Mohammed ElBaradei, the outgoing director general of the IAEA, says the gravest threat faced by the world is of an extremist group getting hold of nuclear weapons or materials. The agency's role is to prevent this from happening.
Mohammed ElBaradei, the outgoing director general of the IAEA, says the gravest threat faced by the world is of an extremist group getting hold of nuclear weapons or materials. The agency's role is toShow more

Nuclear policemen open doors



Earlier this year, in preparation for launching its civilian nuclear power programme, the UAE signed the UN's additional protocol on nuclear safeguards.

The move was far more than a matter of protocol. As the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) disclosed last week, threats to nuclear security may be rising. "The world changed dramatically after the atrocities of September 11, 2001. We have had to respond to the uncovering of a sophisticated covert network dealing in sensitive nuclear technology, which made it alarmingly easy to acquire nuclear weapons knowledge and technology," Mohammed ElBaradei, the outgoing director general of the agency, said in a speech.

"The gravest threat faced by the world is of an extremist group getting hold of nuclear weapons or materials." At a press briefing last week at the IAEA's headquarters in Vienna, Viacheslav Turkin, a nuclear security officer, outlined several of what he called worrying trends emerging from the latest data on illicit trafficking in nuclear materials compiled by the agency. "We are seeing the emergence of groups that specialise in nuclear trafficking," Mr Turkin said. "There appear to be more serious players in the market. We are seeing connections to terrorist groups."

Some incidents of unauthorised possession of radioactive materials involved enriched uranium, Mr Turkin said. Such material can be used either to fuel nuclear power plants or to make atomic bombs, and is at the heart of the long-running international dispute over Iran's nuclear programme. The recently updated data set, spanning a period from 1993 to last year, pointed to security vulnerabilities during the transportation of nuclear materials, problems with the storage and disposal, shortcomings in efforts to recover lost or stolen materials and in the detection of thefts and losses.

Contributing to the IAEA's illicit trafficking database, which enables the agency to identify nuclear security concerns with the aim of helping member states to address them, will now be among the UAE's nuclear safeguards responsibilities. But that is only the tip of the iceberg. Last week, the IAEA invited journalists to tour some of its safeguards facilities, providing insight into how the agency conducts nuclear inspections, and what it expects of member countries that have signed the additional protocol.

First stop, on the 9th floor of the IAEA's headquarters, was the satellite imagery room, where analysts with nuclear industry backgrounds pore over high-resolution photographs of nuclear facilities snapped from orbiting satellites. Karen Steinmaus, who heads the team, said a typical work assignment would be to check the specifications for a nuclear site provided by an IAEA member nation against the latest satellite imagery available from commercial sources. The analysts would look for new construction, connections such as pipes or roadways to installations outside the declared site's perimeter, steam rising from cooling towers, or even unusually full parking lots.

"We would be looking at all signs of site activity. Usually nuclear facilities are pretty remote, and one of the main ways to get there would be by car," Ms Steinmaus explained. Shadows might reveal construction equipment such as cranes that can be difficult to spot from above. The presence of unexplained containers could provide clues to undeclared activities inside unremarkable buildings. A building resembling an innocuous warehouse might house equipment for uranium enrichment, which could be linked to weapons development, Ms Steinmaus said.

The IAEA uses commercial and public rather than classified government image sources to preserve its independence. "For an emergency situation, we can call on one of our vendors to get an image by the next day," Ms Steinmaus said. On the 13th floor of the IAEA secretariat, Wolfgang Zahradnik oversees the training of the agency's nuclear facilities inspectors. "We want to make sure that if a container is sealed, it has not been opened," he said. But if unauthorised activity or seal tampering did take place, the agency would know about it, and in some cases would know exactly when the seal was opened.

For the most part, the IAEA deploys numbered metal seals that clip together in two parts. On the inside, each has been etched with a unique set of scratches that acts as a fingerprint. Seals of this type can be opened only by a special machine in the IAEA's seals laboratory, or by cutting the metal. In the past year, the IAEA has been introducing electronic seals with fibre-optic wiring. The units, about twice the size of a mobile phone, automatically record the times and dates when they are opened or closed and contain backup batteries to keep them functioning during power disruptions.

Seals of either type are often used to guarantee the uninterrupted operation of surveillance cameras placed by the IAEA at nuclear sites. Such cameras can be installed only with the consent of member countries, but the agency retains the sole right to decide when and how often its cameras will take pictures. "There are some countries we don't tell what we are doing," Mr Zahradnik said. Seven floors above the training laboratory, James Regula heads the unit that increasingly processes data sent electronically from surveillance cameras placed at nuclear sites around the world, reducing the need for site visits by inspectors.

The unit's information technology specialists also trouble-shoot from afar, performing tasks such as rebooting computers, coaxing cameras to transmit data, or changing the frequency with which pictures are snapped. The IAEA has been developing remote monitoring systems for the past 12 years, but they were consolidated within Mr Regula's unit only a year ago. His team of engineers and programmers have plenty of work ahead to wire more cameras to the remote monitoring network (currently only about 400 out of more than 1,000 are connected) and to customise computer applications for automated surveillance. But often the main obstacles are political rather than technical.

"We'd like to get all our cameras connected. We have the capacity and we're ready to do it. Now, it's a matter of negotiating with the member states," Mr Regula said. "Member states may be worried about the security of the data. It's unfortunate, because this is safer than hand-carrying removable media through an airport." The IAEA uses virtual private network technology, which employs encryption to keep authenticated data secure over the internet. Mr Regula likened this to creating a heavily protected tunnel for data to pass safely through the public network.

"We have to be very careful about authentication," he said. "Authentication is a key concept for [nuclear] safeguards." Countries that sign the additional protocol agree to remote monitoring of their nuclear sites. The IAEA is responsible for co-ordinating emergency responses to nuclear or radiological incidents, and has a team on call around the clock for this purpose. Only 14 people work at the agency's incident and emergency centre (IEC), but they can call on more than 100 other nuclear specialists at the IAEA and many more within member states.

According to the IEC's head, Warren Stern, the centre's day-to-day duties include providing training in emergency response to member countries. Once or twice a year it conducts drills involving simulated nuclear emergencies. The UAE is among many states that have undergone such training. "We encourage new nuclear countries to ask for a nuclear preparedness review. We identify gaps and prepare action plans for filling the gaps," Mr Stern said.

Seibersdorf, on the outskirts of the Austrian capital, is the location of the IAEA's "clean laboratory", its main facility for analysing samples of materials collected from declared or suspected nuclear sites. For logistical reasons, journalists were not invited to tour the facility last week. But its main function, according to the IAEA, is "to verify that material under agency safeguards is not diverted for non-peaceful purposes".

After international concerns about Iraq's nuclear capabilities emerged earlier this decade, the mandate of the IAEA's safeguards inspectorate was extended to encompass the search for undeclared nuclear activities and, just as importantly, the confirmation of their absence. The laboratory therefore analyses samples and smears collected at nuclear facilities to check that their use is in line with the member countries' declarations. It also uses ultra-sensitive techniques to analyse samples of water, soil and vegetation for traces of radioactivity, allowing the IAEA's technical staff to track the origin of any material detected.

Even with such facilities in place, the IAEA felt more should be done to enhance global nuclear security. It suggested the formation of a new international organisation as a forum for nuclear security professionals to interact. Last year, the Vienna-based World Institute for Nuclear Security (WINS) was launched with funding from a private US foundation and the governments of Canada, Norway and the US.

Roger Howsley, the executive director of the organisation, told reporters last week: "The gap WINS fills is that nuclear security remains something that people do because the regulators require it, not because it's a core belief and value. The goal is to get nuclear security to the same level as nuclear safety." Operational safety at nuclear facilities was greatly improved after the Chernobyl disaster of 1986, but in some parts of the world, security has lagged, Mr Howsley said. "Security is not uniformly good."

Dr ElBaradei, sharing those concerns, said last week that 25 member states without nuclear weapons still had no comprehensive safeguards agreements in force, and another 73 had not signed the IAEA's additional protocols. "For these countries, our ability to detect undeclared activities is severely limited," he said. tcarlisle@thenational.ae

How to watch Ireland v Pakistan in UAE

When: The one-off Test starts on Friday, May 11
What time: Each day’s play is scheduled to start at 2pm UAE time.
TV: The match will be broadcast on OSN Sports Cricket HD. Subscribers to the channel can also stream the action live on OSN Play.

JAPANESE GRAND PRIX INFO

Schedule (All times UAE)
First practice: Friday, 5-6.30am
Second practice: Friday, 9-10.30am
Third practice: Saturday, 7-8am
Qualifying: Saturday, 10-11am
Race: Sunday, 9am-midday 

Race venue: Suzuka International Racing Course
Circuit Length: 5.807km
Number of Laps: 53
Watch live: beIN Sports HD

Key facilities
  • Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
  • Premier League-standard football pitch
  • 400m Olympic running track
  • NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
  • 600-seat auditorium
  • Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
  • An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
  • Specialist robotics and science laboratories
  • AR and VR-enabled learning centres
  • Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
Specs
Engine: Electric motor generating 54.2kWh (Cooper SE and Aceman SE), 64.6kW (Countryman All4 SE)
Power: 218hp (Cooper and Aceman), 313hp (Countryman)
Torque: 330Nm (Cooper and Aceman), 494Nm (Countryman)
On sale: Now
Price: From Dh158,000 (Cooper), Dh168,000 (Aceman), Dh190,000 (Countryman)
About Proto21

Date started: May 2018
Founder: Pir Arkam
Based: Dubai
Sector: Additive manufacturing (aka, 3D printing)
Staff: 18
Funding: Invested, supported and partnered by Joseph Group

Company profile

Name: Fruitful Day

Founders: Marie-Christine Luijckx, Lyla Dalal AlRawi, Lindsey Fournie

Based: Dubai, UAE

Founded: 2015

Number of employees: 30

Sector: F&B

Funding so far: Dh3 million

Future funding plans: None at present

Future markets: Saudi Arabia, potentially Kuwait and other GCC countries

NO OTHER LAND

Director: Basel Adra, Yuval Abraham, Rachel Szor, Hamdan Ballal

Stars: Basel Adra, Yuval Abraham

Rating: 3.5/5

Greatest of All Time
Starring: Vijay, Sneha, Prashanth, Prabhu Deva, Mohan
Director: Venkat Prabhu
Rating: 2/5
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: Kumulus Water
 
Started: 2021
 
Founders: Iheb Triki and Mohamed Ali Abid
 
Based: Tunisia 
 
Sector: Water technology 
 
Number of staff: 22 
 
Investment raised: $4 million 
Banned items
Dubai Police has also issued a list of banned items at the ground on Sunday. These include:
  • Drones
  • Animals
  • Fireworks/ flares
  • Radios or power banks
  • Laser pointers
  • Glass
  • Selfie sticks/ umbrellas
  • Sharp objects
  • Political flags or banners
  • Bikes, skateboards or scooters
UAE%20Warriors%2045%20Results
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3E%0DMain%20Event%0D%3A%20Lightweight%20Title%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EAmru%20Magomedov%20def%20Jakhongir%20Jumaev%20-%20Round%201%20(submission)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ECo-Main%20Event%0D%3A%20Bantamweight%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3ERany%20Saadeh%20def%20Genil%20Franciso%20-%20Round%202%20(submission)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ECatchweight%20150%20lbs%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EWalter%20Cogliandro%20def%20Ali%20Al%20Qaisi%20-%20Round%201%20(TKO)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBantamweight%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3ERenat%20Khavalov%20def%20Hikaru%20Yoshino%20-%20Round%202%20(TKO)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFlyweight%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EVictor%20Nunes%20def%20Nawras%20Abzakh%20-%20Round%201%20(TKO)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFlyweight%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EYamato%20Fujita%20def%20Sanzhar%20Adilov%20-%20Round%201%20(submission)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ELightweight%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EAbdullo%20Khodzhaev%20def%20Petru%20Buzdugen%20-%20Round%201%20(TKO)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ECatchweight%20139%20lbs%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3ERazhabali%20Shaydullaev%20def%20Magomed%20Al-Abdullah%20-%20Round%202%20(submission)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFlyweight%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3ECong%20Wang%20def%20Amena%20Hadaya%20-%20Points%20(unanimous%20decision)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EMiddleweight%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EKhabib%20Nabiev%20def%20Adis%20Taalaybek%20Uulu%20-%20Round%202%20(submission)%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ELight%20Heavyweight%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EBartosz%20Szewczyk%20def%20Artem%20Zemlyakov%20-%20Round%202%20(TKO)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Test

Director: S Sashikanth

Cast: Nayanthara, Siddharth, Meera Jasmine, R Madhavan

Star rating: 2/5

Formula Middle East Calendar (Formula Regional and Formula 4)
Round 1: January 17-19, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
 
Round 2: January 22-23, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
 
Round 3: February 7-9, Dubai Autodrome – Dubai
 
Round 4: February 14-16, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
 
Round 5: February 25-27, Jeddah Corniche Circuit – Saudi Arabia
The National's picks

4.35pm: Tilal Al Khalediah
5.10pm: Continous
5.45pm: Raging Torrent
6.20pm: West Acre
7pm: Flood Zone
7.40pm: Straight No Chaser
8.15pm: Romantic Warrior
8.50pm: Calandogan
9.30pm: Forever Young

UPI facts

More than 2.2 million Indian tourists arrived in UAE in 2023
More than 3.5 million Indians reside in UAE
Indian tourists can make purchases in UAE using rupee accounts in India through QR-code-based UPI real-time payment systems
Indian residents in UAE can use their non-resident NRO and NRE accounts held in Indian banks linked to a UAE mobile number for UPI transactions

The specs

Engine: Four electric motors, one at each wheel

Power: 579hp

Torque: 859Nm

Transmission: Single-speed automatic

Price: From Dh825,900

On sale: Now

Paatal Lok season two

Directors: Avinash Arun, Prosit Roy 

Stars: Jaideep Ahlawat, Ishwak Singh, Lc Sekhose, Merenla Imsong

Rating: 4.5/5

Skewed figures

In the village of Mevagissey in southwest England the housing stock has doubled in the last century while the number of residents is half the historic high. The village's Neighbourhood Development Plan states that 26% of homes are holiday retreats. Prices are high, averaging around £300,000, £50,000 more than the Cornish average of £250,000. The local average wage is £15,458. 

COMPANY PROFILE

Company: Bidzi

● Started: 2024

● Founders: Akshay Dosaj and Asif Rashid

● Based: Dubai, UAE

● Industry: M&A

● Funding size: Bootstrapped

● No of employees: Nine

COMPANY%20PROFILE%20
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HAJJAN
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Friday's schedule at the Etihad Airways Abu Dhabi Grand Prix

GP3 qualifying, 10:15am

Formula 2, practice 11:30am

Formula 1, first practice, 1pm

GP3 qualifying session, 3.10pm

Formula 1 second practice, 5pm

Formula 2 qualifying, 7pm

WITHIN%20SAND
%3Cp%3EDirector%3A%20Moe%20Alatawi%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EStarring%3A%20Ra%E2%80%99ed%20Alshammari%2C%20Adwa%20Fahd%2C%20Muhand%20Alsaleh%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3ERating%3A%203%2F5%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
SPEC%20SHEET%3A%20NOTHING%20PHONE%20(2a)
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Specs

Engine: Dual-motor all-wheel-drive electric

Range: Up to 610km

Power: 905hp

Torque: 985Nm

Price: From Dh439,000

Available: Now

3%20Body%20Problem
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECreators%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20David%20Benioff%2C%20D%20B%20Weiss%2C%20Alexander%20Woo%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarring%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EBenedict%20Wong%2C%20Jess%20Hong%2C%20Jovan%20Adepo%2C%20Eiza%20Gonzalez%2C%20John%20Bradley%2C%20Alex%20Sharp%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ERating%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%203%2F5%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Rebel%20Moon%20%E2%80%93%20Part%20Two%3A%20The%20Scargiver%20review%20
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDirector%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Zack%20Snyder%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarring%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Sofia%20Boutella%2C%20Charlie%20Hunnam%2C%20Ed%20Skrein%2C%20Sir%20Anthony%20Hopkins%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ERating%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%202%2F5%3Cbr%3E%3Cbr%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Real estate tokenisation project

Dubai launched the pilot phase of its real estate tokenisation project last month.

The initiative focuses on converting real estate assets into digital tokens recorded on blockchain technology and helps in streamlining the process of buying, selling and investing, the Dubai Land Department said.

Dubai’s real estate tokenisation market is projected to reach Dh60 billion ($16.33 billion) by 2033, representing 7 per cent of the emirate’s total property transactions, according to the DLD.

Biography

Favourite Meal: Chicken Caesar salad

Hobbies: Travelling, going to the gym

Inspiration: Father, who was a captain in the UAE army

Favourite read: Rich Dad Poor Dad by Robert Kiyosaki and Sharon Lechter

Favourite film: The Founder, about the establishment of McDonald's

Fund-raising tips for start-ups

Develop an innovative business concept

Have the ability to differentiate yourself from competitors

Put in place a business continuity plan after Covid-19

Prepare for the worst-case scenario (further lockdowns, long wait for a vaccine, etc.) 

Have enough cash to stay afloat for the next 12 to 18 months

Be creative and innovative to reduce expenses

Be prepared to use Covid-19 as an opportunity for your business

* Tips from Jassim Al Marzooqi and Walid Hanna

SPECS

Engine: Two-litre four-cylinder turbo
Power: 235hp
Torque: 350Nm
Transmission: Nine-speed automatic
Price: From Dh167,500 ($45,000)
On sale: Now

The Bio

Favourite vegetable: “I really like the taste of the beetroot, the potatoes and the eggplant we are producing.”

Holiday destination: “I like Paris very much, it’s a city very close to my heart.”

Book: “Das Kapital, by Karl Marx. I am not a communist, but there are a lot of lessons for the capitalist system, if you let it get out of control, and humanity.”

Musician: “I like very much Fairuz, the Lebanese singer, and the other is Umm Kulthum. Fairuz is for listening to in the morning, Umm Kulthum for the night.”

Honeymoonish
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EDirector%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%20Elie%20El%20Samaan%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarring%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ENour%20Al%20Ghandour%2C%20Mahmoud%20Boushahri%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ERating%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%203%2F5%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The smuggler

Eldarir had arrived at JFK in January 2020 with three suitcases, containing goods he valued at $300, when he was directed to a search area.
Officers found 41 gold artefacts among the bags, including amulets from a funerary set which prepared the deceased for the afterlife.
Also found was a cartouche of a Ptolemaic king on a relief that was originally part of a royal building or temple. 
The largest single group of items found in Eldarir’s cases were 400 shabtis, or figurines.

Khouli conviction

Khouli smuggled items into the US by making false declarations to customs about the country of origin and value of the items.
According to Immigration and Customs Enforcement, he provided “false provenances which stated that [two] Egyptian antiquities were part of a collection assembled by Khouli's father in Israel in the 1960s” when in fact “Khouli acquired the Egyptian antiquities from other dealers”.
He was sentenced to one year of probation, six months of home confinement and 200 hours of community service in 2012 after admitting buying and smuggling Egyptian antiquities, including coffins, funerary boats and limestone figures.

For sale

A number of other items said to come from the collection of Ezeldeen Taha Eldarir are currently or recently for sale.
Their provenance is described in near identical terms as the British Museum shabti: bought from Salahaddin Sirmali, "authenticated and appraised" by Hossen Rashed, then imported to the US in 1948.

- An Egyptian Mummy mask dating from 700BC-30BC, is on offer for £11,807 ($15,275) online by a seller in Mexico

- A coffin lid dating back to 664BC-332BC was offered for sale by a Colorado-based art dealer, with a starting price of $65,000

- A shabti that was on sale through a Chicago-based coin dealer, dating from 1567BC-1085BC, is up for $1,950

Fixtures and results:

Wed, Aug 29:

  • Malaysia bt Hong Kong by 3 wickets
  • Oman bt Nepal by 7 wickets
  • UAE bt Singapore by 215 runs

Thu, Aug 30: UAE v Nepal; Hong Kong v Singapore; Malaysia v Oman

Sat, Sep 1: UAE v Hong Kong; Oman v Singapore; Malaysia v Nepal

Sun, Sep 2: Hong Kong v Oman; Malaysia v UAE; Nepal v Singapore

Tue, Sep 4: Malaysia v Singapore; UAE v Oman; Nepal v Hong Kong

Thu, Sep 6: Final

 

 

 

EA Sports FC 25
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Living in...

This article is part of a guide on where to live in the UAE. Our reporters will profile some of the country’s most desirable districts, provide an estimate of rental prices and introduce you to some of the residents who call each area home.

LUKA CHUPPI

Director: Laxman Utekar

Producer: Maddock Films, Jio Cinema

Cast: Kartik Aaryan, Kriti Sanon​​​​​​​, Pankaj Tripathi, Vinay Pathak, Aparshakti Khurana

Rating: 3/5