Harriet Rix started this year working with an Iraqi charity based in Erbil to plant thousands of oak trees across Iraq Kurdistan and northern areas in Iraq.
Harriet Rix started this year working with an Iraqi charity based in Erbil to plant thousands of oak trees across Iraq Kurdistan and northern areas in Iraq.
Harriet Rix started this year working with an Iraqi charity based in Erbil to plant thousands of oak trees across Iraq Kurdistan and northern areas in Iraq.
Harriet Rix started this year working with an Iraqi charity based in Erbil to plant thousands of oak trees across Iraq Kurdistan and northern areas in Iraq.

MENA

From clearing landmines to planting trees: One woman's quest for a greener Iraq

Landmine expert says climate change should be treated as an urgent threat in conflict zones

Ahmed Maher
Ahmed Maher

December 20, 2021

  • English
  • Arabic

A landmine removal expert has turned her hand to an entirely different way to improve Iraqi lives: planting trees.

Harriet Rix, 31, first travelled to Iraq in 2014. The country, fighting a losing battle with extremist group ISIS, was in a state of crisis and landmines littered the landscape, endangering civilians.

The Oxford biochemistry graduate had been training Iraqis and Syrians to identify unexploded ordnance via video calls, but decided to shed her “incredibly safe and privileged position" behind a computer screen for the realities of dealing with the indiscriminate use of landmines and other explosives.

"I was at Rabban Hormizd monastery as ISIS moved into Mosul. Earlier in the week I’d seen the effects of minefields for the first time up on the border with Iran at Haji Omran, and talked to a man who had lost his leg trying to farm there,” she tells The National in an interview.

“I remember seeing people on the road desperately getting out of Mosul; the fear, the uncertainty, the feeling that this had happened before. Some still haven’t returned, partly because of the threat of explosive remnants of war, others because of the impossibility of making a living.”

On Ms Rix's return in 2017, glimmers of hope were beginning to show when the government declared victory over ISIS. As she made her way back to Mosul, the former ISIS stronghold laid waste in the battle for control, she saw first-hand the tragedy and danger of a postwar city for its inhabitants.

She describes the mine belt "stretching on and on across the hills," as her team cleared unexploded improvised explosive devices (IEDs) to allow the repair of power cables.

UN delegates who paid visits to the mangled city of Mosul after the war described it as “hell on earth”.

Harriet Rix was a landmine removal expert in Iraq but decided to turn her hand to an entirely different way to improve Iraqi lives: planting trees. Photo: Harriet Rix
Harriet Rix was a landmine removal expert in Iraq but decided to turn her hand to an entirely different way to improve Iraqi lives: planting trees. Photo: Harriet Rix

Iraq is one of the countries most heavily contaminated by unexploded ordnance on earth. Explosive remnants of war affect more than 3,200 square kilometres of land - twice the area of London, according to the latest report in October by Handicap International, an international NGO that assists victims of wars and refugees worldwide.

The explosive remnants in the northern governorate of Nineveh, home to the cities of Mosul, Sinjar, and Tel Afar, claimed the lives of 700 people and between 2018-20.

A staggering 8.5 million Iraqis live amid these deadly waste-products of the war endured by Iraq against ISIS from 2014 to 2017, while up to 700,000 Iraqis have been internally displaced. In September, a trap killed an Iraqi soldier, south of Mosul. He was from the 16th Infantry Division.

“We’re often talking about bombs triggered by tripwires in hallways, aerial bombs that never exploded resting metres below ground and surrounded by rubble, and children’s toys packed with explosives,” says Alma Al Osta, Handicap's Disarmament and Protection of Civilians Advocacy Manager.

A member of Norwegian People's Aid with a landmine found east of Mosul, Iraq. Reuters
A member of Norwegian People's Aid with a landmine found east of Mosul, Iraq. Reuters
An instructor from Global Clearance Solutions, a private demining company, gives a workshop to children on how to report suspected cases of landmines and unexploded ordnance near the village of Hassan Jalad, north of Iraq's northern city of Mosu. In Hassan Jalad, almost every family has a story to tell of a child, nephew, or brother lost to wartime munitions. The area is littered with unexploded ordnance. AFP
An instructor from Global Clearance Solutions, a private demining company, gives a workshop to children on how to report suspected cases of landmines and unexploded ordnance near the village of Hassan Jalad, north of Iraq's northern city of Mosu. In Hassan Jalad, almost every family has a story to tell of a child, nephew, or brother lost to wartime munitions. The area is littered with unexploded ordnance. AFP
A member of the Mines Advisory Group demining team searching for landmines in Khazer, Iraq. Reuters
A member of the Mines Advisory Group demining team searching for landmines in Khazer, Iraq. Reuters
Members of the Iraqi security forces preparing to detonate landmines laid by ISIS near Shaqouli, a village about 35 kilometres east of Mosul, after retaking the area from the militants. AFP
Members of the Iraqi security forces preparing to detonate landmines laid by ISIS near Shaqouli, a village about 35 kilometres east of Mosul, after retaking the area from the militants. AFP
A sweeper uses a metal detector to search for landmines and unexploded ordnance near Hassan Jalad, Iraq. AFP
A sweeper uses a metal detector to search for landmines and unexploded ordnance near Hassan Jalad, Iraq. AFP
A workshop by Global Clearance Solutions to teach children from Hasan Jalad how to identify and report suspected landmines or unexploded ordnance near their village in northern Iraq. AFP
A workshop by Global Clearance Solutions to teach children from Hasan Jalad how to identify and report suspected landmines or unexploded ordnance near their village in northern Iraq. AFP
An excavator ploughs a field in the search for landmines and unexploded materiel near Hassan Jalad. AFP
An excavator ploughs a field in the search for landmines and unexploded materiel near Hassan Jalad. AFP
A workshop for Iraqi children to explain the dangers of unexploded ordnance and what to do should they come across a landmine or other suspect object. AFP
A workshop for Iraqi children to explain the dangers of unexploded ordnance and what to do should they come across a landmine or other suspect object. AFP

Changing lives through tree-planting

Mosul is a changed city today. Although piles of rubble still line the streets, projects are under way to restore old buildings and people who fled are returning in larger numbers. The city even welcomed Pope Francis, the head of the Roman Catholic church, in March.

The bustling and expensive preparations for the first papal visit to Iraq weren't just security-based. Thousands of trees were planted to beautify Mosul. A social media campaign to stop their removal once the visit was over proved successful.

Ms Rix shares this love of greenery, but also understands the importance of the environment for human survival.

Thanks to her botanist father, she grew up learning about global warming and later studied how landmines could affect the livelihoods of farmers. She was on a minefield outside Mosul when she decided to move into working with trees.

“The farmers nearby said that even before the minefield was there they couldn’t make money off the fields. The soil was degraded and it was blowing or washing away," she says.

She remembers thinking that trees were the solution.

"They would stabilise the soil, encourage rainfall and help the water percolate down through the soil rather than running off the surface,” she says.

“But I decided that I should try to learn about trees in a context I understood first and see what difference I could make in the UK before being arrogant enough to suggest it to anyone in Iraq, so I went back to England and started working with trees.”

Ms Rix, who also obtained a master's degree in philosophy from the University of Cambridge in 2015, is a science and research projects manager at the London-based Tree Council, an NGO established in 1973 to inspire and empower organisations, government and individuals with the knowledge and tools to value and love trees.

Trees to be planted as part of a project at Mosul's Technical University campus in the northern Iraqi city. It aims to plant 5,000 trees. AFP
Trees to be planted as part of a project at Mosul's Technical University campus in the northern Iraqi city. It aims to plant 5,000 trees. AFP
Iraqi volunteers started planting thousands of trees in the war-ravaged city of Mosul, hoping to make the former ISIS stronghold greener and counter desertification. AFP
Iraqi volunteers started planting thousands of trees in the war-ravaged city of Mosul, hoping to make the former ISIS stronghold greener and counter desertification. AFP
They placed the first 300 acacia, lemon and cypress saplings into the ground. Much of Mosul still lies in ruins. AFP
They placed the first 300 acacia, lemon and cypress saplings into the ground. Much of Mosul still lies in ruins. AFP
Iraqi volunteers plant trees. AFP
Iraqi volunteers plant trees. AFP
A tree planted by a brook. AFP
A tree planted by a brook. AFP
The Old City of Mosul, with its damaged Umayyad mosque. AFP
The Old City of Mosul, with its damaged Umayyad mosque. AFP
Mosul has remained devastated since the battles to oust ISIS in 2017. AFP
Mosul has remained devastated since the battles to oust ISIS in 2017. AFP
The destruction in the Old City of Mosul. AFP
The destruction in the Old City of Mosul. AFP
The Al Nuri mosque in Mosul, heavily damaged by ISIS fighters in the 2017 battle for the city. AFP
The Al Nuri mosque in Mosul, heavily damaged by ISIS fighters in the 2017 battle for the city. AFP
Churches on Hosh Al Bieaa (Church square), damaged and used by ISIS militants as a jail and tribunal. Reuters
Churches on Hosh Al Bieaa (Church square), damaged and used by ISIS militants as a jail and tribunal. Reuters

She started this year working with an Iraqi charity based in Irbil called Al Hasaa (Arabic for seeds) to plant thousands of oak trees across Iraq Kurdistan and northern areas in the country, based on a blueprint calling for "the right tree, in the right place, for the right reason" in the continuing fight against climate change.

“What you can plant in the UK or Europe isn’t necessarily fit for Iraq, which has its own native trees and plants,” says Ms Rix.

“You think, it's very simple, you have some money, you buy some trees, you find an area of land, you plant the trees and then you watch them grow. But it’s not so."

Possibly the most counterproductive projects have been those that have led to wildfires, she says.

"Pines and eucalyptus are excellent examples of trees people plant when they want quick reforestation or afforestation, not realising that they contain resins that encourage fires and this has had tragic consequences.”

In June 2017 in Portugal, 64 people died and 254 were injured after forest fires spread through thick plantations. The amount of carbon released into the atmosphere by the fires was enormous.

The Mosul mulberry, the Syrian ash tree, the Euphrates poplar and the Aleppo pine are among Ms Rix’s favourite trees in the Middle East.

“People say that Darwin altered the world’s conception of time; he allowed people to reach deep back into the past and see themselves as a blip on a scale of development and change, which also extended far into the future. Trees give me a similar feeling,” she says.

For Ms Rix, trees give her hope and help mitigate the toll earlier missions to Mosul took on her mental health.

“I don’t like the sight of helicopters any more,” she says.

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Whiile you're here
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Infiniti QX80 specs

Engine: twin-turbocharged 3.5-liter V6

Power: 450hp

Torque: 700Nm

Price: From Dh450,000, Autograph model from Dh510,000

Available: Now

The specs: 2018 Audi RS5

Price, base: Dh359,200

Engine: 2.9L twin-turbo V6

Transmission: Eight-speed automatic

Power: 450hp at 5,700rpm

Torque: 600Nm at 1,900rpm

Fuel economy, combined: 8.7L / 100km

The specs

AT4 Ultimate, as tested

Engine: 6.2-litre V8

Power: 420hp

Torque: 623Nm

Transmission: 10-speed automatic

Price: From Dh330,800 (Elevation: Dh236,400; AT4: Dh286,800; Denali: Dh345,800)

On sale: Now

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World Mental Health Day
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The internal combustion engine is facing a watershed moment – major manufacturer Volvo is to stop producing petroleum-powered vehicles by 2021 and countries in Europe, including the UK, have vowed to ban their sale before 2040. The National takes a look at the story of one of the most successful technologies of the last 100 years and how it has impacted life in the UAE. 

Read part four: an affection for classic cars lives on

Read part three: the age of the electric vehicle begins

Read part one: how cars came to the UAE

 

World Mental Health Day
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The specs

Engine: 2.0-litre 4cyl turbo

Power: 261hp at 5,500rpm

Torque: 405Nm at 1,750-3,500rpm

Transmission: 9-speed auto

Fuel consumption: 6.9L/100km

On sale: Now

Price: From Dh117,059

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Creator: Jenna Lamia

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Red flags
  • Promises of high, fixed or 'guaranteed' returns.
  • Unregulated structured products or complex investments often used to bypass traditional safeguards.
  • Lack of clear information, vague language, no access to audited financials.
  • Overseas companies targeting investors in other jurisdictions - this can make legal recovery difficult.
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Courtesy: Carol Glynn, founder of Conscious Finance Coaching

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1921

1888

Other IPL batting records

Most sixes: 292 – Chris Gayle

Most fours: 491 – Gautam Gambhir

Highest individual score: 175 not out – Chris Gayle (for Royal Challengers Bangalore against Pune Warriors in 2013)

Highest strike-rate: 177.29 – Andre Russell

Highest strike-rate in an innings: 422.22 – Chris Morris (for Delhi Daredevils against Rising Pune Supergiant in 2017)

Highest average: 52.16 – Vijay Shankar

Most centuries: 6 – Chris Gayle

Most fifties: 36 – Gautam Gambhir

Fastest hundred (balls faced): 30 – Chris Gayle (for Royal Challengers Bangalore against Pune Warriors in 2013)

Fastest fifty (balls faced): 14 – Lokesh Rahul (for Kings XI Punjab against Delhi Daredevils in 2018)

 

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1. Fasting

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Pharaoh's curse

British aristocrat Lord Carnarvon, who funded the expedition to find the Tutankhamun tomb, died in a Cairo hotel four months after the crypt was opened.
He had been in poor health for many years after a car crash, and a mosquito bite made worse by a shaving cut led to blood poisoning and pneumonia.
Reports at the time said Lord Carnarvon suffered from “pain as the inflammation affected the nasal passages and eyes”.
Decades later, scientists contended he had died of aspergillosis after inhaling spores of the fungus aspergillus in the tomb, which can lie dormant for months. The fact several others who entered were also found dead withiin a short time led to the myth of the curse.

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The flights

Flydubai operates up to seven flights a week to Helsinki. Return fares to Helsinki from Dubai start from Dh1,545 in Economy and Dh7,560 in Business Class.

The stay

Golden Crown Igloos in Levi offer stays from Dh1,215 per person per night for a superior igloo; www.leviniglut.net 

Panorama Hotel in Levi is conveniently located at the top of Levi fell, a short walk from the gondola. Stays start from Dh292 per night based on two people sharing; www. golevi.fi/en/accommodation/hotel-levi-panorama

Arctic Treehouse Hotel in Rovaniemi offers stays from Dh1,379 per night based on two people sharing; www.arctictreehousehotel.com

THE LOWDOWN

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  • Power: 640hp
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Dos

  • Wear the right fabric for the right season and occasion 
  • Always ask for the dress code if you don’t know
  • Wear a white kandura, white ghutra / shemagh (headwear) and black shoes for work 
  • Wear 100 per cent cotton under the kandura as most fabrics are polyester

Don’ts 

  • Wear hamdania for work, always wear a ghutra and agal 
  • Buy a kandura only based on how it feels; ask questions about the fabric and understand what you are buying

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Power: 333hp, 449hp, 680hp

Torque: 480Nm, 670Nm, 870Nm

On sale: Later in 2025 or early 2026, depending on region

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The specs: 2018 Chevrolet Trailblazer

Price, base / as tested Dh99,000 / Dh132,000

Engine 3.6L V6

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Torque 350Nm @ 3,700rpm

Fuel economy combined 12.2L / 100km

Engine: 5.6-litre V8

Transmission: seven-speed automatic

Power: 400hp

Torque: 560Nm

Price: Dh234,000 - Dh329,000

On sale: now

MATCH INFO

Argentina 47 (Tries: Sanchez, Tuculet (2), Mallia (2), De La Fuente, Bertranou; Cons: Sanchez 5, Urdapilleta)

United States 17 (Tries: Scully (2), Lasike; Cons: MacGinty)

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Kareem Shaheen on Canada
While you're here
LAST-16 EUROPA LEAGUE FIXTURES

Wednesday (Kick-offs UAE)

FC Copenhagen (0) v Istanbul Basaksehir (1) 8.55pm

Shakhtar Donetsk (2) v Wolfsburg (1) 8.55pm

Inter Milan v Getafe (one leg only) 11pm

Manchester United (5) v LASK (0) 11pm 

Thursday

Bayer Leverkusen (3) v Rangers (1) 8.55pm

Sevilla v Roma  (one leg only)  8.55pm

FC Basel (3) v Eintracht Frankfurt (0) 11pm 

Wolves (1) Olympiakos (1) 11pm 

While you're here

No_One Ever Really Dies

N*E*R*D

(I Am Other/Columbia)

The biog

Favourite hobby: taking his rescue dog, Sally, for long walks.

Favourite book: anything by Stephen King, although he said the films rarely match the quality of the books

Favourite film: The Shawshank Redemption stands out as his favourite movie, a classic King novella

Favourite music: “I have a wide and varied music taste, so it would be unfair to pick a single song from blues to rock as a favourite"

Updated: December 20, 2021, 8:38 AM`
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