Researchers have found that Twitter's image-cropping algorithm, which went viral after it was shown to exclude black people and men, is also coded with an indirect bias against a number of other groups.
The discovery was made during the Def Con hacker convention in Las Vegas in the US, where researchers found that the feature also discriminates against women who wear headscarves, people with white or grey hair and people who use wheelchairs.
The feature was removed after it was discovered that the image-cropping algorithm chose points of focus on pictures, which Twitter calls the saliency, and found occasional instances of bias in cropped pictures in favour of women and lighter skin tones.
According to findings, there was an 8 per cent difference from demographic parity in favour of women, 4 per cent difference in favour of white individuals overall, while comparisons of white and black women showed a difference of 7 per cent in favour of white women.
In comparisons of black and white men, there was a 2 per cent difference in favour of white men.
Twitter launched the saliency algorithm in 2018 to crop images to improve consistency in the size of photos, so viewers could see more tweets in one glance.
"We considered the trade-offs between the speed and consistency of automated cropping with the potential risks we saw in this research. One of our conclusions is that not everything on Twitter is a good candidate for an algorithm, and in this case, how to crop an image is a decision best made by people," Rumman Chowdhury, Twitter's director of software engineering, wrote in a blog post in May.
After the initial discovery, the company launched a competition, inviting researchers to identify other ways the image-cropping algorithm could cause harm.
Twitter gave out cash prizes, including $3,500, to the winner, and smaller amounts to runners-up.
Our family matters legal consultant
Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
KILLING OF QASSEM SULEIMANI
AI traffic lights to ease congestion at seven points to Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Street
The seven points are:
Shakhbout bin Sultan Street
Dhafeer Street
Hadbat Al Ghubainah Street (outbound)
Salama bint Butti Street
Al Dhafra Street
Rabdan Street
Umm Yifina Street exit (inbound)
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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
'The worst thing you can eat'
Trans fat is typically found in fried and baked goods, but you may be consuming more than you think.
Powdered coffee creamer, microwave popcorn and virtually anything processed with a crust is likely to contain it, as this guide from Mayo Clinic outlines:
Baked goods - Most cakes, cookies, pie crusts and crackers contain shortening, which is usually made from partially hydrogenated vegetable oil. Ready-made frosting is another source of trans fat.
Snacks - Potato, corn and tortilla chips often contain trans fat. And while popcorn can be a healthy snack, many types of packaged or microwave popcorn use trans fat to help cook or flavour the popcorn.
Fried food - Foods that require deep frying — french fries, doughnuts and fried chicken — can contain trans fat from the oil used in the cooking process.
Refrigerator dough - Products such as canned biscuits and cinnamon rolls often contain trans fat, as do frozen pizza crusts.
Creamer and margarine - Nondairy coffee creamer and stick margarines also may contain partially hydrogenated vegetable oils.
Killing of Qassem Suleimani
EA Sports FC 26
Publisher: EA Sports
Consoles: PC, PlayStation 4/5, Xbox Series X/S
Rating: 3/5
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Specs
Engine: Duel electric motors
Power: 659hp
Torque: 1075Nm
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All about the Sevens
Cape Town Sevens on Saturday and Sunday: Pools A – South Africa, Kenya, France, Russia; B – New Zealand, Australia, Spain, United States; C – England, Scotland, Argentina, Uganda; D – Fiji, Samoa, Canada, Wales
HSBC World Sevens Series standing after first leg in Dubai 1 South Africa; 2 New Zealand; 3 England; 4 Fiji; 5 Australia; 6 Samoa; 7 Kenya; 8 Scotland; 9 France; 10 Spain; 11 Argentina; 12 Canada; 13 Wales; 14 Uganda; 15 United States; 16 Russia
