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UN peacekeepers on Tuesday warned the Israeli military has committed “severe violations” of a 1974 ceasefire deal with Syria as it carries out a substantial construction project along the Alpha Line, which separates the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights from Syrian territory.
Construction work, which reportedly began in July, follows other major Israeli infrastructure projects, including new roadways and a buffer zone along the Gaza frontier. The Israeli military has also begun demolishing villages in Lebanon, where other UN peacekeepers have reportedly come under fire.
“Violations of the 1974 Disengagement Agreement have occurred where engineering works have encroached into the AoS [Area of Separation]. There have been several violations by [the Israeli military] in the form of their presence in the AoS because of these activities,” the UN Disengagement Observer Force (Undof) said in a statement.
Undof observed continuing “engineering groundwork activities” by Israeli forces building ditches along several sections of the Alpha Line.
Last month, UN special envoy for Syria Geir Pedersen reported to the UN Security Council that the peacekeeping mission had seen an “Israeli battle tank and excavators cross the ceasefire line into the area of separation” in the demilitarised zone on the Israel-Syria border.
Syrian authorities have voiced “strong protests” over the construction, citing concerns over Israeli military equipment and personnel in the demilitarised zone, Undof noted.
Although violence has not erupted along the Alpha Line, Undof warned the Israeli actions “have the potential to increase tensions in the area and are being closely monitored”.
Israel seized the Golan Heights from Syria during the 1967 Arab-Israeli war. In 1974, the UN Security Council established Undof to monitor a 400-square-kilometre demilitarised zone after another war in 1973.
Undof now has about 1,100 troops from Fiji, India, Kazakhstan, Nepal and Uruguay patrolling the area. Israel formally annexed the Golan Heights in 1981, a move condemned by a UN resolution as “null and void”, with no international legal validity.
In 2019, then-president Donald Trump declared US recognition of Israel’s sovereignty over the Golan, a decision upheld by the subsequent Biden administration.
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Killing of Qassem Suleimani
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The estimated cost of Victoria Swarovski’s gem-encrusted Michael Cinco wedding gown
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The hours it took to create Cinco’s vermillion petal gown, as seen in his atelier [note, is the one he’s playing with in the corner of a room]
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Champions League quarter-final, first leg
Ajax v Juventus, Wednesday, 11pm (UAE)
Match on BeIN Sports
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Empty Words
By Mario Levrero
(Coffee House Press)
What is graphene?
Graphene is a single layer of carbon atoms arranged like honeycomb.
It was discovered in 2004, when Russian-born Manchester scientists Andrei Geim and Kostya Novoselov were "playing about" with sticky tape and graphite - the material used as "lead" in pencils.
Placing the tape on the graphite and peeling it, they managed to rip off thin flakes of carbon. In the beginning they got flakes consisting of many layers of graphene. But as they repeated the process many times, the flakes got thinner.
By separating the graphite fragments repeatedly, they managed to create flakes that were just one atom thick. Their experiment had led to graphene being isolated for the very first time.
At the time, many believed it was impossible for such thin crystalline materials to be stable. But examined under a microscope, the material remained stable, and when tested was found to have incredible properties.
It is many times times stronger than steel, yet incredibly lightweight and flexible. It is electrically and thermally conductive but also transparent. The world's first 2D material, it is one million times thinner than the diameter of a single human hair.
But the 'sticky tape' method would not work on an industrial scale. Since then, scientists have been working on manufacturing graphene, to make use of its incredible properties.
In 2010, Geim and Novoselov were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics. Their discovery meant physicists could study a new class of two-dimensional materials with unique properties.
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Name: Dr Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
Biography
Her family: She has four sons, aged 29, 27, 25 and 24 and is a grandmother-of-nine
Favourite book: Flashes of Thought by Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid
Favourite drink: Water
Her hobbies: Reading and volunteer work
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Her motto: I don't wait, I initiate
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