One of the world's leading biodiversity institutes has issued guidelines for the replacement of northern Europe's traditionally favoured tree species, compiling a top selection of climate-resilient trees from Spain, Portugal, Mexico and China.
More than half of the 11,000 trees at the famous Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew, in London, could be at risk by the late 21st century owing to climate change, the report warned.
Native trees including English oak and common beech are recorded as dying in the hotter temperatures, and trees from warmer parts of the world will be needed instead.
Kew experts said urban planners and gardeners may need to turn to resilient species from hotter climates as the UK's weather warms.
Richard Barley, director of gardens at Kew, said the report was a crucial step towards understanding the effects of climate change on “living landscapes” and the environment.
“This is not just about Kew Gardens, though. It is a broad call to diversify the plants we select for our landscapes,” he said.
“By focusing on resilience and adaptability, we hope to show it is possible to mitigate the severe impacts of climate change in both urban spaces and gardens such as Kew.”
Climate change models show that, in 2050, conditions in London could be comparable to present-day Barcelona.
The report used modelling to assess how well species have adapted to a given climate and how that might change over time, to determine the trees that need to be planted in the UK now to protect landscapes for future generations.
The results found that if temperatures at Kew increased by 4°C, more than 50 per cent of its tree species could be vulnerable by 2090 – which is within the lifetime of most trees.
Alternative modelling, which combines more conservative moisture and annual temperatures, showed one third of Kew’s trees may be vulnerable by 2090. Under both scenarios, native silver birch and holly could be at risk in the UK in areas that will have a similar climate to Kew.
Trees that could replace the dying native species include Farges’ fir and Iberian alder, from Portugal and Spain, the cherry hackberry from China, Myanmar and Tibet, and Mexico’s spoon oak.
Experts at Kew warned there was an urgent need for “succession planting” across the UK because trees and woody shrubs act as “nature’s air conditioning”, managing the effects of urban heat islands, where cities are hotter than the surrounding area.
But their long lifespan means they cannot adapt easily to such a rapidly changing climate, and many of the trees being planted in the UK are failing, botanists said.
Tom Freeth, head of living collection support at Kew, added that it hoped others could use the report as inspiration, and develop revisions and improvements.
“Fundamentally, we want to raise awareness of what we’re likely to experience over the next 100 years, which will be profoundly different to what we have experienced in the past and showcase some of the steps we can take to address a rapidly changing climate,” he said.
The report was spurred on by the 2022 drought in which more than 400 trees were lost at the 130-hectare gardens in west London. On average, 30 trees are lost most years.
In some good news for Kew’s collection, all of the “Old Lions” – five of the oldest trees in the garden – are expected to thrive even in the worst-case climate scenario. These are a Japanese pagoda tree, Maidenhair tree, Oriental plane, Caucasian elm and Black locust.
These trees, none of which are native to British soil, were planted in the mid-1700s when Princess Augusta created a 3.6-hectare botanic garden at Kew.
Stamp duty timeline
December 2014: Former UK finance minister George Osbourne reforms stamp duty, replacing the slab system with a blended rate scheme, with the top rate increasing to 12 per cent from 10 per cent:
Up to £125,000 - 0%; £125,000 to £250,000 – 2%; £250,000 to £925,000 – 5%; £925,000 to £1.5m: 10%; Over £1.5m – 12%
April 2016: New 3% surcharge applied to any buy-to-let properties or additional homes purchased.
July 2020: Rishi Sunak unveils SDLT holiday, with no tax to pay on the first £500,000, with buyers saving up to £15,000.
March 2021: Mr Sunak decides the fate of SDLT holiday at his March 3 budget, with expectations he will extend the perk unti June.
April 2021: 2% SDLT surcharge added to property transactions made by overseas buyers.
Fight card
Bantamweight
Siyovush Gulmamadov (TJK) v Rey Nacionales (PHI)
Lightweight
Alexandru Chitoran (ROM) v Hussein Fakhir Abed (SYR)
Catch 74kg
Tohir Zhuraev (TJK) v Omar Hussein (JOR)
Strawweight (Female)
Weronika Zygmunt (POL) v Seo Ye-dam (KOR)
Featherweight
Kaan Ofli (TUR) v Walid Laidi (ALG)
Lightweight
Leandro Martins (BRA) v Abdulla Al Bousheiri (KUW)
Welterweight
Ahmad Labban (LEB) v Sofiane Benchohra (ALG)
Bantamweight
Jaures Dea (CAM) v Nawras Abzakh (JOR)
Lightweight
Mohammed Yahya (UAE) v Glen Ranillo (PHI)
Lightweight
Alan Omer (GER) v Aidan Aguilera (AUS)
Welterweight
Mounir Lazzez (TUN) Sasha Palatnikov (HKG)
Featherweight title bout
Romando Dy (PHI) v Lee Do-gyeom (KOR)
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Key findings of Jenkins report
- Founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, Hassan al Banna, "accepted the political utility of violence"
- Views of key Muslim Brotherhood ideologue, Sayyid Qutb, have “consistently been understood” as permitting “the use of extreme violence in the pursuit of the perfect Islamic society” and “never been institutionally disowned” by the movement.
- Muslim Brotherhood at all levels has repeatedly defended Hamas attacks against Israel, including the use of suicide bombers and the killing of civilians.
- Laying out the report in the House of Commons, David Cameron told MPs: "The main findings of the review support the conclusion that membership of, association with, or influence by the Muslim Brotherhood should be considered as a possible indicator of extremism."
THE SPECS
Engine: 3.6-litre V6
Transmission: eight-speed automatic
Power: 285bhp
Torque: 353Nm
Price: TBA
On sale: Q2, 2020
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Tamkeen's offering
- Option 1: 70% in year 1, 50% in year 2, 30% in year 3
- Option 2: 50% across three years
- Option 3: 30% across five years
Cryopreservation: A timeline
- Keyhole surgery under general anaesthetic
- Ovarian tissue surgically removed
- Tissue processed in a high-tech facility
- Tissue re-implanted at a time of the patient’s choosing
- Full hormone production regained within 4-6 months
Tips to keep your car cool
- Place a sun reflector in your windshield when not driving
- Park in shaded or covered areas
- Add tint to windows
- Wrap your car to change the exterior colour
- Pick light interiors - choose colours such as beige and cream for seats and dashboard furniture
- Avoid leather interiors as these absorb more heat
Fight card
1. Featherweight 66kg: Ben Lucas (AUS) v Ibrahim Kendil (EGY)
2. Lightweight 70kg: Mohammed Kareem Aljnan (SYR) v Alphonse Besala (CMR)
3. Welterweight 77kg:Marcos Costa (BRA) v Abdelhakim Wahid (MAR)
4. Lightweight 70kg: Omar Ramadan (EGY) v Abdimitalipov Atabek (KGZ)
5. Featherweight 66kg: Ahmed Al Darmaki (UAE) v Kagimu Kigga (UGA)
6. Catchweight 85kg: Ibrahim El Sawi (EGY) v Iuri Fraga (BRA)
7. Featherweight 66kg: Yousef Al Husani (UAE) v Mohamed Allam (EGY)
8. Catchweight 73kg: Mostafa Radi (PAL) v Ahmed Abdelraouf of Egypt (EGY)
9. Featherweight 66kg: Jaures Dea (CMR) v Andre Pinheiro (BRA)
10. Catchweight 90kg: Tarek Suleiman (SYR) v Juscelino Ferreira (BRA)
THE SPECS
Engine: 3.5-litre supercharged V6
Power: 416hp at 7,000rpm
Torque: 410Nm at 3,500rpm
Transmission: 6-speed manual
Fuel consumption: 10.2 l/100km
Price: Dh375,000
On sale: now
Off-roading in the UAE: How to checklist
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Akeed
Based: Muscat
Launch year: 2018
Number of employees: 40
Sector: Online food delivery
Funding: Raised $3.2m since inception
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
