An Egyptian-German archaeological mission has made a significant discovery in the south of Egypt dating back to Ptolemaic rule. Photo: Supreme Council of Antiquities
An Egyptian-German archaeological mission has made a significant discovery in the south of Egypt dating back to Ptolemaic rule. Photo: Supreme Council of Antiquities
An Egyptian-German archaeological mission has made a significant discovery in the south of Egypt dating back to Ptolemaic rule. Photo: Supreme Council of Antiquities
An Egyptian-German archaeological mission has made a significant discovery in the south of Egypt dating back to Ptolemaic rule. Photo: Supreme Council of Antiquities

Egyptian-German archaeology team uncovers Ptolemaic Temple pylon in Sohag


Kamal Tabikha
  • English
  • Arabic

An archaeological mission has uncovered a complete Ptolemaic temple pylon at the western side of the main temple of Athribis in Sohag, Egypt's Supreme Council of Antiquities and the University of Tubingen announced.

The discovery by a joint Egyptian-German team is considered a “significant milestone” that will pave the way for further excavation at the temple site, a sizeable portion of which remains buried, said Dr Mohamed Ismail Khaled, the supreme council's Secretary General.

"The facade of the pylon, which has been completely uncovered, is 51 metres wide, divided into two towers, each 24 metres wide, separated by the entrance gate," Dr Khaled said. The slope angle of the towers suggests the original height of the pylon could have been up to 18 metres, rivalling the dimensions of the Luxor Temple pylon.

The mission will continue its work at the site to uncover the entire temple during the next excavation seasons, with support from the Supreme Council of Antiquities, as per a directive issued by Sherif Fathi, Egypt's Minister of Tourism and Antiquities.

The archaeologists will return to the site in Sohag in an attempt to uncover the entire temple complex. Photo: Supreme Council of Antiquities
The archaeologists will return to the site in Sohag in an attempt to uncover the entire temple complex. Photo: Supreme Council of Antiquities

The Ptolemaic period in Egypt, from 305BCE to 30BCE, was a time when the country was ruled by a Greek dynasty founded by Ptolemy I Soter, one of Alexander the Great's generals.

During this era, there was a significant blending of Greek and Egyptian cultures, demonstrated by the art, architecture and religious practices of the time. The Ptolemaic rulers adopted many Egyptian customs and portrayed themselves as pharaohs, while also introducing Greek language, art and culture to the region.

Mohamed Abdel Badie, head of the Central Administration for Upper Egypt Antiquities and head of the Egyptian side of the mission, revealed that during the cleaning of the main gate in the middle of the pylon, hieroglyphic texts decorating the exterior facade and interior walls were spotted, along with scenes depicting the king receiving Repyt, the lioness-headed goddess who served as the patron of Athribis Temple, and her son, the child god Kolanthes.

"Through studying the cartouches discovered at the entrance and on one of the interior sides, it was determined that this gate dates back to the reign of King Ptolemy VIII, who may have been the founder of the temple," Abdel Badie said. A cartouche bearing the name of his wife, Queen Cleopatra III, is also likely to be found among the texts.

Dr Christian Leitz, head of the team’s German contingent, said the mission had completed the uncovering of the temple’s southern chamber, which was previously discovered during the work of a British archaeological mission, led by the scholar Petrie, that excavated the site between 1907 and 1908.

The entrance to this chamber is decorated with hieroglyphic texts, and scenes representing the goddess Repyt and the fertility god Min surrounded by secondary celestial deities representing stars for measuring the hours of the night.

Hieroglyphic texts and scenes depicting the king receiving Repyt, the lioness-headed goddess, were found. Photo: Supreme Council of Antiquities
Hieroglyphic texts and scenes depicting the king receiving Repyt, the lioness-headed goddess, were found. Photo: Supreme Council of Antiquities

Dr Marcus Muller, the site’s director from the German side, said the archaeologists also uncovered a previously unknown room at top of a flight of stairs.

The room would have been accessible through a small entrance found on the exterior facade of the pylon. The team uncovered four steps of the staircase, which indicate that they led to an upper floor that has been destroyed, around 752CE, the team estimated.

The joint Egyptian-German mission has been working in the Athribis area for more than a decade, resulting in the complete excavation of all components of the main Athribis Temple, one of the most prominent heritage sites in Upper Egypt’s Sohag province.

Since then, the mission has accomplished a number of discoveries including one of more than 30,000 ostraca bearing Demotic, Coptic and Hieratic texts, as well as numerous archaeological findings.

Some of the most prominent discoveries from this period include the Rosetta Stone, which was instrumental in deciphering Egyptian hieroglyphs, the Ptolemaic temples of Edfu and Kom Ombo, and the famous Library of Alexandria, which was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world.

Pharaoh's curse

British aristocrat Lord Carnarvon, who funded the expedition to find the Tutankhamun tomb, died in a Cairo hotel four months after the crypt was opened.
He had been in poor health for many years after a car crash, and a mosquito bite made worse by a shaving cut led to blood poisoning and pneumonia.
Reports at the time said Lord Carnarvon suffered from “pain as the inflammation affected the nasal passages and eyes”.
Decades later, scientists contended he had died of aspergillosis after inhaling spores of the fungus aspergillus in the tomb, which can lie dormant for months. The fact several others who entered were also found dead withiin a short time led to the myth of the curse.

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A total of 111,084 people applied for asylum in the UK in the year to June 2025, the highest number for any 12-month period since current records began in 2001.

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Estimates of the number of deaths caused by the famine range from 400,000 to 1 million, according to a document prepared for the UK House of Lords in 2024.
It has been claimed that the policies of the Ethiopian government, which took control after deposing Emperor Haile Selassie in a military-led revolution in 1974, contributed to the scale of the famine.
Dr Miriam Bradley, senior lecturer in humanitarian studies at the University of Manchester, has argued that, by the early 1980s, “several government policies combined to cause, rather than prevent, a famine which lasted from 1983 to 1985. Mengistu’s government imposed Stalinist-model agricultural policies involving forced collectivisation and villagisation [relocation of communities into planned villages].
The West became aware of the catastrophe through a series of BBC News reports by journalist Michael Buerk in October 1984 describing a “biblical famine” and containing graphic images of thousands of people, including children, facing starvation.

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Bob Geldof, singer with the Irish rock group The Boomtown Rats, formed Band Aid in response to the horrific images shown in the news broadcasts.
With Midge Ure of the band Ultravox, he wrote the hit charity single Do They Know it’s Christmas in December 1984, featuring a string of high-profile musicians.
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Updated: November 26, 2024, 5:11 AM`