Incidents of women being assaulted in Khartoum are on the rise. A number of attacks, including ones where women are whipped, slapped in the face and beaten in public by young men, have been recorded as a violent social media campaign seeking to “punish the immodestly dressed,” takes to the streets.
Just over two years after Islamist autocrat Omar Al Bashir was removed from power, the illegal attacks echo his notorious but now repealed rules that discriminated against women and restricted their personal freedoms.
Several women in Khartoum gave identical accounts of young men patrolling the streets, lashing their victims before speeding off in their cars.
The National spoke to men who readily admitted to taking part in beatings and who have been trying to rally support for the campaign, known as "Assawt", after the Arabic word for whip.
This heinous campaign was launched by a group of misogynistic, insecure and radical men
The attacks kicked off after a hashtag promoting the crackdown on women's freedom went viral on social media at the end of March. Facebook posts showed hundreds of messages of support from Sudanese men.
The drive-by floggings coincide with the second anniversary of a public uprising that toppled Al Bashir, who seized power in a 1989 coup and ruled the country for nearly 30 years.
"This heinous campaign was launched by a group of misogynistic, insecure and radical men who can't tolerate seeing women taking their places in society after the December revolution," Enass Muzamel, a Sudanese human rights activist, told The National.
Ms Muzamel, 31, recently had a close call with a group of men wielding whips while she was cycling around a walled-off compound.
“I was on my bicycle with a group of women a few days ago and it happened to us,” she said. “A group of around four young men disembarked from their car and started shouting through the gate: ‘Next time we will lash all of you. Put on headscarves!’”
Public order laws introduced in 1991 imposed many restrictions on personal freedoms, particularly for women.
Under the laws, Sudanese women faced arrest and punishment of up to 40 lashes for "indecent and immoral acts", purposely kept vague.
Sudan's new transitional government – a joint military-civilian council with a civilian-led Cabinet – revoked the laws soon after being installed in 2019. Repealing them was a key demand of the protesters who took the streets calling for reforms.
Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok has paid tribute to women who had "endured the atrocities that resulted from the implementation of this law".
Sudanese women’s groups and female activists played a key role in the 2019 uprising and in the powerful professional unions that rallied the crowds.
The threat of an 'endless loop of misogyny'
For Salma Abdel Kareem, a 27-year-old food delivery rider, the social media campaign sounded ominous from the start.
With the pandemic already taking a toll on her mental health, for Ms Abdel Kareem and other women, the threat of punishment as part of the campaign has been like a ticking time-bomb.
"I was waiting at the bus stop. Then a car slowed down and a guy hit the ground with a whip to intimidate me. He said next time they will flog me if they find me wearing trousers and a short-sleeved T-shirt,” she said.
I always carry a sharp object to defend myself
For someone like Ms Abdel Kareem, whose job requires her to get out and about on her bicycle in a deeply conservative society, the challenges are enormous even without the threat of violence over her choice of clothes.
“I always carry a sharp object to defend myself if men sexually harass or try to assault me like these whip campaign idiots,” she said, adding that she had threatened her would-be floggers.
“I was scared deep inside.”
The campaign of intimidation and violence has also made life difficult for university student Ramaz Al Fadel, 19, who was slapped in the face by a man for wearing trousers.
“I was on my way home last month from university and a man got closer to me and told me off for wearing a T-shirt and jeans,” she recalled.
“I told him it was none of his business, then he slapped me hard on my face.
“It was more shocking to me that men passing by stood idle and even justified his act.”
Ms Al Fadel, who said her family was proudly left-wing, hasn’t given in to the abuse. “I took the incident in my stride, but what made me really angry and sad was the way other men stood by that violent, barbaric man. One of them said: ‘It’s all right! He’s like your big brother.’”
Women in Sudan, she said, “live in an endless loop of misogyny”. “Abuse by men follows abuse by men.”
Some men feel they are entitled to act violently. Mohamed Ahmed Al Tayib, 34, said women deserved to be punished for dressing immodestly.
“They violate my rights too. They are trying to arouse me with their dresses. This is a basic instinct in men,” he claimed.
This will be treated as an act of terror. If women are hit on the streets for their clothes, this is terrorism
“They are everywhere – I turn my eye from the left side to find another one in revealing clothes on the right.”
Mr Al Tayib said he believed he was entitled to punish women he considered to be dressed inappropriately because he was “a real man”.
He added that he had no problem with his wife or sister being lashed by another man for the clothes they were wearing.
“If I don’t beat them myself, then men are encouraged to beat them.”
What the Sudanese government says
The outcry over the campaign was swift and broad in Sudan, drawing widespread condemnation from women.
But men were less vocal in the ensuing heated debates that played out on social media.
The public floggings come at an extraordinarily delicate moment for Sudan. The country is marking the second anniversary of the revolution, which broke out after decades of oppression under a regime that ruled by decree.
"This campaign is a full-frontal attack on our democracy," the First Assistant of the Public Prosecutor in Sudan, Mamoun Farouq, told The National.
“This will be treated as an act of terror. If women are hit on the streets for their clothes, this is terrorism and flagrant violation of their human rights,” he said.
“We encourage any girl or woman who has been threatened or hit by such criminals to stand up and be counted. They should report such crimes to the police and they will find support."
Mr Farouq said however that most of the incidents go unreported, “because women fear stigma in society”.
'Flog me if you dare'
The public order laws made international headlines in 2009 when United Nations worker Lubna Hussein was arrested along with other women for wearing trousers in a restaurant in Khartoum.
Ms Hussein challenged her arrest in court, rebuffed a presidential pardon, but was later released after the Union of Journalists paid a fine.
Now living in Canada after moving between many countries since leaving Sudan three months after the traumatic incident, Ms Hussein has been able to put the event into perspective.
"My arrest for wearing trousers back in 2009 was not the strongest shock in my life," she told The National in a phone interview. "We have thick skin, as we say in Sudan.
“When I was 18 they arrested me after taking part in a campus protest against Bashir and put me in solitary confinement for one week.”
We can't really make any progress in society if we don't separate governance and religion
Today, Ms Hussein is torn between desperation and hope when she thinks about what the future holds for Sudan.
“Today women live in a new Sudan after removing Bashir, they should tell these abusive men in the face: ‘flog me if you dare,’” she said.
Long-standing ties between the state and religion have darkened her outlook, however.
“We can’t really make any progress in society if we don’t separate governance and religion,” she said.
“The government is responsible for opening hospitals, schools, and creating job opportunities. It has nothing to do with sending people to hell or paradise.”
The mass protests that convulsed Khartoum two years ago may have ousted Al Bashir, but the transitional government is still trying to stamp out the rampant misogyny that was allowed to flourish during his tenure. Sudan is not a signatory to the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW).
But the transitional authorities have introduced key reforms including repealing the abusive public order law, outlawing female genital mutilation and removing the death penalty and lashing as punishments for many offences.
Rights activists and Sudanese women have fought hard for greater freedoms for themselves and their country during decades of oppression under Al Bashir.
But their fight isn’t only against repressive rules.
Women are trying to uproot deeply-held beliefs, tied up with traditions, that permeate many areas of Sudanese society.
“Masculinity is deeply anchored in Sudanese society,” said Ms Muzamel. “You have the evil mix of masculinity and tradition, which is very hard to defeat.”
Women in Sudan, she said, continue to live under the protection of male guardians even after the controversial public order laws were repealed.
Ms Muzamel blamed families for giving men a sexist and misogynist “mandate” to dictate how women should behave in public.
“For them, a civil country is synonymous with obscenity and debauchery,” she said. "They see women wearing jeans, make-up or piercing their noses with the traditional Zummam ring as a sign of indecency."
The public order laws, she said, were designed to live on as a way of thinking in the minds of men and women.
Additional reporting Shawki Abdel Azeem in Khartoum
Honeymoonish
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Lexus LX700h specs
Engine: 3.4-litre twin-turbo V6 plus supplementary electric motor
Power: 464hp at 5,200rpm
Torque: 790Nm from 2,000-3,600rpm
Transmission: 10-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 11.7L/100km
On sale: Now
Price: From Dh590,000
The biog
Year of birth: 1988
Place of birth: Baghdad
Education: PhD student and co-researcher at Greifswald University, Germany
Hobbies: Ping Pong, swimming, reading
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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Need to know
When: October 17 until November 10
Cost: Entry is free but some events require prior registration
Where: Various locations including National Theatre (Abu Dhabi), Abu Dhabi Cultural Center, Zayed University Promenade, Beach Rotana (Abu Dhabi), Vox Cinemas at Yas Mall, Sharjah Youth Center
What: The Korea Festival will feature art exhibitions, a B-boy dance show, a mini K-pop concert, traditional dance and music performances, food tastings, a beauty seminar, and more.
For more information: www.koreafestivaluae.com
ADCC AFC Women’s Champions League Group A fixtures
October 3: v Wuhan Jiangda Women’s FC
October 6: v Hyundai Steel Red Angels Women’s FC
October 9: v Sabah FA
Company profile
Date started: Founded in May 2017 and operational since April 2018
Founders: co-founder and chief executive, Doaa Aref; Dr Rasha Rady, co-founder and chief operating officer.
Based: Cairo, Egypt
Sector: Health-tech
Size: 22 employees
Funding: Seed funding
Investors: Flat6labs, 500 Falcons, three angel investors
21 Lessons for the 21st Century
Yuval Noah Harari, Jonathan Cape
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The specs
Engine: 2.0-litre 4cyl turbo
Power: 261hp at 5,500rpm
Torque: 405Nm at 1,750-3,500rpm
Transmission: 9-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 6.9L/100km
On sale: Now
Price: From Dh117,059
The story of Edge
Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi and Deputy Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, established Edge in 2019.
It brought together 25 state-owned and independent companies specialising in weapons systems, cyber protection and electronic warfare.
Edge has an annual revenue of $5 billion and employs more than 12,000 people.
Some of the companies include Nimr, a maker of armoured vehicles, Caracal, which manufactures guns and ammunitions company, Lahab
The specs: 2018 Chevrolet Trailblazer
Price, base / as tested Dh99,000 / Dh132,000
Engine 3.6L V6
Transmission: Six-speed automatic
Power 275hp @ 6,000rpm
Torque 350Nm @ 3,700rpm
Fuel economy combined 12.2L / 100km
Company%20Profile
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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Syria squad
Goalkeepers: Ibrahim Alma, Mahmoud Al Youssef, Ahmad Madania.
Defenders: Ahmad Al Salih, Moayad Ajan, Jehad Al Baour, Omar Midani, Amro Jenyat, Hussein Jwayed, Nadim Sabagh, Abdul Malek Anezan.
Midfielders: Mahmoud Al Mawas, Mohammed Osman, Osama Omari, Tamer Haj Mohamad, Ahmad Ashkar, Youssef Kalfa, Zaher Midani, Khaled Al Mobayed, Fahd Youssef.
Forwards: Omar Khribin, Omar Al Somah, Mardik Mardikian.
BMW M5 specs
Engine: 4.4-litre twin-turbo V-8 petrol enging with additional electric motor
Power: 727hp
Torque: 1,000Nm
Transmission: 8-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 10.6L/100km
On sale: Now
Price: From Dh650,000
French business
France has organised a delegation of leading businesses to travel to Syria. The group was led by French shipping giant CMA CGM, which struck a 30-year contract in May with the Syrian government to develop and run Latakia port. Also present were water and waste management company Suez, defence multinational Thales, and Ellipse Group, which is currently looking into rehabilitating Syrian hospitals.
MATCH INFO
Uefa Champions League semi-final, first leg
Bayern Munich v Real Madrid
When: April 25, 10.45pm kick-off (UAE)
Where: Allianz Arena, Munich
Live: BeIN Sports HD
Second leg: May 1, Santiago Bernabeu, Madrid
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Director: Laxman Utekar
Cast: Vicky Kaushal, Akshaye Khanna, Diana Penty, Vineet Kumar Singh, Rashmika Mandanna
Rating: 1/5
Innotech Profile
Date started: 2013
Founder/CEO: Othman Al Mandhari
Based: Muscat, Oman
Sector: Additive manufacturing, 3D printing technologies
Size: 15 full-time employees
Stage: Seed stage and seeking Series A round of financing
Investors: Oman Technology Fund from 2017 to 2019, exited through an agreement with a new investor to secure new funding that it under negotiation right now.
Pathaan
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Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere
Director: Scott Cooper
Starring: Jeremy Allen White, Odessa Young, Jeremy Strong
Rating: 4/5
Company profile
Date started: 2015
Founder: John Tsioris and Ioanna Angelidaki
Based: Dubai
Sector: Online grocery delivery
Staff: 200
Funding: Undisclosed, but investors include the Jabbar Internet Group and Venture Friends
COMPANY%20PROFILE
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Who was Alfred Nobel?
The Nobel Prize was created by wealthy Swedish chemist and entrepreneur Alfred Nobel.
- In his will he dictated that the bulk of his estate should be used to fund "prizes to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind".
- Nobel is best known as the inventor of dynamite, but also wrote poetry and drama and could speak Russian, French, English and German by the age of 17. The five original prize categories reflect the interests closest to his heart.
- Nobel died in 1896 but it took until 1901, following a legal battle over his will, before the first prizes were awarded.
The Freedom Artist
By Ben Okri (Head of Zeus)
Our legal consultant
Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
What is the Supreme Petroleum Council?
The Abu Dhabi Supreme Petroleum Council was established in 1988 and is the highest governing body in Abu Dhabi’s oil and gas industry. The council formulates, oversees and executes the emirate’s petroleum-related policies. It also approves the allocation of capital spending across state-owned Adnoc’s upstream, downstream and midstream operations and functions as the company’s board of directors. The SPC’s mandate is also required for auctioning oil and gas concessions in Abu Dhabi and for awarding blocks to international oil companies. The council is chaired by Sheikh Khalifa, the President and Ruler of Abu Dhabi while Sheikh Mohamed bin Zayed, Abu Dhabi’s Crown Prince and Deputy Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces, is the vice chairman.
Spare
Profile
Company name: Spare
Started: March 2018
Co-founders: Dalal Alrayes and Saurabh Shah
Based: UAE
Sector: FinTech
Investment: Own savings. Going for first round of fund-raising in March 2019
The cost of Covid testing around the world
Egypt
Dh514 for citizens; Dh865 for tourists
Information can be found through VFS Global.
Jordan
Dh212
Centres include the Speciality Hospital, which now offers drive-through testing.
Cambodia
Dh478
Travel tests are managed by the Ministry of Health and National Institute of Public Health.
Zanzibar
AED 295
Zanzibar Public Health Emergency Operations Centre, located within the Lumumba Secondary School compound.
Abu Dhabi
Dh85
Abu Dhabi’s Seha has test centres throughout the UAE.
UK
From Dh400
Heathrow Airport now offers drive through and clinic-based testing, starting from Dh400 and up to Dh500 for the PCR test.
Jetour T1 specs
Engine: 2-litre turbocharged
Power: 254hp
Torque: 390Nm
Price: From Dh126,000
Available: Now
Bio:
Favourite Quote: Prophet Mohammad's quotes There is reward for kindness to every living thing and A good man treats women with honour
Favourite Hobby: Serving poor people
Favourite Book: The Alchemist by Paulo Coelho
Favourite food: Fish and vegetables
Favourite place to visit: London
Results
5pm: UAE Martyrs Cup (TB) Conditions Dh90,000 2,200m
Winner: Mudaarab, Jim Crowley (jockey), Erwan Charpy (trainer).
5.30pm: Wathba Stallions Cup (PA) Handicap Dh70,000 1,400m
Winner: Jawal Al Reef, Richard Mullen, Hassan Al Hammadi.
6pm: UAE Matyrs Trophy (PA) Maiden Dh80,000 1,600m
Winner: Salima Al Reef, Jesus Rosales, Abdallah Al Hammadi.
6.30pm: Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak (IFAHR) Apprentice Championship (PA) Prestige Dh100,000 1,600m
Winner: Bainoona, Ricardo Iacopini, Eric Lemartinel.
7pm: Sheikha Fatima bint Mubarak (IFAHR) Ladies World Championship (PA) Prestige Dh125,000 1,600m
Winner: Assyad, Victoria Larsen, Eric Lemartinel.
8pm: Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan Jewel Crown (PA) Group 1 Dh5,000,000 1,600m
Winner: Mashhur Al Khalediah, Jean-Bernard Eyquem, Phillip Collington.
GIANT REVIEW
Starring: Amir El-Masry, Pierce Brosnan
Director: Athale
Rating: 4/5
Dhadak 2
Director: Shazia Iqbal
Starring: Siddhant Chaturvedi, Triptii Dimri
Rating: 1/5
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if you go
Getting there
Etihad (Etihad.com), Emirates (emirates.com) and Air France (www.airfrance.com) fly to Paris’ Charles de Gaulle Airport, from Abu Dhabi and Dubai respectively. Return flights cost from around Dh3,785. It takes about 40 minutes to get from Paris to Compiègne by train, with return tickets costing €19. The Glade of the Armistice is 6.6km east of the railway station.
Staying there
On a handsome, tree-lined street near the Chateau’s park, La Parenthèse du Rond Royal (laparenthesedurondroyal.com) offers spacious b&b accommodation with thoughtful design touches. Lots of natural woods, old fashioned travelling trunks as decoration and multi-nozzle showers are part of the look, while there are free bikes for those who want to cycle to the glade. Prices start at €120 a night.
More information: musee-armistice-14-18.fr ; compiegne-tourisme.fr; uk.france.fr
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EA Sports FC 26
Publisher: EA Sports
Consoles: PC, PlayStation 4/5, Xbox Series X/S
Rating: 3/5
Points about the fast fashion industry Celine Hajjar wants everyone to know
- Fast fashion is responsible for up to 10 per cent of global carbon emissions
- Fast fashion is responsible for 24 per cent of the world's insecticides
- Synthetic fibres that make up the average garment can take hundreds of years to biodegrade
- Fast fashion labour workers make 80 per cent less than the required salary to live
- 27 million fast fashion workers worldwide suffer from work-related illnesses and diseases
- Hundreds of thousands of fast fashion labourers work without rights or protection and 80 per cent of them are women
