Explained: How does the world cut emissions without turning the lights off?


Daniel Bardsley
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  • Arabic

This week the UAE said it would go further to limit its greenhouse gas emissions.

Officials want the UAE’s 2030 emissions to be 31 per cent less than they would have been under a “business as usual” scenario.

This updated aim — up from a previous pledge of a 23.5 per cent cut — was detailed in the UAE’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), a figure nations submit to the UN as part of their Paris Agreement on climate change commitments.

Heavy investments in solar power and nuclear power are helping the UAE to reduce its dependence on emissions-generating fossil fuels in energy generation.

But what is happening globally when it comes to emissions? Here, we look at the key emissions and outline how nations are limiting their contribution to climate change.

What are greenhouse gases?

Greenhouse gases is a catch-all phrase to describe carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and some synthetic chemicals.

Most enter the air as substances are burnt. These gases trap some of the Earth's outgoing energy and retain heat in the atmosphere.

The reductions have to happen, not by bottoming out the economy, but producing energy in clean ways
Asher Minns,
Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research, University of East Anglia

In the past 150 years we've been producing a lot of these gases by burning fuel to power machines, homes and vehicles, and manufacturing billions of everyday goods. And we've really stepped it up in the past few decades.

This changes the radiative balance of the Earth — that's the careful balance between energy from the sun and emitted from Earth — and makes the planet hotter.

That in turn affects ocean temperatures, raises sea levels, disrupts wildlife and causes chaos with weather patterns.

Where do the gases come from?

Overall, 65 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions consist of carbon dioxide from fossil fuel burning and industrial processes, while 11 per cent is CO2 from forestry and other land uses.

A further 16 per cent is methane, 6 per cent is nitrous oxide and 2 per cent is fluorinated gases, Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change figures indicate.

The burning of fossil fuels to produce energy accounts for about 72 per cent of greenhouse gases globally, according to figures published by the Centre for Climate and Energy Solutions.

This includes electricity and heat generation (31 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions), transportation (17.2 per cent when shipping is included), manufacturing and construction (12.4 per cent), other fuel combustion (8.4 per cent) and fugitive emissions, such as leaks (5.2 per cent).

Animal and crop production in agriculture accounts for 11 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, while land use change and forestry, which includes the clearing and burning of forests for agriculture, is responsible for a further 6 per cent. Other industrial processes also account for 6 per cent, while waste is responsible for 3 per cent.

Within transportation, OurWorldinData reports that 45.1 per cent of emissions are from passenger road transport (including cars and buses), while road freight transport causes 29.4 per cent. Aviation emits 11.6 per cent of transport’s share of greenhouse gases (or about 2 per cent of all global emissions), while shipping accounts for 10.6 per cent of transport’s share and rail just 1 per cent.

How can emissions be reduced?

Germany's decision to axe all of its nuclear plants by 2022 in the wake of the Fukushima accident in Japan a decade ago is now seen as a huge mistake. It made Europe's most populous nation heavily reliant on coal-fired plants and Russian gas, which has since been cut off. EPA
Germany's decision to axe all of its nuclear plants by 2022 in the wake of the Fukushima accident in Japan a decade ago is now seen as a huge mistake. It made Europe's most populous nation heavily reliant on coal-fired plants and Russian gas, which has since been cut off. EPA

The United Nations says replacing coal, oil and gas-fired power stations with renewable energy, such as wind and solar, is “a key element” of cutting emissions.

Certain fossil fuels emit much greater quantities of greenhouse gases, so some governments are focusing on reducing or eliminating their use.

For example, coal accounts for about 14 per cent of US energy consumption from fossil fuels, yet is responsible for 21 per cent of US energy-related carbon dioxide emissions.

By contrast, natural gas accounts for about 41 per cent of the country’s energy consumption from fossil fuels, but is to blame for only 34 per cent of American energy-related carbon dioxide emissions, illustrating that it is a much lower emitter.

Petroleum is in the middle, accounting for both 46 per cent of US energy consumption from fossil fuels and 46 per cent of the country’s energy-related carbon dioxide emissions.

There are ways to make fossil fuels less carbon intensive and more efficient, as outlined here.

How the UK ditched dirty coal

The UK is among the leaders when it comes to reducing emissions, in large part thanks to its move away from coal. Around a decade ago, coal provided about 40 per cent of the UK’s electricity supply, according to government figures, but by last year that had fallen to 1.8 per cent.

Some big emitters, notably China, are building multiple new coal-fired power plants, although Beijing has pledged to reduce coal use in future.

Renewable energy sources account for a greater share of global electricity generation, with the figure increasing from 27 per cent in 2019 to 29 per cent in 2020. Two thirds of the growth in renewables is set to come from wind and solar power.

As recently as a decade ago, the UK generated about 40 per cent of its electricity supply from burning coal. With heavy investment in renewables, that has fallen to less than 2 per cent today. AFP
As recently as a decade ago, the UK generated about 40 per cent of its electricity supply from burning coal. With heavy investment in renewables, that has fallen to less than 2 per cent today. AFP

The UAE has invested more than $40 billion in clean energy, including renewables and nuclear, notably through vast expansion in solar power capacity and the building of the four-reactor Barakah Nuclear Power Plant.

As noted, transport accounts for about 17.2 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions, so transitioning to electric vehicles powered by electricity generated by renewables “would play a huge role” in lowering global emissions, according to the UN.

The EU recently gave the green light to a 2035 ban on the sale of vehicles with combustion engines, with limited exceptions. California recently made a similar decision, a move observers expect other US states to follow.

Are countries doing enough to reduce their emissions?

The aim of the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change was to limit global temperature rises by the end of the century to 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels or, failing that, to 2°C.

There is no realistic prospect of 1.5°C being kept to, while analysis by Carbon Brief, a UK climate and energy website, suggests 2°C will be breached around 2043.

The UAE is among the countries to have pledged to reach net zero by 2050, although some major economies like China have a 2060 target.

According to Asher Minns, executive director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia in the UK, many nations are not moving fast enough to meet their commitments.

'Alice', the world's first all electric passenger plane built by Eviation Aircraft, in Arlington, Washington state. If such aircraft can be scaled up, they could slash emissions in the aviation industry. Getty Images
'Alice', the world's first all electric passenger plane built by Eviation Aircraft, in Arlington, Washington state. If such aircraft can be scaled up, they could slash emissions in the aviation industry. Getty Images

“NDCs shouldn’t be aspirations, they should be actual targets,” he said. “I’m not sure any country is actually delivering on its NDC. Some are trying harder than others.”

Indeed he said global carbon emissions have largely rebounded upwards after falling as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Last year’s global energy-related carbon dioxide emissions were 36.3 billion tonnes, their highest ever level, according to the International Energy Agency, with an increase in coal burning largely to blame.

Nonetheless, Mr Minns added that “lots of economies have reduced their carbon emissions”, proving that the emissions curve can be turned downwards if efforts are made.

“The reductions have to happen, not by bottoming out the economy, but producing energy in clean ways,” he said. “We have the technology, it just needs investment. That’s what people want to see.”

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SPECS
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Polarised public

31% in UK say BBC is biased to left-wing views

19% in UK say BBC is biased to right-wing views

19% in UK say BBC is not biased at all

Source: YouGov

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The specs: 2018 Kia Picanto

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COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Kumulus Water
 
Started: 2021
 
Founders: Iheb Triki and Mohamed Ali Abid
 
Based: Tunisia 
 
Sector: Water technology 
 
Number of staff: 22 
 
Investment raised: $4 million 
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One in nine do not have enough to eat

Created in 1961, the World Food Programme is pledged to fight hunger worldwide as well as providing emergency food assistance in a crisis.

One of the organisation’s goals is the Zero Hunger Pledge, adopted by the international community in 2015 as one of the 17 Sustainable Goals for Sustainable Development, to end world hunger by 2030.

The WFP, a branch of the United Nations, is funded by voluntary donations from governments, businesses and private donations.

Almost two thirds of its operations currently take place in conflict zones, where it is calculated that people are more than three times likely to suffer from malnutrition than in peaceful countries.

It is currently estimated that one in nine people globally do not have enough to eat.

On any one day, the WFP estimates that it has 5,000 lorries, 20 ships and 70 aircraft on the move.

Outside emergencies, the WFP provides school meals to up to 25 million children in 63 countries, while working with communities to improve nutrition. Where possible, it buys supplies from developing countries to cut down transport cost and boost local economies.

 

KEY DEVELOPMENTS IN MARITIME DISPUTE

2000: Israel withdraws from Lebanon after nearly 30 years without an officially demarcated border. The UN establishes the Blue Line to act as the frontier.

2007: Lebanon and Cyprus define their respective exclusive economic zones to facilitate oil and gas exploration. Israel uses this to define its EEZ with Cyprus

2011: Lebanon disputes Israeli-proposed line and submits documents to UN showing different EEZ. Cyprus offers to mediate without much progress.

2018: Lebanon signs first offshore oil and gas licencing deal with consortium of France’s Total, Italy’s Eni and Russia’s Novatek.

2018-2019: US seeks to mediate between Israel and Lebanon to prevent clashes over oil and gas resources.

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UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
AGL AWARDS

Golden Ball - best Emirati player: Khalfan Mubarak (Al Jazira)
Golden Ball - best foreign player: Igor Coronado (Sharjah)
Golden Glove - best goalkeeper: Adel Al Hosani (Sharjah)
Best Coach - the leader: Abdulaziz Al Anbari (Sharjah)
Fans' Player of the Year: Driss Fetouhi (Dibba)
Golden Boy - best young player: Ali Saleh (Al Wasl)
Best Fans of the Year: Sharjah
Goal of the Year: Michael Ortega (Baniyas)

Who has lived at The Bishops Avenue?
  • George Sainsbury of the supermarket dynasty, sugar magnate William Park Lyle and actress Dame Gracie Fields were residents in the 1930s when the street was only known as ‘Millionaires’ Row’.
  • Then came the international super rich, including the last king of Greece, Constantine II, the Sultan of Brunei and Indian steel magnate Lakshmi Mittal who was at one point ranked the third richest person in the world.
  • Turkish tycoon Halis Torprak sold his mansion for £50m in 2008 after spending just two days there. The House of Saud sold 10 properties on the road in 2013 for almost £80m.
  • Other residents have included Iraqi businessman Nemir Kirdar, singer Ariana Grande, holiday camp impresario Sir Billy Butlin, businessman Asil Nadir, Paul McCartney’s former wife Heather Mills. 
Hunting park to luxury living
  • Land was originally the Bishop of London's hunting park, hence the name
  • The road was laid out in the mid 19th Century, meandering through woodland and farmland
  • Its earliest houses at the turn of the 20th Century were substantial detached properties with extensive grounds

 

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
The candidates

Dr Ayham Ammora, scientist and business executive

Ali Azeem, business leader

Tony Booth, professor of education

Lord Browne, former BP chief executive

Dr Mohamed El-Erian, economist

Professor Wyn Evans, astrophysicist

Dr Mark Mann, scientist

Gina MIller, anti-Brexit campaigner

Lord Smith, former Cabinet minister

Sandi Toksvig, broadcaster

 

Winners

Ballon d’Or (Men’s)
Ousmane Dembélé (Paris Saint-Germain / France)

Ballon d’Or Féminin (Women’s)
Aitana Bonmatí (Barcelona / Spain)

Kopa Trophy (Best player under 21 – Men’s)
Lamine Yamal (Barcelona / Spain)

Best Young Women’s Player
Vicky López (Barcelona / Spain)

Yashin Trophy (Best Goalkeeper – Men’s)
Gianluigi Donnarumma (Paris Saint-Germain and Manchester City / Italy)

Best Women’s Goalkeeper
Hannah Hampton (England / Aston Villa and Chelsea)

Men’s Coach of the Year
Luis Enrique (Paris Saint-Germain)

Women’s Coach of the Year
Sarina Wiegman (England)

Springsteen: Deliver Me from Nowhere

Director: Scott Cooper

Starring: Jeremy Allen White, Odessa Young, Jeremy Strong

Rating: 4/5

UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
In Praise of Zayed

A thousand grains of Sand whirl in the sky
To mark the journey of one passer-by
If then a Cavalcade disturbs the scene,
Shall such grains sing before they start to fly?

What man of Honour, and to Honour bred
Will fear to go wherever Truth has led?
For though a Thousand urge him to retreat
He'll laugh, until such counsellors have fled.

Stands always One, defiant and alone
Against the Many, when all Hope has flown.
Then comes the Test; and only then the time
Of reckoning what each can call his own.

History will not forget: that one small Seed
Sufficed to tip the Scales in time of need.
More than a debt, the Emirates owe to Zayed
Their very Souls, from outside influence freed.
No praise from Roderic can increase his Fame.
Steadfastness was the Essence of his name.
The changing years grow Gardens in the Sand
And build new Roads to Sand which stays the same.
But Hearts are not rebuilt, nor Seed resown.
What was, remains, essentially Alone.
Until the Golden Messenger, all-wise,
Calls out: "Come now, my Friend!" - and All is known

- Roderic Fenwick Owen

Tips to stay safe during hot weather
  • Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially water. Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can increase dehydration.
  • Seek cool environments: Use air conditioning, fans, or visit community spaces with climate control.
  • Limit outdoor activities: Avoid strenuous activity during peak heat. If outside, seek shade and wear a wide-brimmed hat.
  • Dress appropriately: Wear lightweight, loose and light-coloured clothing to facilitate heat loss.
  • Check on vulnerable people: Regularly check in on elderly neighbours, young children and those with health conditions.
  • Home adaptations: Use blinds or curtains to block sunlight, avoid using ovens or stoves, and ventilate living spaces during cooler hours.
  • Recognise heat illness: Learn the signs of heat exhaustion and heat stroke (dizziness, confusion, rapid pulse, nausea), and seek medical attention if symptoms occur.
MATCH INFO

AC Milan v Inter, Sunday, 6pm (UAE), match live on BeIN Sports

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Sole survivors
  • Cecelia Crocker was on board Northwest Airlines Flight 255 in 1987 when it crashed in Detroit, killing 154 people, including her parents and brother. The plane had hit a light pole on take off
  • George Lamson Jr, from Minnesota, was on a Galaxy Airlines flight that crashed in Reno in 1985, killing 68 people. His entire seat was launched out of the plane
  • Bahia Bakari, then 12, survived when a Yemenia Airways flight crashed near the Comoros in 2009, killing 152. She was found clinging to wreckage after floating in the ocean for 13 hours.
  • Jim Polehinke was the co-pilot and sole survivor of a 2006 Comair flight that crashed in Lexington, Kentucky, killing 49.
Our family matters legal consultant

Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais

Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.

Tell-tale signs of burnout

- loss of confidence and appetite

- irritability and emotional outbursts

- sadness

- persistent physical ailments such as headaches, frequent infections and fatigue

- substance abuse, such as smoking or drinking more

- impaired judgement

- excessive and continuous worrying

- irregular sleep patterns

 

Tips to help overcome burnout

Acknowledge how you are feeling by listening to your warning signs. Set boundaries and learn to say ‘no’

Do activities that you want to do as well as things you have to do

Undertake at least 30 minutes of exercise per day. It releases an abundance of feel-good hormones

Find your form of relaxation and make time for it each day e.g. soothing music, reading or mindful meditation

Sleep and wake at the same time every day, even if your sleep pattern was disrupted. Without enough sleep condition such as stress, anxiety and depression can thrive.

Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.

Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.

Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.

“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.

Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.

From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.

Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.

BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.

Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.

Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.

“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.

Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.

“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.

“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”

The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”

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Emergency phone numbers in the UAE

Estijaba – 8001717 –  number to call to request coronavirus testing

Ministry of Health and Prevention – 80011111

Dubai Health Authority – 800342 – The number to book a free video or voice consultation with a doctor or connect to a local health centre

Emirates airline – 600555555

Etihad Airways – 600555666

Ambulance – 998

Knowledge and Human Development Authority – 8005432 ext. 4 for Covid-19 queries

Muslim Council of Elders condemns terrorism on religious sites

The Muslim Council of Elders has strongly condemned the criminal attacks on religious sites in Britain.

It firmly rejected “acts of terrorism, which constitute a flagrant violation of the sanctity of houses of worship”.

“Attacking places of worship is a form of terrorism and extremism that threatens peace and stability within societies,” it said.

The council also warned against the rise of hate speech, racism, extremism and Islamophobia. It urged the international community to join efforts to promote tolerance and peaceful coexistence.

'Skin'

Dir: Guy Nattiv

Starring: Jamie Bell, Danielle McDonald, Bill Camp, Vera Farmiga

Rating: 3.5/5 stars

Updated: September 14, 2022, 7:59 AM