An aerial view of Rafah, from where the Israeli army has ordered about 100,000 Palestinians to leave. Photo: Planet Labs PBC via AP
An aerial view of Rafah, from where the Israeli army has ordered about 100,000 Palestinians to leave. Photo: Planet Labs PBC via AP
An aerial view of Rafah, from where the Israeli army has ordered about 100,000 Palestinians to leave. Photo: Planet Labs PBC via AP
An aerial view of Rafah, from where the Israeli army has ordered about 100,000 Palestinians to leave. Photo: Planet Labs PBC via AP

Why Rafah is important and how will Israel's assault change the war?


Nada AlTaher
  • English
  • Arabic

Live updates: Follow the latest on Israel-Gaza

Israel has demanded that more than 100,000 Gazan civilians in eastern Rafah, most of them taking shelter in tents, evacuate and head elsewhere as it began a military incursion into the city on Monday.

More than 1.5 million of Gaza's 2.1 million population have sought refuge in Rafah as Israel carried out deadly and devastating attacks in northern and central Gaza, leaving little for civilians to go back to should they decide to return north.

Where Rafah's is located

Crucially, Rafah is on the border with Egypt. The Rafah border crossing has long been Palestinians' only way out, thought this has become much harder since the current wear broke out.

"Before the war, we barely needed anything to get out of Gaza. We could've gone any time," Abu Jamal, who was displaced from Jabalia in northern Gaza and is now in Rafah, told The National.

Reports emerged earlier that Egypt had closed the Rafah border crossing but hours later, Cairo denied such a measure had been taken.

Why medics are being removed

Medical staff at the European Hospital in Khan Younis, near Rafah, have been told to leave the premises. Several foreign teams were on hand to assist with the overwhelming number of casualties.

Dr Majed Jaber has been volunteering both there and at Al Helal Emirati Maternity Hospital.

"We were left to deal with emergency rooms by ourselves," he said. "We haven't seen our colleagues since but we were told they were prevented from coming back."

Dr Jaber said this has put further strain on already stretched hospitals that are receiving more casualties than they can handle.

Many doctors like himself have gone to check on their families to ensure that they are safe. Dr Jaber said he is making arrangements, such as bringing supplies and tents to ensure his family can leave Rafah safely.

He is one of a dwindling number of medical professionals who plan on remaining in Rafah to provide medical assistance.

The European Hospital is only a few kilometres from the Sufa crossing, which is "heavily militarised", Dr Jaber said.

"Right now there are no safe vehicles to take us there, even if we want to go and save patients."

What Israel could achieve

In Rafah, Israel claims the so-called Philadelphi Route, an underground passage linking from Gaza to Egypt's Sinai, is being used to smuggle "munitions, money and weapons", two analysts told The National.

Former Israeli hostage negotiator Gershon Baskin said that should Israel launch an incursion into Rafah, a deal between the warring parties would be effectively off the table.

The situation would have "devastating and catastrophic" humanitarian impacts on the people of Gaza, he said.

Displaced Palestinians in Rafah carry their belongings as they leave following an evacuation order by the Israeli army. AFP
Displaced Palestinians in Rafah carry their belongings as they leave following an evacuation order by the Israeli army. AFP

"Israel has built a tent city, a so-called safe zone, but people have been killed in safe zones in this war. There is no safe zone in Gaza," he said.

Mr Baskin argued that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu "does not want to end the war".

How the situation affects the overall war

Mr Baskin believes Hamas should have accepted Israel's most recent version of the ceasefire deal, which did not promise an end to the war but could have resulted in an extendable ceasefire.

On Sunday, Hamas rockets fired near the Karam Abu Salem border crossing in Gaza killed three Israeli soldiers.

Israeli strikes in return on Rafah have killed at least 12 people, the Palestinian Health Ministry said. Subsequent Israeli attacks on Rafah overnight have killed more than 50 people.

"This has given a pretext to the Israeli government to face the public to fire up a war in Rafah. We have an irresponsible government in Israel and irresponsible leadership in Gaza who don't care about the welfare of people."

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Tearful appearance

Chancellor Rachel Reeves set markets on edge as she appeared visibly distraught in parliament on Wednesday. 

Legislative setbacks for the government have blown a new hole in the budgetary calculations at a time when the deficit is stubbornly large and the economy is struggling to grow. 

She appeared with Keir Starmer on Thursday and the pair embraced, but he had failed to give her his backing as she cried a day earlier.

A spokesman said her upset demeanour was due to a personal matter.

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Pharaoh's curse

British aristocrat Lord Carnarvon, who funded the expedition to find the Tutankhamun tomb, died in a Cairo hotel four months after the crypt was opened.
He had been in poor health for many years after a car crash, and a mosquito bite made worse by a shaving cut led to blood poisoning and pneumonia.
Reports at the time said Lord Carnarvon suffered from “pain as the inflammation affected the nasal passages and eyes”.
Decades later, scientists contended he had died of aspergillosis after inhaling spores of the fungus aspergillus in the tomb, which can lie dormant for months. The fact several others who entered were also found dead withiin a short time led to the myth of the curse.

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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
While you're here

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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
BIGGEST CYBER SECURITY INCIDENTS IN RECENT TIMES

SolarWinds supply chain attack: Came to light in December 2020 but had taken root for several months, compromising major tech companies, governments and its entities

Microsoft Exchange server exploitation: March 2021; attackers used a vulnerability to steal emails

Kaseya attack: July 2021; ransomware hit perpetrated REvil, resulting in severe downtime for more than 1,000 companies

Log4j breach: December 2021; attackers exploited the Java-written code to inflitrate businesses and governments

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Three-day coronation

Royal purification

The entire coronation ceremony extends over three days from May 4-6, but Saturday is the one to watch. At the time of 10:09am the royal purification ceremony begins. Wearing a white robe, the king will enter a pavilion at the Grand Palace, where he will be doused in sacred water from five rivers and four ponds in Thailand. In the distant past water was collected from specific rivers in India, reflecting the influential blend of Hindu and Buddhist cosmology on the coronation. Hindu Brahmins and the country's most senior Buddhist monks will be present. Coronation practices can be traced back thousands of years to ancient India.

The crown

Not long after royal purification rites, the king proceeds to the Baisal Daksin Throne Hall where he receives sacred water from eight directions. Symbolically that means he has received legitimacy from all directions of the kingdom. He ascends the Bhadrapitha Throne, where in regal robes he sits under a Nine-Tiered Umbrella of State. Brahmins will hand the monarch the royal regalia, including a wooden sceptre inlaid with gold, a precious stone-encrusted sword believed to have been found in a lake in northern Cambodia, slippers, and a whisk made from yak's hair.

The Great Crown of Victory is the centrepiece. Tiered, gold and weighing 7.3 kilograms, it has a diamond from India at the top. Vajiralongkorn will personally place the crown on his own head and then issues his first royal command.

The audience

On Saturday afternoon, the newly-crowned king is set to grant a "grand audience" to members of the royal family, the privy council, the cabinet and senior officials. Two hours later the king will visit the Temple of the Emerald Buddha, the most sacred space in Thailand, which on normal days is thronged with tourists. He then symbolically moves into the Royal Residence.

The procession

The main element of Sunday's ceremonies, streets across Bangkok's historic heart have been blocked off in preparation for this moment. The king will sit on a royal palanquin carried by soldiers dressed in colourful traditional garb. A 21-gun salute will start the procession. Some 200,000 people are expected to line the seven-kilometre route around the city.

Meet the people

On the last day of the ceremony Rama X will appear on the balcony of Suddhaisavarya Prasad Hall in the Grand Palace at 4:30pm "to receive the good wishes of the people". An hour later, diplomats will be given an audience at the Grand Palace. This is the only time during the ceremony that representatives of foreign governments will greet the king.

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Director: Ali Abbasi

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Stormy seas

Weather warnings show that Storm Eunice is soon to make landfall. The videographer and I are scrambling to return to the other side of the Channel before it does. As we race to the port of Calais, I see miles of wire fencing topped with barbed wire all around it, a silent ‘Keep Out’ sign for those who, unlike us, aren’t lucky enough to have the right to move freely and safely across borders.

We set sail on a giant ferry whose length dwarfs the dinghies migrants use by nearly a 100 times. Despite the windy rain lashing at the portholes, we arrive safely in Dover; grateful but acutely aware of the miserable conditions the people we’ve left behind are in and of the privilege of choice. 

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Updated: May 07, 2024, 10:41 AM`