Women and babies at the Zamzam displacement camp in Darfur, Sudan. Reuters
Women and babies at the Zamzam displacement camp in Darfur, Sudan. Reuters
Women and babies at the Zamzam displacement camp in Darfur, Sudan. Reuters
Women and babies at the Zamzam displacement camp in Darfur, Sudan. Reuters

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MENA

'All we can do is pray': Sudanese on brink of starvation at Darfur's Zamzam camp

Displaced people speak of living off tea and peanuts, drinking contaminated water and new arrivals being the worst off

Hamza Hendawi
Al Shafie Ahmed

September 23, 2024

  • English
  • Arabic

It took Nafeesa Nafar and her children two days to walk from the embattled city of El Fasher in Darfur to Zamzam, a famine-stricken camp where about 500,000 displaced people have taken refuge.

“We survived on dates, biscuits and little water. My children were crying all the way because they were hungry and thirsty. I was crying too, but from the uncertainty that awaited us,” said Ms Nafar, whose husband died in the early days of the war between Sudan's army and the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces. “God has willed it that we survived the fighting in El Fasher, but we may perish here in Zamzam.”

Speaking to The National by phone, Ms Nafar complained of the scarcity of food and the often contaminated water available to her and her sons, aged eight and 13.

“All we can do is pray to God that the war ends and we have a stable and quiet life again,” she said. “Now we are here in Zamzam, we need so much. Firstly, we need to feel safe, and secondly, we need medical care. My main worry is if the children are sick and I cannot find anyone to treat them.”

Women and children outside their tent at the Zamzam camp, where half a million people have taken shelter. AFP
Women and children outside their tent at the Zamzam camp, where half a million people have taken shelter. AFP

Sudan has endured strife since independence 68 years ago. Although resource rich and with great agricultural potential, food has often been weaponised in Sudan's civil wars, leading to pockets of famine, as experienced through the 1980s in the now-independent south of Sudan.

Sudan is also home to the world's single biggest displacement crisis, with more than seven million people forced to flee their homes since the latest war began 17 months ago. They joined another three million displaced during previous bouts of strife, mostly civil wars in Darfur and South Sudan.

Fighting between the army and the RSF for control of El Fasher has forced tens of thousands to seek refuge in Zamzam, long viewed as a symbol of the tragedy that has for decades beset the Darfur region. The camp was created in the 2000s to accommodate those who fled fighting between government troops and ethnic African rebels seeking equality in a country long dominated by an Arabised elite in Khartoum. About 300,000 people perished in that civil war and 2.5 million were displaced, the UN said.

Fast-forward to this year, and Darfur is living a replay of the grim and tragic practices that defined the earlier bout of strife, from ethnic cleansing and hunger to displacement and the weaponisation of rape. Neither side in the war between the army and the RSF is doing enough to alleviate the suffering of civilians across Sudan, where more than half the population, about 25 million people, are facing hunger. Both are suspected of war crimes and crimes against humanity.

Displaced Sudanese girls carry water in the Zamzam camp. AP
Displaced Sudanese girls carry water in the Zamzam camp. AP

In Zamzam, where a famine was declared in August, a child dies of malnutrition-related causes every two hours, the international medical charity Doctors Without Borders has said. Darfur as a whole has the unenviable distinction of being the most hunger-hit region of Sudan.

“About 34 per cent of the children [in Zamzam] are malnourished, including 10 per cent who are severely malnourished,” the UN's undersecretary general for humanitarian affairs, Joyce Msuya, said on Wednesday.

Almost 1.7 million people face acute food insecurity in northern Darfur region alone, she said. Besides Zamzam, 13 other sites across Sudan are at risk of famine, she added.

“Be in no doubt, without safe and predictable access and a steady supply of food and humanitarian supplies, we will see a dramatic spike in mortality – including children – in Zamzam and in other areas around El Fasher. The same goes for the situation across Sudan,” Ms Msuya added, especially Khartoum and the states of Sennar and Al Jazira south of the capital.

The RSF, which controls most of Darfur, has in recent weeks allowed some humanitarian assistance into the region from neighbouring Chad, but the rainy season was reducing the flow to a trickle. The paramilitary force has fought its way into El Fasher, pushing back army troops and their allies from the city's south-eastern districts. But the group has been unable to overrun the heavily fortified local garrison that continues to be resupplied from the air.

A woman poses for a photo outside her hut at the Tiamushro camp for internally displaced people in Kadugli, South Kordofan state. AFP
A woman poses for a photo outside her hut at the Tiamushro camp for internally displaced people in Kadugli, South Kordofan state. AFP

Fighting in El Fasher has significantly intensified in recent days, with the RSF apparently determined to capture the rest of the city – the only one of five provincial capitals in Darfur it does not control – threatening to worsen the situation in both El Fasher and Zamzam. Senior UN officials have warned that hundreds of thousands of lives are at risk in El Fasher.

UN Secretary General Antonio Guterres is “gravely alarmed” by reports of a full-scale assault on El Fasher by the RSF, and has called on its leader, Gen Mohamed Dagalo, to immediately halt the attack. Mr Guterres warned that any further escalation threatens to spread the conflict throughout Darfur, his spokesman Stephane Dujarric said on Saturday.

Already, little food or medicine is reaching Zamzam due to the fighting and the rainy season, which has flooded roads or washed them out altogether. An escalation of the fighting would inevitably send thousands, if not tens of thousands, rushing out of El Fasher to seek refuge in Zamzam, 15km from the city, stretching to breaking point the already thin food and medical care available in the camp.

It is a nightmare scenario for the residents of Zamzam surviving on a minimum of calories and little water.

Displaced Sudanese who have returned from Ethiopia prepare food as they sit outside their tent in a UN camp at the border town of Gallabat. AFP
Displaced Sudanese who have returned from Ethiopia prepare food as they sit outside their tent in a UN camp at the border town of Gallabat. AFP

Moamer Ibrahim, a camp resident, paints a grim picture of life in Zamzam. New arrivals, he said, survive on a handful of peanuts and sweet black tea as their main intake of the day. Others sleep outdoors because there are no tents available. Representatives of NGOs or UN agencies are making fewer and fewer visits to the camp as the RSF blocks most supplies from reaching Zamzam, he said.

“The army must start dropping food for us from the air, much like what was done in Gaza,” he told The National. “There are committees on the ground with volunteers who can collect and distribute the supplies.”

Like most adults living in Zamzam with their children, Alam Eldeen Hassan, a 34-year-old father of two, is mostly concerned about the health and education of his children. Hailing from a small village in north Darfur that was engulfed in fighting, they came to Zamzam seeking safety and food. They found very little of both, but plenty of diseases and a dangerously polluted environment.

“We live in a UN-provided tent, but we don't have enough water and food. My children have been deprived of education and the environment here is poor and diseases are widespread. I fear for my children because there is no medical care here,” Mr Hassan said.

“We eat a single meal every day. We get wheat-flour, lentil, cooking oil and some cereals, but my children need dairy products and clean water. We have nowhere else to go. We want to return to our home although it has been looted, but home is where we feel safe.”

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Match info

Newcastle United 1
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Tottenham Hotspur 2
Vertonghen (8'), Alli (18')

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The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE. 

Read part four: an affection for classic cars lives on

Read part three: the age of the electric vehicle begins

Read part two: how climate change drove the race for an alternative 

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The burning issue

The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE.

Read part three: the age of the electric vehicle begins

Read part two: how climate change drove the race for an alternative 

Read part one: how cars came to the UAE

Six large-scale objects on show
  • Concrete wall and windows from the now demolished Robin Hood Gardens housing estate in Poplar
  • The 17th Century Agra Colonnade, from the bathhouse of the fort of Agra in India
  • A stagecloth for The Ballet Russes that is 10m high – the largest Picasso in the world
  • Frank Lloyd Wright’s 1930s Kaufmann Office
  • A full-scale Frankfurt Kitchen designed by Margarete Schütte-Lihotzky, which transformed kitchen design in the 20th century
  • Torrijos Palace dome
Killing of Qassem Suleimani
Fixtures

Friday Leganes v Alaves, 10.15pm; Valencia v Las Palmas, 12.15am

Saturday Celta Vigo v Real Sociedad, 8.15pm; Girona v Atletico Madrid, 10.15pm; Sevilla v Espanyol, 12.15am

Sunday Athletic Bilbao v Getafe, 8.15am; Barcelona v Real Betis, 10.15pm; Deportivo v Real Madrid, 12.15am

Monday Levante v Villarreal, 10.15pm; Malaga v Eibar, midnight

Zayed Sustainability Prize
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Analysis

Maros Sefcovic is juggling multiple international trade agreement files, but his message was clear when he spoke to The National on Wednesday.

The EU-UAE bilateral trade deal will be finalised soon, he said. It is in everyone’s interests to do so. Both sides want to move quickly and are in alignment. He said the UAE is a very important partner for the EU. It’s full speed ahead - and with some lofty ambitions - on the road to a free trade agreement. 

We also talked about US-EU tariffs. He answered that both sides need to talk more and more often, but he is prepared to defend Europe's position and said diplomacy should be a guiding principle through the current moment. 

 

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On Women's Day
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The Facility’s Versatility

Between the start of the 2020 IPL on September 20, and the end of the Pakistan Super League this coming Thursday, the Zayed Cricket Stadium has had an unprecedented amount of traffic.
Never before has a ground in this country – or perhaps anywhere in the world – had such a volume of major-match cricket.
And yet scoring has remained high, and Abu Dhabi has seen some classic encounters in every format of the game.
 
October 18, IPL, Kolkata Knight Riders tied with Sunrisers Hyderabad
The two playoff-chasing sides put on 163 apiece, before Kolkata went on to win the Super Over
 
January 8, ODI, UAE beat Ireland by six wickets
A century by CP Rizwan underpinned one of UAE’s greatest ever wins, as they chased 270 to win with an over to spare
 
February 6, T10, Northern Warriors beat Delhi Bulls by eight wickets
The final of the T10 was chiefly memorable for a ferocious over of fast bowling from Fidel Edwards to Nicholas Pooran
 
March 14, Test, Afghanistan beat Zimbabwe by six wickets
Eleven wickets for Rashid Khan, 1,305 runs scored in five days, and a last session finish
 
June 17, PSL, Islamabad United beat Peshawar Zalmi by 15 runs
Usman Khawaja scored a hundred as Islamabad posted the highest score ever by a Pakistan team in T20 cricket

KILLING OF QASSEM SULEIMANI
David Haye record

Total fights: 32
Wins: 28
Wins by KO: 26
Losses: 4

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How much sugar is in chocolate Easter eggs?
  • The 169g Crunchie egg has 15.9g of sugar per 25g serving, working out at around 107g of sugar per egg
  • The 190g Maltesers Teasers egg contains 58g of sugar per 100g for the egg and 19.6g of sugar in each of the two Teasers bars that come with it
  • The 188g Smarties egg has 113g of sugar per egg and 22.8g in the tube of Smarties it contains
  • The Milky Bar white chocolate Egg Hunt Pack contains eight eggs at 7.7g of sugar per egg
  • The Cadbury Creme Egg contains 26g of sugar per 40g egg
MOUNTAINHEAD REVIEW

Starring: Ramy Youssef, Steve Carell, Jason Schwartzman

Director: Jesse Armstrong

Rating: 3.5/5

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COMPANY PROFILE
Name: HyperSpace
 
Started: 2020
 
Founders: Alexander Heller, Rama Allen and Desi Gonzalez
 
Based: Dubai, UAE
 
Sector: Entertainment 
 
Number of staff: 210 
 
Investment raised: $75 million from investors including Galaxy Interactive, Riyadh Season, Sega Ventures and Apis Venture Partners
Tomorrow 2021
Key figures in the life of the fort

Sheikh Dhiyab bin Isa (ruled 1761-1793) Built Qasr Al Hosn as a watchtower to guard over the only freshwater well on Abu Dhabi island.

Sheikh Shakhbut bin Dhiyab (ruled 1793-1816) Expanded the tower into a small fort and transferred his ruling place of residence from Liwa Oasis to the fort on the island.

Sheikh Tahnoon bin Shakhbut (ruled 1818-1833) Expanded Qasr Al Hosn further as Abu Dhabi grew from a small village of palm huts to a town of more than 5,000 inhabitants.

Sheikh Khalifa bin Shakhbut (ruled 1833-1845) Repaired and fortified the fort.

Sheikh Saeed bin Tahnoon (ruled 1845-1855) Turned Qasr Al Hosn into a strong two-storied structure.

Sheikh Zayed bin Khalifa (ruled 1855-1909) Expanded Qasr Al Hosn further to reflect the emirate's increasing prominence.

Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan (ruled 1928-1966) Renovated and enlarged Qasr Al Hosn, adding a decorative arch and two new villas.

Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan (ruled 1966-2004) Moved the royal residence to Al Manhal palace and kept his diwan at Qasr Al Hosn.

Sources: Jayanti Maitra, www.adach.ae

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Defence review at a glance

• Increase defence spending to 2.5% of GDP by 2027 but given “turbulent times it may be necessary to go faster”

• Prioritise a shift towards working with AI and autonomous systems

• Invest in the resilience of military space systems.

• Number of active reserves should be increased by 20%

• More F-35 fighter jets required in the next decade

• New “hybrid Navy” with AUKUS submarines and autonomous vessels

Interview
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World Mental Health Day
LAST-16 FIXTURES

Sunday, January 20
3pm: Jordan v Vietnam at Al Maktoum Stadium, Dubai
6pm: Thailand v China at Hazza bin Zayed Stadium, Al Ain
9pm: Iran v Oman at Mohamed bin Zayed Stadium, Abu Dhabi

Monday, January 21
3pm: Japan v Saudi Arabia at Sharjah Stadium
6pm: Australia v Uzbekistan at Khalifa bin Zayed Stadium, Al Ain
9pm: UAE v Kyrgyzstan at Zayed Sports City Stadium, Abu Dhabi

Tuesday, January 22
5pm: South Korea v Bahrain at Rashid Stadium, Dubai
8pm: Qatar v Iraq at Al Nahyan Stadium, Abu Dhabi

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The five pillars of Islam

1. Fasting

2. Prayer

3. Hajj

4. Shahada

5. Zakat 

The years Ramadan fell in May

1987

1954

1921

1888

E-cigarettes report
LA LIGA FIXTURES

Friday (UAE kick-off times)

Real Sociedad v Leganes (midnight)

Saturday

Alaves v Real Valladolid (4pm)

Valencia v Granada (7pm)

Eibar v Real Madrid (9.30pm)

Barcelona v Celta Vigo (midnight)

Sunday

Real Mallorca v Villarreal (3pm)

Athletic Bilbao v Levante (5pm)

Atletico Madrid v Espanyol (7pm)

Getafe v Osasuna (9.30pm)

Real Betis v Sevilla (midnight)

The national orchestra
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
The years Ramadan fell in May

1987

1954

1921

1888

The five pillars of Islam

1. Fasting

2. Prayer

3. Hajj

4. Shahada

5. Zakat 

ETFs explained

Exhchange traded funds are bought and sold like shares, but operate as index-tracking funds, passively following their chosen indices, such as the S&P 500, FTSE 100 and the FTSE All World, plus a vast range of smaller exchanges and commodities, such as gold, silver, copper sugar, coffee and oil.

ETFs have zero upfront fees and annual charges as low as 0.07 per cent a year, which means you get to keep more of your returns, as actively managed funds can charge as much as 1.5 per cent a year.

There are thousands to choose from, with the five biggest providers BlackRock’s iShares range, Vanguard, State Street Global Advisors SPDR ETFs, Deutsche Bank AWM X-trackers and Invesco PowerShares.

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Titanium Escrow profile

Started: December 2016
Founder: Ibrahim Kamalmaz
Based: UAE
Sector: Finance / legal
Size: 3 employees, pre-revenue  
Stage: Early stage
Investors: Founder's friends and Family

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The burning issue

The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE.

Part three: an affection for classic cars lives on

Read part two: how climate change drove the race for an alternative 

Read part one: how cars came to the UAE

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The specs

Engine: 5.2-litre V10

Power: 640hp at 8,000rpm

Torque: 565Nm at 6,500rpm

Transmission: 7-speed dual-clutch auto

Price: From Dh1 million

On sale: Q3 or Q4 2022 

The burning issue

The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE. 

Read part four: an affection for classic cars lives on

Read part three: the age of the electric vehicle begins

Read part one: how cars came to the UAE

 

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The rules of the road keeping cyclists safe

Cyclists must wear a helmet, arm and knee pads

Have a white front-light and a back red-light on their bike

They must place a number plate with reflective light to the back of the bike to alert road-users

Avoid carrying weights that could cause the bike to lose balance

They must cycle on designated lanes and areas and ride safe on pavements to avoid bumping into pedestrians

WHAT IS A BLACK HOLE?

1. Black holes are objects whose gravity is so strong not even light can escape their pull

2. They can be created when massive stars collapse under their own weight

3. Large black holes can also be formed when smaller ones collide and merge

4. The biggest black holes lurk at the centre of many galaxies, including our own

5. Astronomers believe that when the universe was very young, black holes affected how galaxies formed

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Day 5, Dubai Test: At a glance

Moment of the day Given the problems Sri Lanka have had in recent times, it was apt the winning catch was taken by Dinesh Chandimal. He is one of seven different captains Sri Lanka have had in just the past two years. He leads in understated fashion, but by example. His century in the first innings of this series set the shock win in motion.

Stat of the day This was the ninth Test Pakistan have lost in their past 11 matches, a run that started when they lost the final match of their three-Test series against West Indies in Sharjah last year. They have not drawn a match in almost two years and 19 matches, since they were held by England at the Zayed Cricket Stadium in Abu Dhabi in 2015.

The verdict Mickey Arthur basically acknowledged he had erred by basing Pakistan’s gameplan around three seam bowlers and asking for pitches with plenty of grass in Abu Dhabi and Sharjah. Why would Pakistan want to change the method that has treated them so well on these grounds in the past 10 years? It is unlikely Misbah-ul-Haq would have made the same mistake.

Killing of Qassem Suleimani
Mohammed bin Zayed Majlis
The five pillars of Islam

1. Fasting 

2. Prayer 

3. Hajj 

4. Shahada 

5. Zakat 

The biog

First Job: Abu Dhabi Department of Petroleum in 1974  
Current role: Chairperson of Al Maskari Holding since 2008
Career high: Regularly cited on Forbes list of 100 most powerful Arab Businesswomen
Achievement: Helped establish Al Maskari Medical Centre in 1969 in Abu Dhabi’s Western Region
Future plan: Will now concentrate on her charitable work

ICC Women's T20 World Cup Asia Qualifier 2025, Thailand

UAE fixtures
May 9, v Malaysia
May 10, v Qatar
May 13, v Malaysia
May 15, v Qatar
May 18 and 19, semi-finals
May 20, final

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The specs

AT4 Ultimate, as tested

Engine: 6.2-litre V8

Power: 420hp

Torque: 623Nm

Transmission: 10-speed automatic

Price: From Dh330,800 (Elevation: Dh236,400; AT4: Dh286,800; Denali: Dh345,800)

On sale: Now

Sonchiriya

Director: Abhishek Chaubey

Producer: RSVP Movies, Azure Entertainment

Cast: Sushant Singh Rajput, Manoj Bajpayee, Ashutosh Rana, Bhumi Pednekar, Ranvir Shorey

Rating: 3/5

Explained
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Company Profile:

Name: The Protein Bakeshop

Date of start: 2013

Founders: Rashi Chowdhary and Saad Umerani

Based: Dubai

Size, number of employees: 12

Funding/investors:  $400,000 (2018) 

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Updated: October 07, 2024, 11:36 AM`
SudanFood security

Three Israeli soldiers killed in northern Gaza

Saudi Arabia launches world's largest cooling system for Hajj

UK backs Morocco's autonomy plan for Sahara region

Iranian Foreign Minister in Beirut to 'open new page' with Lebanon

My Dubai Salary: ‘I use my Dh140,000 monthly salary to support children’s charities’

Cartoon for June 3, 2025

'This is how you dress at Dubai Mall': Viral post sparks fashion etiquette debate

Dubai refreshes look of Umm Suqeim Street as part of upgrade

Raging fire at Sharjah's Al Hamriyah Port brought under control

Raging fire at Sharjah's Al Hamriyah Port brought under control

Colorado attack: Suspect in custody after multiple people injured

Colorado attack: Suspect in custody after multiple people injured

Israeli military vehicle rams bus carrying Palestinian Hajj pilgrims in Jenin

Israeli military vehicle rams bus carrying Palestinian Hajj pilgrims in Jenin

Abu Dhabi to develop new island with one-bed apartments priced at $1 million

Abu Dhabi to develop new island with one-bed apartments priced at $1 million