Scientists reading between the lines of Terry Pratchett's novels believe they have spotted early signs of the author's dementia years before it was diagnosed.
A study of 33 of Pratchett's Discworld books found he used simpler language in his later works, which can be a sign of dementia. The British fantasy writer, who died 10 years ago this week, revealed in 2007 that he had a rare form of Alzheimer's disease.
The latest research suggests signs of linguistic decline were evident as early as 1998's The Last Continent. As time went on, Pratchett used less varied nouns, verbs and adjectives in his work, researchers told the New Scientist, despite an increase in the overall word count of his books.
"This demonstrates a long preclinical period of dementia and the subtle impairments that aren’t necessarily picked up by traditional cognitive tests," Loughborough University researcher Thom Wilcockson told the magazine.
Pratchett had a form of the disease called posterior cortical atrophy, which damages the rear of the brain. People living with it tend to have problems with their vision and may struggle with words and numbers, the UK's Alzheimer's Society says.
It says the first symptoms tend to occur when people are in their 50s or 60s, but early signs are "often subtle" and do not immediately prompt a diagnosis. Pratchett was 59 when he was diagnosed, saying he could no longer type and had given up his driving licence.
He continued writing and his 41st and final Discworld book, The Shepherd's Crown, was published in 2015, six months after his death at the age of 66. He also donated money to Alzheimer's research in the hope a cure would be found before he died.
Marking the anniversary of his death, Pratchett's former assistant Rob Wilkins said the author "indisputably lives on" in the minds of his readers. "While his words live on, so does Terry, and that will be the case, no question, not just for this one decade so quickly gone but for many further decades to come, "he said.
Agatha Christie's detective novels have similarly been put under the microscope in the past, by researchers in Canada who suggested she too might have had Alzheimer's. They said the breadth of her vocabulary appeared to have dropped by 15 to 30 per cent towards the end of her life, with more repeated phrases in her work.
Researchers found similar trends in the work of the 20th-century novelist Iris Murdoch, who was known to have Alzheimer's when she died in 1999. Her final novel, Jackson's Dilemma, was measured as using the simplest language of all her works.
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IF YOU GO
The flights
FlyDubai flies direct from Dubai to Skopje in five hours from Dh1,314 return including taxes. Hourly buses from Skopje to Ohrid take three hours.
The tours
English-speaking guided tours of Ohrid town and the surrounding area are organised by Cultura 365; these cost €90 (Dh386) for a one-day trip including driver and guide and €100 a day (Dh429) for two people.
The hotels
Villa St Sofija in the old town of Ohrid, twin room from $54 (Dh198) a night.
St Naum Monastery, on the lake 30km south of Ohrid town, has updated its pilgrims' quarters into a modern 3-star hotel, with rooms overlooking the monastery courtyard and lake. Double room from $60 (Dh 220) a night.
The specs: 2018 Kia Picanto
Price: From Dh39,500
Engine: 1.2L inline four-cylinder
Transmission: Four-speed auto
Power: 86hp @ 6,000rpm
Torque: 122Nm @ 4,000rpm
Fuel economy, combined: 6.0L / 100km
Australia men's Test cricket fixtures 2021/22
One-off Test v Afghanistan:
Nov 27-Dec 1: Blundstone Arena, Hobart
The Ashes v England:
Dec 8-12: 1st Test, Gabba, Brisbane
Dec 16-20: 2nd Test, Adelaide Oval, Adelaide (day/night)
Dec 26-30: 3rd Test, Melbourne Cricket Ground, Melbourne
Jan 5-9, 2022: 4th Test, Sydney Cricket Ground, Sydney
Jan 14-18: 5th Test, Optus Stadium, Perth
Race card for Super Saturday
4pm: Al Bastakiya Listed US$250,000 (Dh918,125) (Dirt) 1,900m.
4.35pm: Mahab Al Shimaal Group 3 $200,000 (D) 1,200m.
5.10pm: Nad Al Sheba Conditions $200,000 (Turf) 1,200m.
5.45pm: Burj Nahaar Group 3 $200,000 (D) 1,600m.
6.20pm: Jebel Hatta Group 1 $300,000 (T) 1,800m.
6.55pm: Al Maktoum Challenge Round 3 Group 1 $400,000 (D) 2,000m.
7.30pm: Dubai City of Gold Group 2 $250,000 (T) 2,410m.
Results
5pm: Maiden (PA) Dh80,000 (Turf) 1,200m, Winner: ES Rubban, Antonio Fresu (jockey), Ibrahim Aseel (trainer)
5.30pm: Handicap (PA) Dh85,000 (T) 1,200m, Winner: Al Mobher, Sczcepan Mazur, Ibrahim Al Hadhrami
6pm: Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 (T) 2,200m, Winner: Jabalini, Tadhg O’Shea, Ibrahim Al Hadhrami
6.30pm: Wathba Stallions Cup (PA) Dh70,000 (T) 2,200m, Winner: AF Abahe, Tadgh O’Shea, Ernst Oertel
7pm: Handicap (PA) Dh85,000 (T) 1,600m, Winner: AF Makerah, Tadhg O’Shea, Ernst Oertel
7.30pm: Maiden (TB) Dh80,000 (T) 1,600m, Winner: Law Of Peace, Tadhg O’Shea, Satish Seemar
Benefits of first-time home buyers' scheme
- Priority access to new homes from participating developers
- Discounts on sales price of off-plan units
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- Mortgages with better interest rates, faster approval times and reduced fees
- DLD registration fee can be paid through banks or credit cards at zero interest rates
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Malala Yousafzai is enjoying married life, her father said.
The 24-year-old married Pakistan cricket executive Asser Malik last year in a small ceremony in the UK.
Ziauddin Yousafzai told The National his daughter was ‘very happy’ with her husband.
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