Trading volumes on the Abu Dhabi Securities Exchange (ADX) and the Dubai Financial Market (DFM) are at an all-time low. Companies' valuations are suffering. Stock brokerage houses are wringing their metaphorical hands. Aabar has decided to go private. Initial public offerings (IPOs) expected to return this year are yet to occur: the announced IPO of Axiom Telecom is a major test. If we wait longer, there will be no one around to celebrate if the rumoured merger between the ADX and the DFM/NASDAQ-Dubai comes off.
Is the problem restricted to the UAE and the Middle East? It appears so. Western markets are doing fine, while Hong Kong is booming and attracting new issuers every other week. Singapore has captured numerous pools of liquidity during the financial crisis; pools that were no longer comfortable in tax havens or old Europe or those that are being created in Asia, South America and in the Middle East. Unfortunately, the Gulf states are attracting only a small portion of this flow and when they do capture some of it, it is reinvested somewhere else.
The problem is, however, common to the MENA region at large and for both private and publicly listed companies. Over the past three years, investors' profiles have changed. Large investors (family offices, institutions or fund managers) have in general a shorter investment time horizon than before but, more importantly, need the ability to arbitrage their positions on a regular basis. This is also true for investors in private companies or private equity who are looking at a two to three-year exit horizon rather than five to seven years previously.
Small investors are more likely to invest via third parties' investment vehicles, especially those with downside protection and/or index tracking. Day traders will shy away from stocks where lack of liquidity is apparent. Foreign ownership limits remain a leading cause of lack of liquidity and transactions for both listed and private companies: foreign investors cannot track the index performance of the UAE as they are not allowed to own shares in the largest market capitalisation of the country, Etisalat.
Ad hoc solutions (swaps), which certain investors are considering to invest in Saudi Arabia, do not provide satisfaction today. For private companies in Algeria, following the imposition of a 49 per cent foreign ownership ceiling last year on all new companies to be set up or purchased, a large number of projects are stalled or have been abandoned, including those sponsored by UAE entities. There are several solutions that can be implemented rapidly to restore market liquidity for listed stocks in the Middle East.
One way would be to insert a Golden Share, a nominal share that is able to outvote all other shares in certain specified circumstances, for certain sensitive stocks, which should remain in the hands of a particular emirate or a particular family. The characteristics of the Golden Share must be precisely crafted to avoid legal challenge (as was just the case between Telefonica and the state of Portugal where the latter wants to block the company's takeover of a Brazilian subsidiary of Portugal Telecom, despite the approval of 74 per cent of Portugal Telecom shareholders in favour of the transaction).
The Golden Share mechanism was successfully applied in 2006 against a Dubai-based fund trying to buy a 20 per cent stake in the Greek-listed former state telecommunications monopoly operator OTE. The Golden Share may be customised to get investors comfortable about its application; it could have a limited lifespan, or not be applicable in certain cases (for example if a takeover premium is larger than a specified percentage).
In the case of government-owned or controlled stocks, in addition to inserting a Golden Share, the lifting of the foreign ownership limit can be gradual (parallel to the government ownership reduction in the stock so as to best monitor the stock liquidity and volatility). A fraction of the proceeds captured through this sales process can then be kept aside to be used to buy back shares at a discount of a particular stock in case foreign and/or local investors decided to off-load the stock at a pace that the government judged inadequate for the market.
Another option corresponds to the set-up of multiple voting shares for certain stocks, or the setting up of both a management company and an investment company, similar to the French legal corporate mechanism of "societe en commandite par actions", used by Lagardere and Michelin and which has successfully helped kept corporate empires in the hands of the founding families. A third option is to list investment certificates for a company: that corresponds to the economic value of a share and captures the whole dividend, without any voting right attached. There is thus no need to impose ownership limits on the investment certificate.
The issuer can decide to retain the voting rights and/or to list them separately. Depending upon the situation, the issuer can directly list investment certificates or the controlling shareholder could issue investment certificates giving rise to the economic rights of the underlying stock that the shareholder would retain. For large market capitalisations, trading of the investment certificates should enable a re-rating of the whole stock, as removing the current illiquidity discount increases the value more than the value attributed to the voting right (especially for an entity perceived as not available for a friendly or hostile takeover).
The listing of investment certificates could take place in the UAE or for large capitalisations on the London Stock Exchange, Hong Kong Stock Exchange or equivalent. Investment certificates have been used successfully in the past by governments looking to privatise assets and share the wealth with their population while achieving internationally benchmarked market value for their assets.
Alex Carre de Malberg is a senior adviser at The National Investor in Abu Dhabi
COMPANY%20PROFILE
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'Gold'
Director:Anthony Hayes
Stars:Zaf Efron, Anthony Hayes
Rating:3/5
Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.
Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.
“Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.
“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.
Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.
From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.
Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.
BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.
Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.
Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.
“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.
“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.
“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”
BEETLEJUICE BEETLEJUICE
Starring: Winona Ryder, Michael Keaton, Jenny Ortega
Director: Tim Burton
Rating: 3/5
Company%20profile
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Banned items
Dubai Police has also issued a list of banned items at the ground on Sunday. These include:
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Political flags or banners
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Bikes, skateboards or scooters
In numbers: PKK’s money network in Europe
Germany: PKK collectors typically bring in $18 million in cash a year – amount has trebled since 2010
Revolutionary tax: Investigators say about $2 million a year raised from ‘tax collection’ around Marseille
Extortion: Gunman convicted in 2023 of demanding $10,000 from Kurdish businessman in Stockholm
Drug trade: PKK income claimed by Turkish anti-drugs force in 2024 to be as high as $500 million a year
Denmark: PKK one of two terrorist groups along with Iranian separatists ASMLA to raise “two-digit million amounts”
Contributions: Hundreds of euros expected from typical Kurdish families and thousands from business owners
TV channel: Kurdish Roj TV accounts frozen and went bankrupt after Denmark fined it more than $1 million over PKK links in 2013
The National's picks
4.35pm: Tilal Al Khalediah
5.10pm: Continous
5.45pm: Raging Torrent
6.20pm: West Acre
7pm: Flood Zone
7.40pm: Straight No Chaser
8.15pm: Romantic Warrior
8.50pm: Calandogan
9.30pm: Forever Young
Our legal consultant
Name: Dr Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
What can you do?
Document everything immediately; including dates, times, locations and witnesses
Seek professional advice from a legal expert
You can report an incident to HR or an immediate supervisor
You can use the Ministry of Human Resources and Emiratisation’s dedicated hotline
In criminal cases, you can contact the police for additional support
MATCH INFO
What: India v Afghanistan, first Test
When: Starts Thursday
Where: M Chinnaswamy Stadium, Bengalaru
The rules on fostering in the UAE
A foster couple or family must:
- be Muslim, Emirati and be residing in the UAE
- not be younger than 25 years old
- not have been convicted of offences or crimes involving moral turpitude
- be free of infectious diseases or psychological and mental disorders
- have the ability to support its members and the foster child financially
- undertake to treat and raise the child in a proper manner and take care of his or her health and well-being
- A single, divorced or widowed Muslim Emirati female, residing in the UAE may apply to foster a child if she is at least 30 years old and able to support the child financially
At a glance
Global events: Much of the UK’s economic woes were blamed on “increased global uncertainty”, which can be interpreted as the economic impact of the Ukraine war and the uncertainty over Donald Trump’s tariffs.
Growth forecasts: Cut for 2025 from 2 per cent to 1 per cent. The OBR watchdog also estimated inflation will average 3.2 per cent this year
Welfare: Universal credit health element cut by 50 per cent and frozen for new claimants, building on cuts to the disability and incapacity bill set out earlier this month
Spending cuts: Overall day-to day-spending across government cut by £6.1bn in 2029-30
Tax evasion: Steps to crack down on tax evasion to raise “£6.5bn per year” for the public purse
Defence: New high-tech weaponry, upgrading HM Naval Base in Portsmouth
Housing: Housebuilding to reach its highest in 40 years, with planning reforms helping generate an extra £3.4bn for public finances
The specs
Engine: 3.0-litre six-cylinder turbo
Power: 398hp from 5,250rpm
Torque: 580Nm at 1,900-4,800rpm
Transmission: Eight-speed auto
Fuel economy, combined: 6.5L/100km
On sale: December
Price: From Dh330,000 (estimate)
2025 Fifa Club World Cup groups
Group A: Palmeiras, Porto, Al Ahly, Inter Miami.
Group B: Paris Saint-Germain, Atletico Madrid, Botafogo, Seattle.
Group C: Bayern Munich, Auckland City, Boca Juniors, Benfica.
Group D: Flamengo, ES Tunis, Chelsea, Leon.
Group E: River Plate, Urawa, Monterrey, Inter Milan.
Group F: Fluminense, Borussia Dortmund, Ulsan, Mamelodi Sundowns.
Group G: Manchester City, Wydad, Al Ain, Juventus.
Group H: Real Madrid, Al Hilal, Pachuca, Salzburg.
Honeymoonish
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The biog
Name: Salem Alkarbi
Age: 32
Favourite Al Wasl player: Alexandre Oliveira
First started supporting Al Wasl: 7
Biggest rival: Al Nasr
RESULT
Manchester United 1 Brighton and Hove Albion 0
Man United: Dunk (66' og)
Man of the Match: Shane Duffy (Brighton)
The White Lotus: Season three
Creator: Mike White
Starring: Walton Goggins, Jason Isaacs, Natasha Rothwell
Rating: 4.5/5
Specs
Engine: Electric motor generating 54.2kWh (Cooper SE and Aceman SE), 64.6kW (Countryman All4 SE)
Power: 218hp (Cooper and Aceman), 313hp (Countryman)
Torque: 330Nm (Cooper and Aceman), 494Nm (Countryman)
On sale: Now
Price: From Dh158,000 (Cooper), Dh168,000 (Aceman), Dh190,000 (Countryman)
COMPANY PROFILE
Initial investment: Undisclosed
Investment stage: Series A
Investors: Core42
Current number of staff: 47
2019 Asian Cup final
Japan v Qatar
Friday, 6pm
Zayed Sports City Stadium, Abu Dhabi
Election pledges on migration
CDU: "Now is the time to control the German borders and enforce strict border rejections"
SPD: "Border closures and blanket rejections at internal borders contradict the spirit of a common area of freedom"
NO OTHER LAND
Director: Basel Adra, Yuval Abraham, Rachel Szor, Hamdan Ballal
Stars: Basel Adra, Yuval Abraham
Rating: 3.5/5
Volvo ES90 Specs
Engine: Electric single motor (96kW), twin motor (106kW) and twin motor performance (106kW)
Power: 333hp, 449hp, 680hp
Torque: 480Nm, 670Nm, 870Nm
On sale: Later in 2025 or early 2026, depending on region
Price: Exact regional pricing TBA
Fixtures
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EWednesday%2C%20April%203%3C%2Fstrong%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EArsenal%20v%20Luton%20Town%2C%2010.30pm%20(UAE)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EManchester%20City%20v%20Aston%20Villa%2C%2011.15pm%20(UAE)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EThursday%2C%20April%204%3C%2Fstrong%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3ELiverpool%20v%20Sheffield%20United%2C%2010.30pm%20(UAE)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Signs%20of%20%20%20%20%20%20%20heat%20stroke
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