Terracotta cones with royal inscriptions commemorating the construction of temple buildings by King Gudea of Lagash at the Iraqi embassy in Rome. AP
Terracotta cones with royal inscriptions commemorating the construction of temple buildings by King Gudea of Lagash at the Iraqi embassy in Rome. AP
Terracotta cones with royal inscriptions commemorating the construction of temple buildings by King Gudea of Lagash at the Iraqi embassy in Rome. AP
Terracotta cones with royal inscriptions commemorating the construction of temple buildings by King Gudea of Lagash at the Iraqi embassy in Rome. AP

Stolen ancient artefacts to be returned to Iraq displayed in Rome


Gillian Duncan
  • English
  • Arabic

Stolen ancient artefacts that are due to be returned to Iraq were displayed at a ceremony in Rome on Wednesday.

Saywan Sabir Mustafa Barzani, Iraq’s ambassador to Italy, viewed the objects at the Iraqi embassy event, which was attended by the head of Italian Carabinieri Command for the Protection of Cultural Property, Michele Minetti, and an Italian police representative.

They include vases, fragments of pottery, metal objects and terracotta cones with royal inscriptions commemorating the construction of temple buildings by King Gudea of Lagash (2,200 BC-2,150 BC) and date back to the civilisation of Mesopotamia.

Saywan Sabir Mustafa Barzani, Iraq’s ambassador to Italy, left, checks some artefacts during a ceremony at the Iraqi embassy in Rome. AP
Saywan Sabir Mustafa Barzani, Iraq’s ambassador to Italy, left, checks some artefacts during a ceremony at the Iraqi embassy in Rome. AP

At the ceremony, Mr Barzani expressed his thanks and gratitude to the Italian Antiquities and Heritage Protection Unit for its efforts in returning the artefacts to the embassy.

He also touched on the strong co-operation between Iraq and Italy, especially in the field of heritage and antiquities protection.

The ambassador said Italian authorities were informed that the five pieces had been offered for sale and he praised the embassy's work on following up on the issue.

He said the embassy had received archaeological pieces on five previous occasions, the last of which was in July 2024.

Stolen Mesopotamian relics, including vases and terracotta cones, were displayed in Rome before their return to Iraq. AP
Stolen Mesopotamian relics, including vases and terracotta cones, were displayed in Rome before their return to Iraq. AP

Iraqi authorities have been working to retrieve thousands of archaeological relics looted decades ago from the country that many historians regard as the cradle of civilisation. Recent efforts to track them down have been increasingly successful.

Many artefacts, including ancient stone tablets, were smuggled out of the country in the chaos following the US-led invasion in 2003, when most archaeological sites were left unguarded.

Other smuggling operations date back to the 1990s, when Iraq suffered extreme poverty due to punishing international sanctions, leading to a crime wave that extended to smuggling valuable items of heritage.

Mr Barzani, the Iraqi ambassador, has acknowledged Italy’s role in safeguarding and returning items of cultural heritage to Iraq. AP
Mr Barzani, the Iraqi ambassador, has acknowledged Italy’s role in safeguarding and returning items of cultural heritage to Iraq. AP

In 2018, US arts and crafts chain store Hobby Lobby was fined $3 million after US investigators found some of more than 3,000 clay tablets and seals that had been smuggled out of Iraq had been bought by the shop's managers.

Since then, thousands more items from around the world have been recovered. In 2021, Iraqi and US authorities secured the return of 17,000 ancient objects, including the so-called Gilgamesh Dream Tablet, to Iraq. The 3,600-year-old object contains a section of the ancient Akkadian poem, the Epic of Gilgamesh.

In 2015 the US returned more than 60 Iraqi objects after they were illegally smuggled into the country. They were returned following five separate investigations led by authorities.

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There are a number of speciality art bookshops in the UAE.

In Dubai, The Lighthouse at Dubai Design District has a wonderfully curated selection of art and design books. Alserkal Avenue runs a pop-up shop at their A4 space, and host the art-book fair Fully Booked during Art Week in March. The Third Line, also in Alserkal Avenue, has a strong book-publishing arm and sells copies at its gallery. Kinokuniya, at Dubai Mall, has some good offerings within its broad selection, and you never know what you will find at the House of Prose in Jumeirah. Finally, all of Gulf Photo Plus’s photo books are available for sale at their show. 

In Abu Dhabi, Louvre Abu Dhabi has a beautiful selection of catalogues and art books, and Magrudy’s – across the Emirates, but particularly at their NYU Abu Dhabi site – has a great selection in art, fiction and cultural theory.

In Sharjah, the Sharjah Art Museum sells catalogues and art books at its museum shop, and the Sharjah Art Foundation has a bookshop that offers reads on art, theory and cultural history.

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Size: 50 employees

Funding: approximately $6m

Investors: Beco Capital, Enabling Future and Wain in the UAE; China's MSA Capital; 500 Startups; Faith Capital and Savour Ventures in Kuwait

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Sector: Private/Retail/Leisure

Number of Employees: 18 employees, including full-time and flexible workers

Funding stage and size: Seed round completed Q4 2019 - $1m raised

Funders: Oman Technology Fund, 500 Startups, Vision Ventures, Seedstars, Mindshift Capital, Delta Partners Ventures, with support from the OQAL Angel Investor Network and UAE Business Angels

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The smuggler

Eldarir had arrived at JFK in January 2020 with three suitcases, containing goods he valued at $300, when he was directed to a search area.
Officers found 41 gold artefacts among the bags, including amulets from a funerary set which prepared the deceased for the afterlife.
Also found was a cartouche of a Ptolemaic king on a relief that was originally part of a royal building or temple. 
The largest single group of items found in Eldarir’s cases were 400 shabtis, or figurines.

Khouli conviction

Khouli smuggled items into the US by making false declarations to customs about the country of origin and value of the items.
According to Immigration and Customs Enforcement, he provided “false provenances which stated that [two] Egyptian antiquities were part of a collection assembled by Khouli's father in Israel in the 1960s” when in fact “Khouli acquired the Egyptian antiquities from other dealers”.
He was sentenced to one year of probation, six months of home confinement and 200 hours of community service in 2012 after admitting buying and smuggling Egyptian antiquities, including coffins, funerary boats and limestone figures.

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A number of other items said to come from the collection of Ezeldeen Taha Eldarir are currently or recently for sale.
Their provenance is described in near identical terms as the British Museum shabti: bought from Salahaddin Sirmali, "authenticated and appraised" by Hossen Rashed, then imported to the US in 1948.

- An Egyptian Mummy mask dating from 700BC-30BC, is on offer for £11,807 ($15,275) online by a seller in Mexico

- A coffin lid dating back to 664BC-332BC was offered for sale by a Colorado-based art dealer, with a starting price of $65,000

- A shabti that was on sale through a Chicago-based coin dealer, dating from 1567BC-1085BC, is up for $1,950

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Bengal Tigers 130-1 (10 ov)

Roy 60 not out, Rutherford 47 not out

Northern Warriors 94-7 (10 ov)

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Updated: January 29, 2025, 8:19 PM`