Iraqi Kurds have offered help to their cousins in Syria and welcomed the move by Turkey's Kurdistan Workers' Party to embark on a peace process. AFP
Iraqi Kurds have offered help to their cousins in Syria and welcomed the move by Turkey's Kurdistan Workers' Party to embark on a peace process. AFP
Iraqi Kurds have offered help to their cousins in Syria and welcomed the move by Turkey's Kurdistan Workers' Party to embark on a peace process. AFP
Iraqi Kurds have offered help to their cousins in Syria and welcomed the move by Turkey's Kurdistan Workers' Party to embark on a peace process. AFP

The future of the Kurds: From dreams of independence to settling for peace


Aveen Karim
  • English
  • Arabic

Rapid shifts and outbreaks of turmoil in Middle East politics have left their mark on the role and ambitions of the region's Kurds.

With a population spread across key countries – Iraq, Syria, Turkey and Iran – the recent changes have turned the Kurdish dream of independence transform into one of peace.

Messages issued by Kurdish officials from Iraq and Syria in recent months have called for the prevention of conflict and the safeguarding of peace to preserve what they have.

“The power of peace is greater than the power of all wars,” the President of the Kurdish region of Iraq, Nechirvan Barzani, said at the Sulaimani Forum last week, echoing a sentiment that seems to be shared across the Kurdish political spectrum.

The catalyst for the change was the collapse of the Assad regime in Syria at the end of last year. The new self-appointed government's efforts to consolidate power clash with the autonomy that Kurdish areas in the north-east had established during more than a decade of war.

Surrounded by conflict, and countries that have historically suppressed independence movements, the Kurds in Iraq appear to have adopted a more pragmatic approach as they seek to position themselves as mediators for peace. However, they continue to face domestic challenges.

The Iraqi Kurds have offered help to their cousins in Syria in preserving their autonomy under the new government, and welcomed moves by the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) to embark on a peace process with Turkey.

The change of power in Syria has led to the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces ceding control over parts of the country. EPA
The change of power in Syria has led to the Kurdish-led Syrian Democratic Forces ceding control over parts of the country. EPA

Advantage of autonomy

Iraqi Kurds have for the past three decades enjoyed autonomy from the government in Baghdad and used it to their advantage to forge their own political and economic path. They have cultivated their own regional relations and formed their own government, unlike Kurds elsewhere.

While the rest of Iraq was mired in conflict, the Kurdistan region stood in contrast as a beacon of peace, to the point that independence seemed within reach until the regional response to a 2017 referendum shattered the dream.

Slowly, the federal government in Baghdad started dragging the balance of power its way, with a series of supreme court rulings undermining Kurdish autonomy. In addition, the two ruling Kurdish parties – the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK) – have been at odds in recent years with both sides criticising one another.

Delayed parliamentary elections took place on October 20 but parties have yet to reach a consensus on forming a government, raising concerns that they may fail to do so before Iraq’s parliamentary election on November 11. Mr Barzani urged the KDP and the PUK to “expedite” the process.

With officials both from sides in Sulaymaniyah for the forum, the two parties held a meeting there on Thursday but no details were revealed. The KDP was represented by senior party official Hoshyar Zebari while the PUK team was chaired by Qubad Talabani, who is also the incumbent deputy prime minister of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG).

But despite its internal quarrelling, the Kurdish region is determined to help pave the path forward towards peace.

“If we can play an effective role in mediating between the parties involved in regional hostilities and improving the security of the region, that would be a positive contribution,” Prime Minister Masrour Barzani said.

President Nechirvan Barzani stated that “the Kurds and the people of Kurdistan are inherently peaceful … whenever there has been a hint of peace, the people of Kurdistan embraced it with optimism”.

In a likely reference to developments in Syria and Turkey, he said attempts to erase the Kurds in the past had been unsuccessful and only damaged the wider region.

“The last century has unequivocally shown that the disregard and rejection of the rights of the Kurds and the people of Kurdistan have led to ongoing conflict, chaos, destruction, suffering, and stagnation in the region,” he said.

President Nechirvan Barzani of Iraq's Kurdish region described his people as 'inherently peaceful'. Aymen Al Ameri / The National
President Nechirvan Barzani of Iraq's Kurdish region described his people as 'inherently peaceful'. Aymen Al Ameri / The National

The model of autonomy in the Kurdish region of Iraq is seen as a successful one, with its leaders balancing relations with Baghdad, Iran, Turkey and the US.

“We are one of the major partners in the Middle East,” KRG Interior Minister Rebar Ahmed said.

“We have to talk about the equilibrium of the nationalities who are living here, from the Kurdish perspective, we have to take care of the future of all the constituents here in the Middle East,” he said, echoing the notion that perhaps they could represent Kurds elsewhere as opportunities for peace arise.

Turkish question

In Turkey, Kurds have endured decades of conflict between the state and the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) – an insurgent group designated as a terrorist organisation by Ankara, the US and the European Union.

An opportunity arose at the end of February when jailed PKK leader Abdullah Ocalan issued a call to the group to disarm and disband, raising hopes of a renewed peace process to end a conflict that has claimed more than 40,000 lives on both sides.

Ahead of the announcement, the Turkish party that mediated between the PKK and the government held meetings with Kurdish officials in both Erbil and Sulaymaniyah, seeking the support of their Iraqi counterparts in the process.

“Developments in Turkey aimed at fostering peace represent a significant historical opportunity. We wholeheartedly endorse and support these efforts,” President Barzani said.

“Through peace, the role of Kurdistan in the region will be greatly strengthened.” However, “peace cannot be achieved by one side alone,” Prime Minister Barzani noted, recognising the involvement of nationalist parties in Turkey as a positive sign.

The PKK announced a ceasefire shortly after Ocalan’s call but a framework for the peace process is yet to be revealed. The historic announcement came months after the regime change in Syria where Kurdish groups that Ankara considers to be PKK-affiliated have carved their own areas of control.

“Ocalan’s initiative was very welcomed by us because during all these years, Turkey’s reason to attack us in the north-east was related to the PKK,” Ilham Ahmed, co-chairman of foreign affairs for the SDF's political wing, the Syrian Democratic Council (SDC), told The National. She said that the group's own peace process with Turkey was a separate matter.

But the priority for Kurds in Syria at the moment is ensuring their rights in the country’s new constitution and political framework.

Ilham Ahmed, a foreign affairs spokeswoman for Kurds in Syria, welcomed peace efforts by counterparts in Turkey. Sunniva Rose/The National
Ilham Ahmed, a foreign affairs spokeswoman for Kurds in Syria, welcomed peace efforts by counterparts in Turkey. Sunniva Rose/The National

Decentralisation in Syria

“Our brothers and sisters in Syria can benefit from the Kurdistan Region’s experiment,” Masrour Barzani stated. “What is important for us is that they are united. If they are united they can preserve their rights better.”

“The solution of the Kurdish issue in Syria is not easy but the Kurdistan Region [of Iraq] is ready to provide support in this regard,” Mr Zebari said.

Syrian President Ahmad Al Shara and SDF chief Mazloum Abdi signed an agreement in March to integrate the forces into Syria’s state institutions. Ms Ahmed described the deal as “historic” but lamented the lack of Kurdish representation in the temporary constitution that followed.

Mr Al Shara signed a 53-article interim constitutional declaration in March, criticised by minority communities for reinforcing religious exclusion and greater rights. It keeps Syria’s name as the Syrian Arab Republic, makes Arabic the sole official language, and enforces Sharia. It also requires that the president be Muslim.

Ms Ahmed said that there were “red lines” when it came to the constitution and that they had proposed changing the country’s name to Republic of Syria to remove the “racist” connotations linked to its current name that omits the existence of other ethnic groups.

The crucial demand with regards to the constitution, agreed upon by the ruling Democratic Union Party (PYD) and the opposition Kurdish National Council (ENKS), is the issue of federalism and decentralisation.

“What we are proposing now … we have years of working on self-administration … we are proposing this model to be used in other areas,” Ms Ahmed said, referring to other areas such as Deraa, Idlib and Suwayda where a degree of self-administration has been in place.

“We will insist on this … this model should not just be in the north-east, it should be a model for all of Syria,” she added.

Ms Ahmed emphasised that Kurds in Syria were not seeking independence and argued that decentralisation would lead to further instability and conflict. However, in an unstable and volatile region, unexpected changes could happen at any time.

“Through peace, the role of Kurdistan in the region will be greatly strengthened,” Nechirvan Barzani stated.

Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere

Director: Scott Cooper

Starring: Jeremy Allen White, Odessa Young, Jeremy Strong

Rating: 4/5

Three trading apps to try

Sharad Nair recommends three investment apps for UAE residents:

  • For beginners or people who want to start investing with limited capital, Mr Nair suggests eToro. “The low fees and low minimum balance requirements make the platform more accessible,” he says. “The user interface is straightforward to understand and operate, while its social element may help ease beginners into the idea of investing money by looking to a virtual community.”
  • If you’re an experienced investor, and have $10,000 or more to invest, consider Saxo Bank. “Saxo Bank offers a more comprehensive trading platform with advanced features and insight for more experienced users. It offers a more personalised approach to opening and operating an account on their platform,” he says.
  • Finally, StashAway could work for those who want a hands-off approach to their investing. “It removes one of the biggest challenges for novice traders: picking the securities in their portfolio,” Mr Nair says. “A goal-based approach or view towards investing can help motivate residents who may usually shy away from investment platforms.”
Key Points
  • Protests against President Omar Al Bashir enter their sixth day
  • Reports of President Bashir's resignation and arrests of senior government officials
Company profile

Company: Rent Your Wardrobe 

Date started: May 2021 

Founder: Mamta Arora 

Based: Dubai 

Sector: Clothes rental subscription 

Stage: Bootstrapped, self-funded 

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Creator: Mike White

Starring: Walton Goggins, Jason Isaacs, Natasha Rothwell

Rating: 4.5/5

Name: Brendalle Belaza

From: Crossing Rubber, Philippines

Arrived in the UAE: 2007

Favourite place in Abu Dhabi: NYUAD campus

Favourite photography style: Street photography

Favourite book: Harry Potter

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
The Sand Castle

Director: Matty Brown

Stars: Nadine Labaki, Ziad Bakri, Zain Al Rafeea, Riman Al Rafeea

Rating: 2.5/5

KEY%20DATES%20IN%20AMAZON'S%20HISTORY
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EJuly%205%2C%201994%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Jeff%20Bezos%20founds%20Cadabra%20Inc%2C%20which%20would%20later%20be%20renamed%20to%20Amazon.com%2C%20because%20his%20lawyer%20misheard%20the%20name%20as%20'cadaver'.%20In%20its%20earliest%20days%2C%20the%20bookstore%20operated%20out%20of%20a%20rented%20garage%20in%20Bellevue%2C%20Washington%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EJuly%2016%2C%201995%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amazon%20formally%20opens%20as%20an%20online%20bookseller.%20%3Cem%3EFluid%20Concepts%20and%20Creative%20Analogies%3A%20Computer%20Models%20of%20the%20Fundamental%20Mechanisms%20of%20Thought%3C%2Fem%3E%20becomes%20the%20first%20item%20sold%20on%20Amazon%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E1997%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amazon%20goes%20public%20at%20%2418%20a%20share%2C%20which%20has%20grown%20about%201%2C000%20per%20cent%20at%20present.%20Its%20highest%20closing%20price%20was%20%24197.85%20on%20June%2027%2C%202024%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E1998%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amazon%20acquires%20IMDb%2C%20its%20first%20major%20acquisition.%20It%20also%20starts%20selling%20CDs%20and%20DVDs%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E2000%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amazon%20Marketplace%20opens%2C%20allowing%20people%20to%20sell%20items%20on%20the%20website%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E2002%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amazon%20forms%20what%20would%20become%20Amazon%20Web%20Services%2C%20opening%20the%20Amazon.com%20platform%20to%20all%20developers.%20The%20cloud%20unit%20would%20follow%20in%202006%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E2003%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amazon%20turns%20in%20an%20annual%20profit%20of%20%2475%20million%2C%20the%20first%20time%20it%20ended%20a%20year%20in%20the%20black%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E2005%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amazon%20Prime%20is%20introduced%2C%20its%20first-ever%20subscription%20service%20that%20offered%20US%20customers%20free%20two-day%20shipping%20for%20%2479%20a%20year%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E2006%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amazon%20Unbox%20is%20unveiled%2C%20the%20company's%20video%20service%20that%20would%20later%20morph%20into%20Amazon%20Instant%20Video%20and%2C%20ultimately%2C%20Amazon%20Video%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E2007%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amazon's%20first%20hardware%20product%2C%20the%20Kindle%20e-reader%2C%20is%20introduced%3B%20the%20Fire%20TV%20and%20Fire%20Phone%20would%20come%20in%202014.%20Grocery%20service%20Amazon%20Fresh%20is%20also%20started%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E2009%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amazon%20introduces%20Amazon%20Basics%2C%20its%20in-house%20label%20for%20a%20variety%20of%20products%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E2010%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20The%20foundations%20for%20Amazon%20Studios%20were%20laid.%20Its%20first%20original%20streaming%20content%20debuted%20in%202013%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E2011%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20The%20Amazon%20Appstore%20for%20Google's%20Android%20is%20launched.%20It%20is%20still%20unavailable%20on%20Apple's%20iOS%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E2014%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20The%20Amazon%20Echo%20is%20launched%2C%20a%20speaker%20that%20acts%20as%20a%20personal%20digital%20assistant%20powered%20by%20Alexa%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E2017%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amazon%20acquires%20Whole%20Foods%20for%20%2413.7%20billion%2C%20its%20biggest%20acquisition%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E2018%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Amazon's%20market%20cap%20briefly%20crosses%20the%20%241%20trillion%20mark%2C%20making%20it%2C%20at%20the%20time%2C%20only%20the%20third%20company%20to%20achieve%20that%20milestone%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
RACE CARD

6.30pm: Madjani Stakes Group 2 (PA) Dh97,500 (Dirt) 1,900m
7.05pm: Maiden (TB) Dh82,500 (D) 1,400m
7.40pm: Maiden (TB) Dh82,500 (D) 1,600m
8.15pm: Handicap (TB) Dh87,500 (D) 2,200m
8.50pm: Dubai Creek Mile Listed (TB) Dh132,500 (D) 1,600m
9.25pm: Conditions (TB) Dh120,000 (D) 1,900m
10pm: Handicap (TB) Dh92,500 (D) 1,400m

Lewis Hamilton in 2018

Australia 2nd; Bahrain 3rd; China 4th; Azerbaijan 1st; Spain 1st; Monaco 3rd; Canada 5th; France 1st; Austria DNF; Britain 2nd; Germany 1st; Hungary 1st; Belgium 2nd; Italy 1st; Singapore 1st; Russia 1st; Japan 1st; United States 3rd; Mexico 4th

SUNDAY'S ABU DHABI T10 MATCHES

Northern Warriors v Team Abu Dhabi, 3.30pm
Bangla Tigers v Karnataka Tuskers, 5.45pm
Qalandars v Maratha Arabians, 8pm

Generational responses to the pandemic

Devesh Mamtani from Century Financial believes the cash-hoarding tendency of each generation is influenced by what stage of the employment cycle they are in. He offers the following insights:

Baby boomers (those born before 1964): Owing to market uncertainty and the need to survive amid competition, many in this generation are looking for options to hoard more cash and increase their overall savings/investments towards risk-free assets.

Generation X (born between 1965 and 1980): Gen X is currently in its prime working years. With their personal and family finances taking a hit, Generation X is looking at multiple options, including taking out short-term loan facilities with competitive interest rates instead of dipping into their savings account.

Millennials (born between 1981 and 1996): This market situation is giving them a valuable lesson about investing early. Many millennials who had previously not saved or invested are looking to start doing so now.

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Engine: 1.5-litre turbo

Power: 181hp

Torque: 230Nm

Transmission: 6-speed automatic

Starting price: Dh79,000

On sale: Now

A Prayer Before Dawn

Director: Jean-Stephane Sauvaire

Starring: Joe Cole, Somluck Kamsing, Panya Yimmumphai

Three stars

Company profile

Name: Steppi

Founders: Joe Franklin and Milos Savic

Launched: February 2020

Size: 10,000 users by the end of July and a goal of 200,000 users by the end of the year

Employees: Five

Based: Jumeirah Lakes Towers, Dubai

Financing stage: Two seed rounds – the first sourced from angel investors and the founders' personal savings

Second round raised Dh720,000 from silent investors in June this year

Skoda Superb Specs

Engine: 2-litre TSI petrol

Power: 190hp

Torque: 320Nm

Price: From Dh147,000

Available: Now

MATCH INFO

Europa League semi-final, second leg
Atletico Madrid (1) v Arsenal (1)

Where: Wanda Metropolitano
When: Thursday, May 3
Live: On BeIN Sports HD

THE TWIN BIO

Their favourite city: Dubai

Their favourite food: Khaleeji

Their favourite past-time : walking on the beach

Their favorite quote: ‘we rise by lifting others’ by Robert Ingersoll

Dubai World Cup nominations

UAE: Thunder Snow/Saeed bin Suroor (trainer), North America/Satish Seemar, Drafted/Doug Watson, New Trails/Ahmad bin Harmash, Capezzano, Gronkowski, Axelrod, all trained by Salem bin Ghadayer

USA: Seeking The Soul/Dallas Stewart, Imperial Hunt/Luis Carvajal Jr, Audible/Todd Pletcher, Roy H/Peter Miller, Yoshida/William Mott, Promises Fulfilled/Dale Romans, Gunnevera/Antonio Sano, XY Jet/Jorge Navarro, Pavel/Doug O’Neill, Switzerland/Steve Asmussen.

Japan: Matera Sky/Hideyuki Mori, KT Brace/Haruki Sugiyama. Bahrain: Nine Below Zero/Fawzi Nass. Ireland: Tato Key/David Marnane. Hong Kong: Fight Hero/Me Tsui. South Korea: Dolkong/Simon Foster.

How to protect yourself when air quality drops

Install an air filter in your home.

Close your windows and turn on the AC.

Shower or bath after being outside.

Wear a face mask.

Stay indoors when conditions are particularly poor.

If driving, turn your engine off when stationary.

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
COMPANY%20PROFILE
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Price, base / as tested: Dh276,675 / Dh346,800

Engine: 3.0-litre turbocharged in-line six-cylinder

Transmission: Eight-speed automatic

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Villains
Queens of the Stone Age
Matador

'Saand Ki Aankh'

Produced by: Reliance Entertainment with Chalk and Cheese Films
Director: Tushar Hiranandani
Cast: Taapsee Pannu, Bhumi Pednekar, Prakash Jha, Vineet Singh
Rating: 3.5/5 stars

INDIA V SOUTH AFRICA

First Test: October 2-6, at Visakhapatnam

Second Test: October 10-14, at Maharashtra

Third Test: October 19-23, at Ranchi

COMPANY%20PROFILE
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Iftar programme at the Sheikh Mohammed Centre for Cultural Understanding

Established in 1998, the Sheikh Mohammed Centre for Cultural Understanding was created with a vision to teach residents about the traditions and customs of the UAE. Its motto is ‘open doors, open minds’. All year-round, visitors can sign up for a traditional Emirati breakfast, lunch or dinner meal, as well as a range of walking tours, including ones to sites such as the Jumeirah Mosque or Al Fahidi Historical Neighbourhood.

Every year during Ramadan, an iftar programme is rolled out. This allows guests to break their fast with the centre’s presenters, visit a nearby mosque and observe their guides while they pray. These events last for about two hours and are open to the public, or can be booked for a private event.

Until the end of Ramadan, the iftar events take place from 7pm until 9pm, from Saturday to Thursday. Advanced booking is required.

For more details, email openminds@cultures.ae or visit www.cultures.ae

 

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%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDirector%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Gina%20Prince-Bythewood%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EStars%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Viola%20Davis%2C%20Thuso%20Mbedu%2C%20Sheila%20Atim%2C%20Lashana%20Lynch%2C%20John%20Boyega%C2%A0%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ERating%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%203%2F5%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Our family matters legal consultant

Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais

Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.

How to donate

Send “thenational” to the following numbers or call the hotline on: 0502955999
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6026 – Dh 200

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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Fixtures and results:

Wed, Aug 29:

  • Malaysia bt Hong Kong by 3 wickets
  • Oman bt Nepal by 7 wickets
  • UAE bt Singapore by 215 runs

Thu, Aug 30: UAE v Nepal; Hong Kong v Singapore; Malaysia v Oman

Sat, Sep 1: UAE v Hong Kong; Oman v Singapore; Malaysia v Nepal

Sun, Sep 2: Hong Kong v Oman; Malaysia v UAE; Nepal v Singapore

Tue, Sep 4: Malaysia v Singapore; UAE v Oman; Nepal v Hong Kong

Thu, Sep 6: Final

SPECS
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What can victims do?

Always use only regulated platforms

Stop all transactions and communication on suspicion

Save all evidence (screenshots, chat logs, transaction IDs)

Report to local authorities

Warn others to prevent further harm

Courtesy: Crystal Intelligence

Where to buy

Limited-edition art prints of The Sofa Series: Sultani can be acquired from Reem El Mutwalli at www.reemelmutwalli.com

Tamkeen's offering
  • Option 1: 70% in year 1, 50% in year 2, 30% in year 3
  • Option 2: 50% across three years
  • Option 3: 30% across five years 
Updated: April 22, 2025, 12:26 PM