The lines on the 3D computer-generated skull might appear to be the guidelines of a surgeon preparing to operate. Markers denote the thickness of the soft tissue, the profile of the nose and a deformity near the jaw.
But this is not a patient set for plastic surgery. It is the outline scans of an ancient Egyptian mummy called Meresamun, whose face has been recreated despite her resting in an unopened sarcophagus at the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford.
It is the work of a remarkable Brazilian – part artist, part scientist.
Cicero Moraes, 42, has rebuilt the faces of historical figures such as Beethoven, Mozart and Dante, as well as the "delicate, rounded" face of Egyptian pharoah Tutankhamun.
He recreated the face of 13th century Portuguese monk Anthony of Padua, and Latin America’s first saint, Rose of Lima. He has used the technique to create plastic limbs for injured animals, support police investigations and to help surgeons operating on real-life patients.
It is a hobby that began more than a decade ago after Moraes was grazed by a bullet in the head when he tried to protect his family from an armed robbery, and began experiencing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder.
Already a talented graphic designer, he taught himself how to do facial reconstructions, or “facial approximation”.
“I was always a ‘nerd’ who loved computer graphics and studying," Moraes told The National.
"To cope, I did what I’ve always done during difficult times: I immersed myself in studying something meaningful. At that moment, I felt a strong urge to learn about forensic facial approximation.
"I committed myself deeply, and two years later I was hired to perform 24 facial reconstructions for an exhibition in Padua, Italy – including the face of Saint Anthony of Padua.”
As his work grew, he was contacted by doctors and plastic surgeons preparing for highly complex facial reconstruction surgery, including cancer patients, and by the police requiring post-mortem identifications. He then moved on to historical figures before pulling off one of his most difficult assignments, an Egyptian mummy still inside her sarcophogus.
Moraes, who is based in the town of Sinop in the heart of Brazil, was captivated by the ancient Egyptian priestess Meresamu.
He was drawn to her life as a member of the Thebian elite who played a key cultural and spiritual role in her time, as well as the fact that the data from the CT scans had been put in the public domain for other researchers to use.
The symbols on her colourful coffin indicate she was a priestess and woman of high rank in the ancient city of Thebes, living about 800BC under the rule of Egypt's 22nd dynasty.
Her official title indicates she was a singer inside the Temple of Amun in Karnak near Luxor, and her name means “Amun Loves Her". The major Egyptian deity was thought to be the King of the Gods, and was fused with the Sun God Ra.
Her singing was so valued that after her death, she was depicted wearing a vulture headdress in an elaborately decorated sarcophagus.
Computed tomography (CT) scans by the University of Chicago, taken in 2012, allowed scientists to peer at the human remains wrapped in the papyrus. Those scans, which were made publicly available, were the basis for Moraes's reconstruction. He said the mummy was “remarkably well preserved”.
His technique involves arranging the skull in segments, applying markers for soft tissue, and then nasal and profile projections.
The resulting base face is then digitally sculpted. Soft tissue markers were applied to the 3-D scan of the skull to design the lips, nose and other features, guided by data from living people. A CT scan from a living donor was then combined with the resulting image, to reflect the mummy’s appropriate age, skin tone and texture.
Meresamun was given a fringe and bob haircut, inspired by ancient Egyptian art.
Moraes used estimates from the CT scans about the size of Meresamun’s head and her body weight. She is believed to have been shorter (1.47 metres) and with a larger head than the average women of her time.
It can take two weeks of full-time work to develop each facial reconstruction, and the software that he developed to do them is distributed for free.
Leaps and bounds in the available technology help make Moraes’s work more accurate, he explains. Attempts to rebuild Meresamun’s face began in 2009, using “manual or hybrid techniques, even when digital", he said.
Today, with specialised algorithms, increased computer power and robust anatomical libraries, a higher degree of anatomical simulation can be achieved.
“The final result is a serene and harmonious face, conveying dignity and subtlety. Aesthetic dramatisation was avoided in favour of anatomical plausibility and historical respect,” Moraes told The National.
No reconstruction can ever be like for like, he explains, as a “degree of speculation” is required, but the estimates that he used were “scientifically grounded”.
He claims he has no favourites out of the 150 reconstructions he has completed.
“I'll be honest, I like everything I've done because I somehow learn or execute something I appreciate.
“At 39, I was identified as a gifted and highly skilled person with an IQ of 142. IQ alone doesn't mean much, but the fact is that, thanks to this I was able to enter academia and make many formal publications about my work. Today, in addition to facial reconstructions, I do other research and develop a solution for human surgical planning, used by surgeons in 33 countries.
“Keeping my mind active is essential for me, and seeing projects being executed brings a lot of joy, especially when I make new friends, in the case of facial approximations, or when I see lives being restructured, as in the case of surgical planning.”
Moraes says that surgical planning is his greatest challenge as he is dealing with real lives and any error could put them at risk.
“Fortunately, everything has worked very well, and we have helped people from babies to the elderly with these tools.”
But a highlight of his career has been in 2016, when he made a prosthetic shell for a turtle who had lost hers from burns in a fire. He worked closely with a team of vets to reconstruct the old shell, which was then 3-D printed and placed on the turtle.
The method has also been used for prosthetic toucan, goose, parrot and macaw beaks.
Moraes said he often gets a "positive" response to his work, but that his reconstruction of religious figures have also sparked "intense debate". But that does not deter him. "Even so, these moments have led to open and enriching academic dialogue," he said.
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Dhadak 2
Director: Shazia Iqbal
Starring: Siddhant Chaturvedi, Triptii Dimri
Rating: 1/5
Joy%20Ride%20
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MATCH INFO
Qalandars 112-4 (10 ovs)
Banton 53 no
Northern Warriors 46 all out (9 ovs)
Kumara 3-10, Garton 3-10, Jordan 2-2, Prasanna 2-7
Qalandars win by six wickets
The specs: 2017 Maserati Quattroporte
Price, base / as tested Dh389,000 / Dh559,000
Engine 3.0L twin-turbo V8
Transmission Eight-speed automatic
Power 530hp @ 6,800rpm
Torque 650Nm @ 2,000 rpm
Fuel economy, combined 10.7L / 100km
COMPANY PROFILE
Founders: Alhaan Ahmed, Alyina Ahmed and Maximo Tettamanzi
Total funding: Self funded
The specs
Engine: 3.9-litre twin-turbo V8
Transmission: seven-speed
Power: 720hp
Torque: 770Nm
Price: Dh1,100,000
On sale: now
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LIVING IN...
This article is part of a guide on where to live in the UAE. Our reporters will profile some of the country’s most desirable districts, provide an estimate of rental prices and introduce you to some of the residents who call each area home.
Watch live
The National will broadcast live from the IMF on Friday October 13 at 7pm UAE time (3pm GMT) as our Editor-in-Chief Mina Al-Oraibi moderates a panel on how technology can help growth in MENA.
You can find out more here
Play-off fixtures
Two-legged ties to be played November 9-11 and November 12-14
- Northern Ireland v Switzerland
- Croatia v Greece
- Denmark v Ireland
- Sweden v Italy
Abandon
Sangeeta Bandyopadhyay
Translated by Arunava Sinha
Tilted Axis Press
The specs: 2018 Alfa Romeo Stelvio
Price, base: Dh198,300
Engine: 2.0L in-line four-cylinder
Transmission: Eight-speed automatic
Power: 280hp @ 5,250rpm
Torque: 400Nm @ 2,250rpm
Fuel economy, combined: 7L / 100km
Reputation
Taylor Swift
(Big Machine Records)
Our legal consultants
Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
Red flags
- Promises of high, fixed or 'guaranteed' returns.
- Unregulated structured products or complex investments often used to bypass traditional safeguards.
- Lack of clear information, vague language, no access to audited financials.
- Overseas companies targeting investors in other jurisdictions - this can make legal recovery difficult.
- Hard-selling tactics - creating urgency, offering 'exclusive' deals.
Courtesy: Carol Glynn, founder of Conscious Finance Coaching
How to help
Send “thenational” to the following numbers or call the hotline on: 0502955999
2289 – Dh10
2252 – Dh 50
6025 – Dh20
6027 – Dh 100
6026 – Dh 200
The%20specs%20
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'The Woman in the House Across the Street from the Girl in the Window'
Director:Michael Lehmann
Stars:Kristen Bell
Rating: 1/5
GOLF’S RAHMBO
- 5 wins in 22 months as pro
- Three wins in past 10 starts
- 45 pro starts worldwide: 5 wins, 17 top 5s
- Ranked 551th in world on debut, now No 4 (was No 2 earlier this year)
- 5th player in last 30 years to win 3 European Tour and 2 PGA Tour titles before age 24 (Woods, Garcia, McIlroy, Spieth)
Most match wins on clay
Guillermo Vilas - 659
Manuel Orantes - 501
Thomas Muster - 422
Rafael Nadal - 399 *
Jose Higueras - 378
Eddie Dibbs - 370
Ilie Nastase - 338
Carlos Moya - 337
Ivan Lendl - 329
Andres Gomez - 322
The%20specs%20
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EEngine%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E2.0-litre%204cyl%20turbo%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPower%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E261hp%20at%205%2C500rpm%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETorque%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E400Nm%20at%201%2C750-4%2C000rpm%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ETransmission%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E7-speed%20dual-clutch%20auto%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFuel%20consumption%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E10.5L%2F100km%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EOn%20sale%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ENow%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPrice%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFrom%20Dh129%2C999%20(VX%20Luxury)%3B%20from%20Dh149%2C999%20(VX%20Black%20Gold)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The specs: 2018 Range Rover Velar R-Dynamic HSE
Price, base / as tested: Dh263,235 / Dh420,000
Engine: 3.0-litre supercharged V6
Power 375hp @ 6,500rpm
Torque: 450Nm @ 3,500rpm
Transmission: Eight-speed automatic
Fuel consumption, combined: 9.4L / 100kms
The Travel Diaries of Albert Einstein The Far East, Palestine, and Spain, 1922 – 1923
Editor Ze’ev Rosenkranz
Princeton
Sreesanth's India bowling career
Tests 27, Wickets 87, Average 37.59, Best 5-40
ODIs 53, Wickets 75, Average 33.44, Best 6-55
T20Is 10, Wickets 7, Average 41.14, Best 2-12
Ready Player One
Dir: Steven Spielberg
Starring: Tye Sheridan, Olivia Cooke, Ben Mendelsohn, Mark Rylance
RACECARD
6pm Emaar Dubai Sprint – Conditions (TB) $60,000 (Turf) 1,200m
6.35pm Graduate Stakes – Conditions (TB) $100,000 (Dirt) 1,600m
7.10pm Al Khail Trophy – Listed (TB) $100,000 (T) 2,810m
7.45pm UAE 1000 Guineas – Listed (TB) $150,000 (D) 1,600m
8.20pm Zabeel Turf – Listed (TB) $100,000 (T) 2,000m
8.55pm Downtown Dubai Cup – Rated Conditions (TB) $80,000 (D) 1,400m
9.30pm Zabeel Mile – Group 2 (TB) $180,000 (T) 1,600m
10.05pm Dubai Sprint – Listed (TB) $100,000 (T) 1,200m
'The Sky is Everywhere'
Director:Josephine Decker
Stars:Grace Kaufman, Pico Alexander, Jacques Colimon
Rating:2/5
Cricket World Cup League 2 Fixtures
Saturday March 5, UAE v Oman, ICC Academy (all matches start at 9.30am)
Sunday March 6, Oman v Namibia, ICC Academy
Tuesday March 8, UAE v Namibia, ICC Academy
Wednesday March 9, UAE v Oman, ICC Academy
Friday March 11, Oman v Namibia, Sharjah Cricket Stadium
Saturday March 12, UAE v Namibia, Sharjah Cricket Stadium
UAE squad
Ahmed Raza (captain), Chirag Suri, Muhammad Waseem, CP Rizwan, Vriitya Aravind, Asif Khan, Basil Hameed, Rohan Mustafa, Kashif Daud, Zahoor Khan, Junaid Siddique, Karthik Meiyappan, Akif Raja, Rahul Bhatia
BIGGEST CYBER SECURITY INCIDENTS IN RECENT TIMES
SolarWinds supply chain attack: Came to light in December 2020 but had taken root for several months, compromising major tech companies, governments and its entities
Microsoft Exchange server exploitation: March 2021; attackers used a vulnerability to steal emails
Kaseya attack: July 2021; ransomware hit perpetrated REvil, resulting in severe downtime for more than 1,000 companies
Log4j breach: December 2021; attackers exploited the Java-written code to inflitrate businesses and governments
Credit Score explained
What is a credit score?
In the UAE your credit score is a number generated by the Al Etihad Credit Bureau (AECB), which represents your credit worthiness – in other words, your risk of defaulting on any debt repayments. In this country, the number is between 300 and 900. A low score indicates a higher risk of default, while a high score indicates you are a lower risk.
Why is it important?
Financial institutions will use it to decide whether or not you are a credit risk. Those with better scores may also receive preferential interest rates or terms on products such as loans, credit cards and mortgages.
How is it calculated?
The AECB collects information on your payment behaviour from banks as well as utilitiy and telecoms providers.
How can I improve my score?
By paying your bills on time and not missing any repayments, particularly your loan, credit card and mortgage payments. It is also wise to limit the number of credit card and loan applications you make and to reduce your outstanding balances.
How do I know if my score is low or high?
By checking it. Visit one of AECB’s Customer Happiness Centres with an original and valid Emirates ID, passport copy and valid email address. Liv. customers can also access the score directly from the banking app.
How much does it cost?
A credit report costs Dh100 while a report with the score included costs Dh150. Those only wanting the credit score pay Dh60. VAT is payable on top.
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Zayed%20Centre%20for%20Research
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Living in...
This article is part of a guide on where to live in the UAE. Our reporters will profile some of the country’s most desirable districts, provide an estimate of rental prices and introduce you to some of the residents who call each area home.
The specs
Engine: 4.0-litre V8
Power: 503hp at 6,000rpm
Torque: 685Nm at 2,000rpm
Transmission: 8-speed auto
Price: from Dh850,000
On sale: now
THE 12 BREAKAWAY CLUBS
England
Arsenal, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Tottenham Hotspur
Italy
AC Milan, Inter Milan, Juventus
Spain
Atletico Madrid, Barcelona, Real Madrid
Education reform in Abu Dhabi
The emirate’s public education system has been in a constant state of change since the New School Model was launched in 2010 by the Abu Dhabi Education Council. The NSM, which is also known as the Abu Dhabi School Model, transformed the public school curriculum by introducing bilingual education starting with students from grades one to five. Under this new curriculum, the children spend half the day learning in Arabic and half in English – being taught maths, science and English language by mostly Western educated, native English speakers. The NSM curriculum also moved away from rote learning and required teachers to develop a “child-centered learning environment” that promoted critical thinking and independent learning. The NSM expanded by one grade each year and by the 2017-2018 academic year, it will have reached the high school level. Major reforms to the high school curriculum were announced in 2015. The two-stream curriculum, which allowed pupils to elect to follow a science or humanities course of study, was eliminated. In its place was a singular curriculum in which stem -- science, technology, engineering and maths – accounted for at least 50 per cent of all subjects. In 2016, Adec announced additional changes, including the introduction of two levels of maths and physics – advanced or general – to pupils in Grade 10, and a new core subject, career guidance, for grades 10 to 12; and a digital technology and innovation course for Grade 9. Next year, the focus will be on launching a new moral education subject to teach pupils from grades 1 to 9 character and morality, civic studies, cultural studies and the individual and the community.
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Is it worth it? We put cheesecake frap to the test.
The verdict from the nutritionists is damning. But does a cheesecake frappuccino taste good enough to merit the indulgence?
My advice is to only go there if you have unusually sweet tooth. I like my puddings, but this was a bit much even for me. The first hit is a winner, but it's downhill, slowly, from there. Each sip is a little less satisfying than the last, and maybe it was just all that sugar, but it isn't long before the rush is replaced by a creeping remorse. And half of the thing is still left.
The caramel version is far superior to the blueberry, too. If someone put a full caramel cheesecake through a liquidiser and scooped out the contents, it would probably taste something like this. Blueberry, on the other hand, has more of an artificial taste. It's like someone has tried to invent this drink in a lab, and while early results were promising, they're still in the testing phase. It isn't terrible, but something isn't quite right either.
So if you want an experience, go for a small, and opt for the caramel. But if you want a cheesecake, it's probably more satisfying, and not quite as unhealthy, to just order the real thing.
