A rendering of Nasa's nuclear reactor on the Moon. Photo: Nasa
A rendering of Nasa's nuclear reactor on the Moon. Photo: Nasa
A rendering of Nasa's nuclear reactor on the Moon. Photo: Nasa
A rendering of Nasa's nuclear reactor on the Moon. Photo: Nasa

Nasa set to build nuclear reactor on Moon by 2030


Sarwat Nasir
  • English
  • Arabic

Nasa is set to fast-track plans for the construction of a nuclear reactor on the Moon and to replace the International Space Station with one built by private industry.

The directives are expected to be announced soon by US Transportation Secretary Sean Duffy, who selected by President Donald Trump as Nasa’s interim administrator in July.

The space agency is undergoing major restructuring, with mass layoffs and budget cuts that will heavily impact its scientific programmes and place a greater focus on crewed exploration.

The push for an accelerated timeline is also a response to China and Russia’s plans for a lunar reactor, which was announced last year as part of their joint International Lunar Research Station, to be launched in 2033.

“While solar power systems have limitations on the Moon, a nuclear reactor could be placed in permanently shadowed areas, where there may be water ice, or generate power continuously during lunar nights, which are 14-and-a-half Earth days long,” Nasa said in a statement last year.

Four astronauts who will fly around the Moon for Nasa's Artemis II mission in 2026. Photo: Reuters
Four astronauts who will fly around the Moon for Nasa's Artemis II mission in 2026. Photo: Reuters

Powering future missions

A nuclear reactor would give Nasa a reliable power source for future missions to the Moon and Mars, where sunlight is limited by long nights and dust storms.

It would help keep astronauts alive, run habitats and support scientific work in those harsh environments.

The agency plans to return humans to the Moon under its Artemis programme and eventually crews to Mars from there.

Nasa has been working on plans for a lunar reactor since 2008 when the Fission Surface Power project was announced. Technical challenges, limited funding and a changing political landscape have brought many delays.

The agency still does not have a confirmed leader. Mr Duffy, who has no background in space exploration, was appointed after the White House abruptly withdrew its nomination of billionaire Jared Isaacman.

What is the timeline?

In one of his directives, Mr Duffy is expected to order Nasa to select a contractor within 60 days to lead the design and construction of a 100-kilowatt nuclear fission reactor that could be deployed on the Moon by 2030.

The memo, which has been seen by The National, warns that if China or Russia were to deploy a nuclear system first, they could potentially establish territorial restrictions around it, creating geopolitical challenges for US activities on the Moon.

A second directive aims to speed up the replacement of the ISS with at least two privately-operated space stations.

The goal is to have them ready by the time the station is decommissioned in 2030.

Nasa has been working with companies such as Axiom Space, Blue Origin and Starlab to develop low-Earth orbit destinations, but Mr Duffy’s directive reshapes how the contracts are managed and paid for.

Once the ISS is retired, China’s Tiangong will become the only station in low-Earth orbit.

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Micro-retirement is not a recognised concept or employment status under Federal Decree Law No. 33 of 2021 on the Regulation of Labour Relations (as amended) (UAE Labour Law). As such, it reflects a voluntary work-life balance practice, rather than a recognised legal employment category, according to Dilini Loku, senior associate for law firm Gateley Middle East.

“Some companies may offer formal sabbatical policies or career break programmes; however, beyond such arrangements, there is no automatic right or statutory entitlement to extended breaks,” she explains.

“Any leave taken beyond statutory entitlements, such as annual leave, is typically regarded as unpaid leave in accordance with Article 33 of the UAE Labour Law. While employees may legally take unpaid leave, such requests are subject to the employer’s discretion and require approval.”

If an employee resigns to pursue micro-retirement, the employment contract is terminated, and the employer is under no legal obligation to rehire the employee in the future unless specific contractual agreements are in place (such as return-to-work arrangements), which are generally uncommon, Ms Loku adds.

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Milestones on the road to union

1970

October 26: Bahrain withdraws from a proposal to create a federation of nine with the seven Trucial States and Qatar. 

December: Ahmed Al Suwaidi visits New York to discuss potential UN membership.

1971

March 1:  Alex Douglas Hume, Conservative foreign secretary confirms that Britain will leave the Gulf and “strongly supports” the creation of a Union of Arab Emirates.

July 12: Historic meeting at which Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid make a binding agreement to create what will become the UAE.

July 18: It is announced that the UAE will be formed from six emirates, with a proposed constitution signed. RAK is not yet part of the agreement.

August 6:  The fifth anniversary of Sheikh Zayed becoming Ruler of Abu Dhabi, with official celebrations deferred until later in the year.

August 15: Bahrain becomes independent.

September 3: Qatar becomes independent.

November 23-25: Meeting with Sheikh Zayed and Sheikh Rashid and senior British officials to fix December 2 as date of creation of the UAE.

November 29:  At 5.30pm Iranian forces seize the Greater and Lesser Tunbs by force.

November 30: Despite  a power sharing agreement, Tehran takes full control of Abu Musa. 

November 31: UK officials visit all six participating Emirates to formally end the Trucial States treaties

December 2: 11am, Dubai. New Supreme Council formally elects Sheikh Zayed as President. Treaty of Friendship signed with the UK. 11.30am. Flag raising ceremony at Union House and Al Manhal Palace in Abu Dhabi witnessed by Sheikh Khalifa, then Crown Prince of Abu Dhabi.

December 6: Arab League formally admits the UAE. The first British Ambassador presents his credentials to Sheikh Zayed.

December 9: UAE joins the United Nations.

Updated: August 06, 2025, 4:35 AM`