The commander of the EU's Red Sea naval defence operation has distanced his mission from daily US strikes on the Houthis, as tension between the Americans and the Iran-backed Yemeni rebels grows.
Houthi rebels on Wednesday claimed to have attacked US warships in the Red Sea three times in the preceding 24 hours with drones and cruise missiles after American strikes killed at least four people in Yemen.
“We are not fighting the Houthis,” Admiral Vasileios Gryparis said in an interview with The National at the headquarters of the EU Naval Force Operation Aspides in the Greek city of Larisa. “We are dealing with their actions against the shipping industry, and we are protecting global common goods like the freedom of navigation, and the sea farers’ lives. We have never injured any Houthis during all these actions that we have taken in that area.”
The EU launched Operation Aspides – named after the Greek word for “shield” – in February 2024 in response to Houthi attacks on shipping in the Gulf of Aden and Red Sea to the Suez Canal. It provides close protection for commercial ships, intercepts strikes on them, and monitors and assesses potential threats.
We don't believe that this problem can be solved only with military actions. In the long run, we need to have the Yemenis on our side
Admiral Vasileios Gryparis
The Houthis began attacking the key global trade artery in November 2023, claiming solidarity with Palestinians as Israeli attacks on Gaza intensified following Hamas’s assault on southern Israel the previous month. Washington redesignated the Yemeni rebels as a terrorist organisation, as the administration of President Donald Trump takes an increasingly offensive posture towards the group.
Limited assets to counter Houthi attacks
Aspides currently has three vessels – the Italian Federico Martinengo, a Hellenic Navy HS Hydra and a French frigate – to cover a huge mission area extending into the north-west Indian Ocean.
Lacking more assets from EU states, Admiral Gryparis has focused efforts on a 2,200km high-threat area where the Houthis have launched most attacks around the Bab Al Mandeb strait, the 26km wide corridor of water that separates Yemen from the Horn of Africa.
“My huge problem is the number of the assets that I have and the vastness of the area of operation, because I cannot protect everybody there,” the commander said.
EU provision of more assets for the mission could help temper US criticism that Europe is not pulling its weight in securing maritime routes. Up to 15 per cent of global maritime trade volumes typically pass through the Red Sea.
“I just hate bailing Europe out again,” US Vice President JD Vance was reported as writing in a leaked Signal conversation last week, as he supported a suggestion to strike the Houthis.
Defence Secretary Pete Hegseth replied: “Vice President, I fully share your loathing of European free-loading. It’s pathetic.”
In response to those claims, Admiral Gryparis said that some of the vessels for which his mission has provided close protection belong to US companies, or have US interests.
“If the European countries want to have greater involvement, of course, they have to decide upon that, and I'm already here to deliver,” he said. “I have already given evidence to everybody that although I don't have the necessary assets, we are doing the best we can, and we provide evidence and numbers.”
In just over a year, the mission has helped the passage of more than 740 vessels, 440 of which were provided with close protection – a task that takes about three days per ship. It has intercepted 18 drones, two drone boats and four anti-ship missiles.
Had the mission not acted, “the [the strikes] would have hit the vessels that we were protecting at that time”, Admiral Gryparis said, with potential “loss of human lives and huge damage on board the vessels”.
The Houthi attacks in the Red Sea have wreaked havoc on global shipping, forcing oil tankers and container vessels to reroute around the Cape of Good Hope south of Africa, vastly increasing costs, fuel consumption and transit time. For Europe, heavily reliant on imports from the East, that created an incentive to create a mechanism to ease commercial ships’ passage through the traditional route.
Forces from 21 of the 27 EU nations are participating in the mission: personnel from Finland, the Netherlands and Poland are seen at the Larisa base. The majority of the rest are on board the Italian Federico Martinengo, the operation’s current flagship.
European concerns over the war in Ukraine and the financial burden of supplying assets to the Red Sea mission are factors in the force’s limited assets, Admiral Gryparis said. Not all EU militaries are suitably equipped to provide, either, lacking the necessary naval vessels with air defences.
“The financial burden for the vessels that are being provided lies on the member states that are providing them, so to some extent it might be a financial reason,” he said.
The “evolution” of other issues in Europe including the Ukraine conflict is also prompting some countries to have, “let's say, second thoughts about how to direct their forces”.
Resumption of attacks
After a lull helped by the ceasefire in Gaza, the Houthis have in recent weeks resumed attacks on US military vessels in the area following a collapse of the truce, prompting concerns for Admiral Gryparis that his mission will become more complex.
“We don't believe that any escalation can provide and contribute to the situation in that area,” he said.
In recent days, US Central Command has confirmed multiple strikes on the Houthis, indicating an offensive approach from which Admiral Gryparis is keen to distance his operations.
“Stop shooting at US ships, and we will stop shooting at you,” President Donald Trump wrote in a social media post on Monday, addressing the Yemeni rebels. “Otherwise, we have only just begun, and the real pain is yet to come, for both the Houthis and their sponsors in Iran.”
Aspides is “totally different” from Washington-led efforts, according to Admiral Gryparis, although his forces co-ordinate with a separate US-led military operation in the area, Operation Prosperity Guardian, to avoid friendly fire incidents and to preserve ammunition by not doubling up on responses to an incoming threat.
“We are not supporting attacks on Yemeni soil,” he added. “So that's a huge difference in how we do things.”
The commander also steered clear of taking political stances on the conflict that prompted the start of the Houthi assault on the shipping lane.
“We are not part of the Gaza conflict. We are not supporting either the Israelis nor the Palestinians,” he said. “We are trying to stay focused on this exact mission and also to describe our mission to the neighbouring countries, and also to pass significant and relative messages to the Houthis on what exactly we are doing.”
The EU does not officially recognise the rebel movement so messages reach them, “indirectly”, Admiral Gryparis said. “Many actors in the area are talking with the Houthis. So by reaching those actors, the messages are also being disseminated to the Houthis,” he added.
Tracking weapons and 'shadow vessels'
In February, the mandate of Aspides was expanded to include the collection of information on weapons trafficking and shadow vessels and sharing it with EU states, Interpol and other international organisations, potentially helping to curb Houthi weapons supplies. Shadow fleets are ships transporting prohibited goods, often used by heavily-sanctioned nations such as Iran and Russia.
“Our understanding is that the weapons that are reaching the Houthis are coming from specific sources,” Admiral Gryparis said. “So if we have a better understanding of where and how these weapons are reaching the Houthis, and we can control it to some extent, this would be very beneficial for the security in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden.”
If we have a better understanding of where and how weapons are reaching the Houthis, and we can control it to some extent, this would be very beneficial for security in the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden
Admiral Vasileios Gryparis
Tehran is widely seen as the Houthis’ main backer, although Admiral Gryparis does not have direct contact with Iran and his operation “is keeping a safe distance”, from its forces.
He did not rule out the possibility that the Houthis may increase attacks to increase Iran’s leverage over the US in talks over its nuclear programme, which Tehran is reluctant to negotiate under Washington's maximum pressure policy.
“As far as the Houthis have the capacity and the will to do that, they might,” Admiral Gryparis said. “Even yesterday we saw that the Iranians seized two merchant vessels and confiscated their load. The tankers were carrying fuel. So that means that also the Iranians are putting, let's say, some extra cargo into the fire.”
Long-term solution is diplomatic
Greater co-operation with countries neighbouring the Red Sea is “on the table”, said Admiral Gryparis. He has also reached out to India to try to get them on board; under his mandate, Admiral Gryparis can invite third-party non-EU states to participate in the operation.
“Some of these countries are already participating in other coalitions in that area for other reasons,” he added. “So they could also join a coalition which is totally defensive.”
The mission’s involvement in helping to prevent a potentially disastrous oil spill last summer, and repelling incoming threats, have helped allay concerns in some neighbouring countries.
“This is evidence to them that we mean what we are saying and that we are totally defensive,” Admiral Gryparis said.
Meanwhile, shipping companies want “guarantees” that the maritime route is safe – a promise Admiral Gryparis cannot give. “With the number of forces that I have, I cannot guarantee to anybody that he can pass totally safely there,” he said. “But I'm giving some numbers that the ships that I have protected have been protected effectively.”
Ultimately, Admiral Gryparis believes that diplomacy must supersede military means in providing a long-term solution to the Houthi threat.
“We don't believe that this problem can be solved only with military actions,” he said. “In the long run, we need to have the Yemenis on our side. Europe will still need the trade routes that pass through the Red Sea. So we have to build up something more permanent.”
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Six tips to secure your smart home
Most smart home devices are controlled via the owner's smartphone. Therefore, if you are using public wi-fi on your phone, always use a VPN (virtual private network) that offers strong security features and anonymises your internet connection.
Keep your smart home devices’ software up-to-date. Device makers often send regular updates - follow them without fail as they could provide protection from a new security risk.
Use two-factor authentication so that in addition to a password, your identity is authenticated by a second sign-in step like a code sent to your mobile number.
Set up a separate guest network for acquaintances and visitors to ensure the privacy of your IoT devices’ network.
Change the default privacy and security settings of your IoT devices to take extra steps to secure yourself and your home.
Always give your router a unique name, replacing the one generated by the manufacturer, to ensure a hacker cannot ascertain its make or model number.
The years Ramadan fell in May
UPI facts
More than 2.2 million Indian tourists arrived in UAE in 2023
More than 3.5 million Indians reside in UAE
Indian tourists can make purchases in UAE using rupee accounts in India through QR-code-based UPI real-time payment systems
Indian residents in UAE can use their non-resident NRO and NRE accounts held in Indian banks linked to a UAE mobile number for UPI transactions
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Tips for job-seekers
- Do not submit your application through the Easy Apply button on LinkedIn. Employers receive between 600 and 800 replies for each job advert on the platform. If you are the right fit for a job, connect to a relevant person in the company on LinkedIn and send them a direct message.
- Make sure you are an exact fit for the job advertised. If you are an HR manager with five years’ experience in retail and the job requires a similar candidate with five years’ experience in consumer, you should apply. But if you have no experience in HR, do not apply for the job.
David Mackenzie, founder of recruitment agency Mackenzie Jones Middle East
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JOURNALISM
Public Service
Anchorage Daily News in collaboration with ProPublica
Breaking News Reporting
Staff of The Courier-Journal, Louisville, Ky.
Investigative Reporting
Brian M. Rosenthal of The New York Times
Explanatory Reporting
Staff of The Washington Post
Local Reporting
Staff of The Baltimore Sun
National Reporting
T. Christian Miller, Megan Rose and Robert Faturechi of ProPublica
and
Dominic Gates, Steve Miletich, Mike Baker and Lewis Kamb of The Seattle Times
International Reporting
Staff of The New York Times
Feature Writing
Ben Taub of The New Yorker
Commentary
Nikole Hannah-Jones of The New York Times
Criticism
Christopher Knight of the Los Angeles Times
Editorial Writing
Jeffery Gerritt of the Palestine (Tx.) Herald-Press
Editorial Cartooning
Barry Blitt, contributor, The New Yorker
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Photography Staff of Reuters
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Channi Anand, Mukhtar Khan and Dar Yasin of the Associated Press
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Staff of This American Life with Molly O’Toole of the Los Angeles Times and Emily Green, freelancer, Vice News for “The Out Crowd”
LETTERS AND DRAMA
Fiction
"The Nickel Boys" by Colson Whitehead (Doubleday)
Drama
"A Strange Loop" by Michael R. Jackson
History
"Sweet Taste of Liberty: A True Story of Slavery and Restitution in America" by W. Caleb McDaniel (Oxford University Press)
Biography
"Sontag: Her Life and Work" by Benjamin Moser (Ecco/HarperCollins)
Poetry
"The Tradition" by Jericho Brown (Copper Canyon Press)
General Nonfiction
"The Undying: Pain, Vulnerability, Mortality, Medicine, Art, Time, Dreams, Data, Exhaustion, Cancer, and Care" by Anne Boyer (Farrar, Straus and Giroux)
and
"The End of the Myth: From the Frontier to the Border Wall in the Mind of America" by Greg Grandin (Metropolitan Books)
Music
"The Central Park Five" by Anthony Davis, premiered by Long Beach Opera on June 15, 2019
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Ida B. Wells
Specs
Engine: Electric motor generating 54.2kWh (Cooper SE and Aceman SE), 64.6kW (Countryman All4 SE)
Power: 218hp (Cooper and Aceman), 313hp (Countryman)
Torque: 330Nm (Cooper and Aceman), 494Nm (Countryman)
On sale: Now
Price: From Dh158,000 (Cooper), Dh168,000 (Aceman), Dh190,000 (Countryman)
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Starring: Ramy Youssef, Steve Carell, Jason Schwartzman
Director: Jesse Armstrong
Rating: 3.5/5
EU Russia
The EU imports 90 per cent of the natural gas used to generate electricity, heat homes and supply industry, with Russia supplying almost 40 per cent of EU gas and a quarter of its oil.
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Countdown to Zero exhibition will show how disease can be beaten
Countdown to Zero: Defeating Disease, an international multimedia exhibition created by the American Museum of National History in collaboration with The Carter Center, will open in Abu Dhabi a month before Reaching the Last Mile.
Opening on October 15 and running until November 15, the free exhibition opens at The Galleria mall on Al Maryah Island, and has already been seen at the Jimmy Carter Presidential Library and Museum in Atlanta, the American Museum of Natural History in New York, and the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
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Company name: baraka
Started: July 2020
Founders: Feras Jalbout and Kunal Taneja
Based: Dubai and Bahrain
Sector: FinTech
Initial investment: $150,000
Current staff: 12
Stage: Pre-seed capital raising of $1 million
Investors: Class 5 Global, FJ Labs, IMO Ventures, The Community Fund, VentureSouq, Fox Ventures, Dr Abdulla Elyas (private investment)
Our family matters legal consultant
Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
SPECS
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GAC GS8 Specs
Engine: 2.0-litre 4cyl turbo
Power: 248hp at 5,200rpm
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UK-EU trade at a glance
EU fishing vessels guaranteed access to UK waters for 12 years
Co-operation on security initiatives and procurement of defence products
Youth experience scheme to work, study or volunteer in UK and EU countries
Smoother border management with use of e-gates
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BMW M5 specs
Engine: 4.4-litre twin-turbo V-8 petrol enging with additional electric motor
Power: 727hp
Torque: 1,000Nm
Transmission: 8-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 10.6L/100km
On sale: Now
Price: From Dh650,000
The years Ramadan fell in May
The five pillars of Islam
1. Fasting
2. Prayer
3. Hajj
4. Shahada
5. Zakat
Key figures in the life of the fort
Sheikh Dhiyab bin Isa (ruled 1761-1793) Built Qasr Al Hosn as a watchtower to guard over the only freshwater well on Abu Dhabi island.
Sheikh Shakhbut bin Dhiyab (ruled 1793-1816) Expanded the tower into a small fort and transferred his ruling place of residence from Liwa Oasis to the fort on the island.
Sheikh Tahnoon bin Shakhbut (ruled 1818-1833) Expanded Qasr Al Hosn further as Abu Dhabi grew from a small village of palm huts to a town of more than 5,000 inhabitants.
Sheikh Khalifa bin Shakhbut (ruled 1833-1845) Repaired and fortified the fort.
Sheikh Saeed bin Tahnoon (ruled 1845-1855) Turned Qasr Al Hosn into a strong two-storied structure.
Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa (ruled 1855-1909) Expanded Qasr Al Hosn further to reflect the emirate's increasing prominence.
Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan (ruled 1928-1966) Renovated and enlarged Qasr Al Hosn, adding a decorative arch and two new villas.
Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan (ruled 1966-2004) Moved the royal residence to Al Manhal palace and kept his diwan at Qasr Al Hosn.
Sources: Jayanti Maitra, www.adach.ae
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The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE.
Read part four: an affection for classic cars lives on
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Read part one: how cars came to the UAE
Sunday's games
Liverpool v West Ham United, 4.30pm (UAE)
Southampton v Burnley, 4.30pm
Arsenal v Manchester City, 7pm
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Mohammed bin Zayed Majlis
Mohammed bin Zayed Majlis
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if you go
The flights
Etihad and Emirates fly direct to Kolkata from Dh1,504 and Dh1,450 return including taxes, respectively. The flight takes four hours 30 minutes outbound and 5 hours 30 minute returning.
The trains
Numerous trains link Kolkata and Murshidabad but the daily early morning Hazarduari Express (3’ 52”) is the fastest and most convenient; this service also stops in Plassey. The return train departs Murshidabad late afternoon. Though just about feasible as a day trip, staying overnight is recommended.
The hotels
Mursidabad’s hotels are less than modest but Berhampore, 11km south, offers more accommodation and facilities (and the Hazarduari Express also pauses here). Try Hotel The Fame, with an array of rooms from doubles at Rs1,596/Dh90 to a ‘grand presidential suite’ at Rs7,854/Dh443.
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Zakat definitions
Zakat: an Arabic word meaning ‘to cleanse’ or ‘purification’.
Nisab: the minimum amount that a Muslim must have before being obliged to pay zakat. Traditionally, the nisab threshold was 87.48 grams of gold, or 612.36 grams of silver. The monetary value of the nisab therefore varies by current prices and currencies.
Zakat Al Mal: the ‘cleansing’ of wealth, as one of the five pillars of Islam; a spiritual duty for all Muslims meeting the ‘nisab’ wealth criteria in a lunar year, to pay 2.5 per cent of their wealth in alms to the deserving and needy.
Zakat Al Fitr: a donation to charity given during Ramadan, before Eid Al Fitr, in the form of food. Every adult Muslim who possesses food in excess of the needs of themselves and their family must pay two qadahs (an old measure just over 2 kilograms) of flour, wheat, barley or rice from each person in a household, as a minimum.
THE LOWDOWN
Photograph
Rating: 4/5
Produced by: Poetic License Motion Pictures; RSVP Movies
Director: Ritesh Batra
Cast: Nawazuddin Siddiqui, Sanya Malhotra, Farrukh Jaffar, Deepak Chauhan, Vijay Raaz
'Outclassed in Kuwait'
Taleb Alrefai,
HBKU Press
KILLING OF QASSEM SULEIMANI
TUESDAY'S ORDER OF PLAY
Centre Court
Starting at 2pm:
Elina Svitolina (UKR) [3] v Jennifer Brady (USA)
Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova (RUS) v Belinda Bencic (SUI [4]
Not before 7pm:
Sofia Kenin (USA) [5] v Elena Rybakina (KAZ)
Maria Sakkari (GRE) v Aryna Sabalenka (BLR) [7]
Court One
Starting at midday:
Karolina Muchova (CZE) v Katerina Siniakova (CZE)
Kristina Mladenovic (FRA) v Aliaksandra Sasnovich (BLR)
Veronika Kudermetova (RUS) v Dayana Yastermska (UKR)
Petra Martic (CRO) [8] v Su-Wei Hsieh (TPE)
Sorana Cirstea (ROU) v Anett Kontaveit (EST)
Six large-scale objects on show
- Concrete wall and windows from the now demolished Robin Hood Gardens housing estate in Poplar
- The 17th Century Agra Colonnade, from the bathhouse of the fort of Agra in India
- A stagecloth for The Ballet Russes that is 10m high – the largest Picasso in the world
- Frank Lloyd Wright’s 1930s Kaufmann Office
- A full-scale Frankfurt Kitchen designed by Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, which transformed kitchen design in the 20th century
- Torrijos Palace dome
