Iraq

Who is Ayatollah Ali Al Sistani and what will happen when he meets the Pope in Iraq?

The influential Shiite leader is due to open his Najaf home to the head of the Roman Catholic Church

The National

March 04, 2021

  • English
  • Arabic

Pope Francis will meet a revered Shiite leader and make history with a message of coexistence in Iraq, a country plagued by bitter divisions.

The opinions Ayatollah Ali Al Sistani hold powerful sway on the Iraqi street and beyond. And their meeting will resonate across Iraq, even crossing borders into neighbouring Iran.

Pope Francis and Mr Al Sistani are to meet on Saturday for at most 40 minutes, part of the time alone except for interpreters, in the latter’s modest home in the city of Najaf.

Who is Grand Ayatollah Ali Al Sistani?

Originally from the Iranian city of Masshad, Mr Al Sistani is the most important Shiite cleric in Iraq.

He moved to Najaf in 1952 where he studied with some of the era's most prominent thinkers, eventually becoming part of the senior clerical leadership, called Hawza, in 1993.

Mr Al Sistani rose to international prominence after the fall of dictator Saddam Hussein in 2003. During the dictatorship he spent some time under house arrest.

A year later he brokered a truce between US and Iraqi forces and fighters loyal to Moqtada Al Sadr, ending the battle of Najaf.

The statue of the Virgin Mary at the Syriac Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception, or Al-Tahira Al-Kubra church, in the predominantly Christian town of Qaraqosh in Iraq. AFP
The statue of the Virgin Mary at the Syriac Catholic Church of the Immaculate Conception, or Al-Tahira Al-Kubra church, in the predominantly Christian town of Qaraqosh in Iraq. AFP
A nun adds a coat of paint to the crucifix at the Immaculate Mary Convent in Qaraqosh, in preparation for the visit of Pope Francis in March. AFP
A nun adds a coat of paint to the crucifix at the Immaculate Mary Convent in Qaraqosh, in preparation for the visit of Pope Francis in March. AFP
Policemen stand guard as maintenance work is carried out at the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Qaraqosh before the Pope's visit. EPA
Policemen stand guard as maintenance work is carried out at the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Qaraqosh before the Pope's visit. EPA
A fighter from the Nineveh Plain Protection Units, an Assyrian Christian militia, stands guard outside the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Qaraqosh. AFP
A fighter from the Nineveh Plain Protection Units, an Assyrian Christian militia, stands guard outside the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Qaraqosh. AFP
Iraqi and Vatican flags and a picture of Pope Francis in Qaraqosh, about 30 kilometres east of Mosul in northern Iraq. EPA
Iraqi and Vatican flags and a picture of Pope Francis in Qaraqosh, about 30 kilometres east of Mosul in northern Iraq. EPA
A sign welcoming Pope Francis hangs outside the Syriac Catholic Church of St Thomas in Qaraqosh. AFP
A sign welcoming Pope Francis hangs outside the Syriac Catholic Church of St Thomas in Qaraqosh. AFP
Father Ammar Yako, head of the Church of the Immaculate Conception, walks past a poster of Pope Francis days before his historic visit to Iraq. Getty
Father Ammar Yako, head of the Church of the Immaculate Conception, walks past a poster of Pope Francis days before his historic visit to Iraq. Getty
Workers prepare a path at the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Qaraqosh, Iraq. AFP
Workers prepare a path at the Church of the Immaculate Conception in Qaraqosh, Iraq. AFP
Iraqi men print a banner of Pope Francis and Shiite cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani at a factory in Najaf, before the first papal visit to Iraq. AFP
Iraqi men print a banner of Pope Francis and Shiite cleric Grand Ayatollah Ali Sistani at a factory in Najaf, before the first papal visit to Iraq. AFP
Municipal workers pave the road outside the Chaldean Catholic Church of St Joseph in preparation for the Pope's visit to Baghdad. AFP
Municipal workers pave the road outside the Chaldean Catholic Church of St Joseph in preparation for the Pope's visit to Baghdad. AFP
Members of a Christian choir rehearse at the Chaldean Catholic Church of St Joseph before the visit of Pope Francis. AFP
Members of a Christian choir rehearse at the Chaldean Catholic Church of St Joseph before the visit of Pope Francis. AFP
Workers prepare Franso Hariri Stadium in Erbil for the arrival of Pope Francis. AFP
Workers prepare Franso Hariri Stadium in Erbil for the arrival of Pope Francis. AFP
A stage has been set up at Franso Hariri Stadium in preparation for the papal visit to Iraq. AFP
A stage has been set up at Franso Hariri Stadium in preparation for the papal visit to Iraq. AFP
A poster of Pope Francis on the wall of the Chaldean Catholic Church of St Joseph in Baghdad. AFP
A poster of Pope Francis on the wall of the Chaldean Catholic Church of St Joseph in Baghdad. AFP
Al Tahera Syriac Catholic Church in the northern Iraqi city of Mosul, which was severely damaged by ISIS in 2017. Pope Francis is expected to pray there during his March visit. AFP
Al Tahera Syriac Catholic Church in the northern Iraqi city of Mosul, which was severely damaged by ISIS in 2017. Pope Francis is expected to pray there during his March visit. AFP
Al Tahera Syriac Catholic Church in Mosul was damaged by ISIS as the extremists were forced out of the city. AFP
Al Tahera Syriac Catholic Church in Mosul was damaged by ISIS as the extremists were forced out of the city. AFP
The Chaldean Catholic Church of St Joseph in Iraq's capital Baghdad. The Pope will visit the city in March. AFP
The Chaldean Catholic Church of St Joseph in Iraq's capital Baghdad. The Pope will visit the city in March. AFP
Inside the Chaldean Catholic Church of St Joseph in Baghdad. AFP
Inside the Chaldean Catholic Church of St Joseph in Baghdad. AFP
Workers at Franso Hariri Stadium in Erbil, the capital of Iraq's northern autonomous Kurdish region. The Pope will hold a Mass at the stadium in March. AFP
Workers at Franso Hariri Stadium in Erbil, the capital of Iraq's northern autonomous Kurdish region. The Pope will hold a Mass at the stadium in March. AFP
Workers finalise preparations for the Pope's visit to Franso Hariri Stadium in Erbil. AFP
Workers finalise preparations for the Pope's visit to Franso Hariri Stadium in Erbil. AFP
Pope Francis will hold a Mass at Franso Hariri Stadium in Erbil, the capital of Iraq's northern autonomous Kurdish region. AFP
Pope Francis will hold a Mass at Franso Hariri Stadium in Erbil, the capital of Iraq's northern autonomous Kurdish region. AFP

Mr Al Sistani has advocated a separation of religion and the state in Iraq.

Today, many in the Muslim world look to him for advice on daily life and politics.

Mr Al Sistani is also reclusive. In January 2020 his office announced he had undergone surgery for a broken thigh bone, in a rare outing from his home.

He does not make public appearances and his sermons are delivered by representatives. He rarely receives foreign dignitaries.

L-shaped sofas and no shoes: how the pair will meet

Each minute of Saturday’s meeting will probably unfold as meticulously as a scripted stage play.

The convoy of Pope Francis, 84, will pull up along Najaf’s busy, column-lined Rasool Street, which ends at the Imam Ali Shrine.

To the side is an alleyway too narrow for cars. Here, Pope Francis will walk the 30 metres to Mr Al Sistani’s modest home, which the cleric has rented for decades.

Waiting to greet him at the entrance will be the Mr Al Sistani's influential son, Mohammed Ridha.

Inside, and some steps to the right, Mr Al Sistani and the Pope will come face to face, and each will make a simple gesture of mutual respect.

The Pope will remove his shoes before entering Mr Al Sistani’s room.

The host, who normally remains seated for visitors, will stand to greet the Pope at the door and walk him to an L-shaped blue sofa, inviting him to take a seat.

He will stand despite his fragile health, said religious officials. Since fracturing his thigh, Mr Al Sistani has been firmly ensconced indoors. Pope Francis suffers from sciatica.

He will be offered tea and gifts will be exchanged.

It is not clear what Najaf will bestow, but Pope Francis will almost certainly present Mr Al Sistani with bound copies of the Pontiff's most important writings.

Top among them his latest encyclical, Brothers All,  about the need for greater fraternity among all peoples to bring about a more peaceful, ecologically sustainable and just world.

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