hub71, Abu Dhabi
Current number of staff: More than 150
Funds raised: $22 million

The five pillars of Islam

1. Fasting

2. Prayer

3. Hajj

4. Shahada

5. Zakat 

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While you're here
The story of Edge

Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, established Edge in 2019.

It brought together 25 state-owned and independent companies specialising in weapons systems, cyber protection and electronic warfare.

Edge has an annual revenue of $5 billion and employs more than 12,000 people.

Some of the companies include Nimr, a maker of armoured vehicles, Caracal, which manufactures guns and ammunitions company, Lahab

 

Global state-owned investor ranking by size

1.

United States

2.

China

3.

UAE

4.

Japan

5

Norway

6.

Canada

7.

Singapore

8.

Australia

9.

Saudi Arabia

10.

South Korea

The burning issue

The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE. 

Read part four: an affection for classic cars lives on

Read part three: the age of the electric vehicle begins

Read part one: how cars came to the UAE

 

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Some of Darwish's last words

"They see their tomorrows slipping out of their reach. And though it seems to them that everything outside this reality is heaven, yet they do not want to go to that heaven. They stay, because they are afflicted with hope." - Mahmoud Darwish, to attendees of the Palestine Festival of Literature, 2008

His life in brief: Born in a village near Galilee, he lived in exile for most of his life and started writing poetry after high school. He was arrested several times by Israel for what were deemed to be inciteful poems. Most of his work focused on the love and yearning for his homeland, and he was regarded the Palestinian poet of resistance. Over the course of his life, he published more than 30 poetry collections and books of prose, with his work translated into more than 20 languages. Many of his poems were set to music by Arab composers, most significantly Marcel Khalife. Darwish died on August 9, 2008 after undergoing heart surgery in the United States. He was later buried in Ramallah where a shrine was erected in his honour.

Lexus LX700h specs

Engine: 3.4-litre twin-turbo V6 plus supplementary electric motor

Power: 464hp at 5,200rpm

Torque: 790Nm from 2,000-3,600rpm

Transmission: 10-speed auto

Fuel consumption: 11.7L/100km

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4,872 matches 

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15 Lebanese teams

2 Kuwaiti teams

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Juan Martin Del Potro (29) v Thanasi Kokkinakis
Agnieszka Radwanska (9) v Jelena Jankovic
Jeremy Chardy v Tomas Berdych (11)
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Engine: 1.5-litre turbo

Power: 181hp

Torque: 230Nm

Transmission: 6-speed automatic

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Tips to keep your car cool
  • Place a sun reflector in your windshield when not driving
  • Park in shaded or covered areas
  • Add tint to windows
  • Wrap your car to change the exterior colour
  • Pick light interiors - choose colours such as beige and cream for seats and dashboard furniture
  • Avoid leather interiors as these absorb more heat
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
The burning issue

The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE.

Read part three: the age of the electric vehicle begins

Read part two: how climate change drove the race for an alternative 

Read part one: how cars came to the UAE

Dubai Bling season three

Cast: Loujain Adada, Zeina Khoury, Farhana Bodi, Ebraheem Al Samadi, Mona Kattan, and couples Safa & Fahad Siddiqui and DJ Bliss & Danya Mohammed 

Rating: 1/5

Updated: October 23, 2022, 2:03 PM`