In the US’s Idaho National Laboratory, nuclear engineers listen with interest to progress updates on the UAE’s nuclear programme, while they work on innovative small modular reactors to be installed underground. And last week, the culmination of a thirteen-year journey, commercial electricity generation began at the Barakah nuclear power plant in Abu Dhabi’s Western Region.
The UAE has thus become the first Arab country to generate nuclear power. Its policy was announced in 2008 and construction began in 2012.
Although the project took longer than expected, this is not unusual for nuclear plants. For a country launching its first venture, avoiding major schedule and budget overruns has been impressive. Its agreement with the US is considered as a “gold standard” to prevent non-proliferation of weapons-related technologies. When fully operational, Barakah will save about 21 million tonnes of carbon dioxide emissions per year, more than 7 per cent of the national total.
Nuclear power generated more than 10 per cent of the world’s electricity in 2019. It was only recently overtaken by renewables as the largest low-carbon generation source after hydroelectricity. But it is not common that a new country enters the club: it requires a critical mass of electricity demand, finance, organisation and sustained commitment.
So, what is the future of nuclear power in the Middle East? In Europe and the US, nuclear generation has stagnated or declined, despite its importance in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Fukushima, for example, casts a long shadow in the public imagination, even though modern reactors will not experience similar problems.
Government indecision, public opposition, atrophying engineering experience and increasingly onerous safety standards impose long construction times and cost blowouts. This has combined with the ready availability of cheap natural gas and the sharp falls in the costs of renewable energy to make new nuclear build of traditional designs economically unviable.
The technology’s future thus seems to lie in the emerging world, especially China and India. Along with the UAE and Turkey, the new aspirant nuclear-powered countries are Belarus and Bangladesh. While 56 per cent of today’s nuclear power capacity is in North America and western Europe, the International Atomic Energy Agency forecasts this will fall to about 25 per cent by 2050.
The UAE’s Energy Strategy 2050, unveiled in 2017, implies that no new nuclear reactors will be added to the four in progress. However, with the regulatory infrastructure and trained people in place, the country has the option to do more if circumstances change.
Four other Middle Eastern countries have serious nuclear power programmes. Despite some past activity in Jordan, no other regional countries look likely to join them for a long time.
By contrast to the UAE, Iran slogged through a forty-year odyssey to complete its Bushehr reactor. Begun before the 1979 Revolution with German and French help, bombed by Iraqi warplanes, picked up with Russian involvement in 1995, it finally came online in 2011. Since then, it has had various operational problems.
Tehran has various plans for other nuclear power plants, but these do not look likely to progress much with the shortages of finance and difficulties in doing business caused by US sanctions over concerns that it is seeking to develop nuclear weapons. Nuclear power will anyway only represent a small fraction of the country’s overall generation.
Turkey is working with Russia’s state Rosatom on four reactors at Akkuyu on the southern littoral, intended to start up between 2023-26. And Rosatom was expected to begin construction of Egypt’s first power reactor, at El Dabaa on the north-west coast, in the second half of this year.
Saudi Arabia has held extensive discussions with firms from Russia, China, South Korea, France and the US on nuclear power. But it has not yet clearly defined its goals, looking at various options including large reactors, small modular reactors and nuclear-powered desalination, as well as local uranium mining. Crown prince Mohammed bin Salman’s recent comments on a fifty-fifty mix of gas and renewables by 2030 did not mention nuclear power.
Despite greater public acceptance and faster and cheaper construction, expanded nuclear power in this region faces similar challenges to elsewhere: it is large, inflexible and relatively expensive. The growth in ultra-cheap solar power will compete with nuclear in the middle of the day. As batteries fall in price, they could make a grid based on solar and nuclear more feasible by saving electricity for the early evening.
To extend its reach, nuclear power will have to become faster, cheaper and more versatile. Several advanced reactors are under development in the US, Japan, Russia, China, South Korea, France and elsewhere. They are designed to be inherently safe, proliferation-resistant, cost-effective and yield low waste.
Small modular reactors are designed to be built in factories to a standard plan, bringing down costs, and would be quicker and more flexible to install. Some can be used to power desalination. ADQ, which owns the Emirates Nuclear Energy Corporation and recently formed a joint venture with Adnoc and Mubadala, said it is looking into the possibility of producing hydrogen in this way.
The start-up of Barakah’s first reactor is almost the end of the first part of the journey. Whether nuclear power is part of the region’s future or just its present now depends on policymakers’ preferences and the industry’s ingenuity.
Robin M. Mills is CEO of Qamar Energy, and author of The Myth of the Oil Crisis
The specs
Engine: 2.7-litre 4-cylinder Turbomax
Power: 310hp
Torque: 583Nm
Transmission: 8-speed automatic
Price: From Dh192,500
On sale: Now
RACE CARD AND SELECTIONS
5pm: Maiden (PA) Dh80,000 1,200m
5,30pm: Wathba Stallions Cup Handicap (PA) Dh70,000 1,200m
6pm: The President’s Cup Listed (TB) Dh380,000 1,400m
6.30pm: The President’s Cup Group One (PA) Dh2,500,000 2,200m
7pm: Arabian Triple Crown Listed (PA) Dh230,000 1,600m
7.30pm: Handicap (PA) Dh80,000 1,400m
The National selections
5pm: RB Hot Spot
5.30pm: Dahess D’Arabie
6pm: Taamol
6.30pm: Rmmas
7pm: RB Seqondtonone
7.30pm: AF Mouthirah
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
How to apply for a drone permit
- Individuals must register on UAE Drone app or website using their UAE Pass
- Add all their personal details, including name, nationality, passport number, Emiratis ID, email and phone number
- Upload the training certificate from a centre accredited by the GCAA
- Submit their request
What are the regulations?
- Fly it within visual line of sight
- Never over populated areas
- Ensure maximum flying height of 400 feet (122 metres) above ground level is not crossed
- Users must avoid flying over restricted areas listed on the UAE Drone app
- Only fly the drone during the day, and never at night
- Should have a live feed of the drone flight
- Drones must weigh 5 kg or less
Representing%20UAE%20overseas
%3Cp%3E%0DIf%20Catherine%20Richards%20debuts%20for%20Wales%20in%20the%20Six%20Nations%2C%20she%20will%20be%20the%20latest%20to%20have%20made%20it%20from%20the%20UAE%20to%20the%20top%20tier%20of%20the%20international%20game%20in%20the%20oval%20ball%20codes.%0D%3Cbr%3E%20%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESeren%20Gough-Walters%20(Wales%20rugby%20league)%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EBorn%20in%20Dubai%2C%20raised%20in%20Sharjah%2C%20and%20once%20an%20immigration%20officer%20at%20the%20British%20Embassy%20in%20Abu%20Dhabi%2C%20she%20debuted%20for%20Wales%20in%20rugby%20league%20in%202021.%0D%3Cbr%3E%20%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESophie%20Shams%20(England%20sevens)%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EWith%20an%20Emirati%20father%20and%20English%20mother%2C%20Shams%20excelled%20at%20rugby%20at%20school%20in%20Dubai%2C%20and%20went%20on%20to%20represent%20England%20on%20the%20sevens%20circuit.%20%0D%3Cbr%3E%20%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFiona%20Reidy%20(Ireland)%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EMade%20her%20Test%20rugby%20bow%20for%20Ireland%20against%20England%20in%202015%2C%20having%20played%20for%20four%20years%20in%20the%20capital%20with%20Abu%20Dhabi%20Harlequins%20previously.%0D%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
The specs: 2018 Volkswagen Teramont
Price, base / as tested Dh137,000 / Dh189,950
Engine 3.6-litre V6
Gearbox Eight-speed automatic
Power 280hp @ 6,200rpm
Torque 360Nm @ 2,750rpm
Fuel economy, combined 11.7L / 100km
SQUADS
Bangladesh (from): Shadman Islam, Mominul Haque, Soumya Sarkar, Shakib Al Hasan (capt), Mahmudullah Riyad, Mohammad Mithun, Mushfiqur Rahim, Liton Das, Taijul Islam, Mosaddek Hossain, Nayeem Hasan, Mehedi Hasan, Taskin Ahmed, Ebadat Hossain, Abu Jayed
Afghanistan (from): Rashid Khan (capt), Ihsanullah Janat, Javid Ahmadi, Ibrahim Zadran, Rahmat Shah, Hashmatullah Shahidi, Asghar Afghan, Ikram Alikhil, Mohammad Nabi, Qais Ahmad, Sayed Ahmad Shirzad, Yamin Ahmadzai, Zahir Khan Pakteen, Afsar Zazai, Shapoor Zadran
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COMPANY%20PROFILE
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EName%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESmartCrowd%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E2018%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounder%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESiddiq%20Farid%20and%20Musfique%20Ahmed%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EDubai%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESector%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFinTech%20%2F%20PropTech%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInitial%20investment%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E%24650%2C000%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ECurrent%20number%20of%20staff%3A%3C%2Fstrong%3E%2035%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%20stage%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESeries%20A%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestors%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EVarious%20institutional%20investors%20and%20notable%20angel%20investors%20(500%20MENA%2C%20Shurooq%2C%20Mada%2C%20Seedstar%2C%20Tricap)%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Chef Nobu's advice for eating sushi
“One mistake people always make is adding extra wasabi. There is no need for this, because it should already be there between the rice and the fish.
“When eating nigiri, you must dip the fish – not the rice – in soy sauce, otherwise the rice will collapse. Also, don’t use too much soy sauce or it will make you thirsty. For sushi rolls, dip a little of the rice-covered roll lightly in soy sauce and eat in one bite.
“Chopsticks are acceptable, but really, I recommend using your fingers for sushi. Do use chopsticks for sashimi, though.
“The ginger should be eaten separately as a palette cleanser and used to clear the mouth when switching between different pieces of fish.”
White hydrogen: Naturally occurring hydrogen
Chromite: Hard, metallic mineral containing iron oxide and chromium oxide
Ultramafic rocks: Dark-coloured rocks rich in magnesium or iron with very low silica content
Ophiolite: A section of the earth’s crust, which is oceanic in nature that has since been uplifted and exposed on land
Olivine: A commonly occurring magnesium iron silicate mineral that derives its name for its olive-green yellow-green colour
Why it pays to compare
A comparison of sending Dh20,000 from the UAE using two different routes at the same time - the first direct from a UAE bank to a bank in Germany, and the second from the same UAE bank via an online platform to Germany - found key differences in cost and speed. The transfers were both initiated on January 30.
Route 1: bank transfer
The UAE bank charged Dh152.25 for the Dh20,000 transfer. On top of that, their exchange rate margin added a difference of around Dh415, compared with the mid-market rate.
Total cost: Dh567.25 - around 2.9 per cent of the total amount
Total received: €4,670.30
Route 2: online platform
The UAE bank’s charge for sending Dh20,000 to a UK dirham-denominated account was Dh2.10. The exchange rate margin cost was Dh60, plus a Dh12 fee.
Total cost: Dh74.10, around 0.4 per cent of the transaction
Total received: €4,756
The UAE bank transfer was far quicker – around two to three working days, while the online platform took around four to five days, but was considerably cheaper. In the online platform transfer, the funds were also exposed to currency risk during the period it took for them to arrive.
Common OCD symptoms and how they manifest
Checking: the obsession or thoughts focus on some harm coming from things not being as they should, which usually centre around the theme of safety. For example, the obsession is “the building will burn down”, therefore the compulsion is checking that the oven is switched off.
Contamination: the obsession is focused on the presence of germs, dirt or harmful bacteria and how this will impact the person and/or their loved ones. For example, the obsession is “the floor is dirty; me and my family will get sick and die”, the compulsion is repetitive cleaning.
Orderliness: the obsession is a fear of sitting with uncomfortable feelings, or to prevent harm coming to oneself or others. Objectively there appears to be no logical link between the obsession and compulsion. For example,” I won’t feel right if the jars aren’t lined up” or “harm will come to my family if I don’t line up all the jars”, so the compulsion is therefore lining up the jars.
Intrusive thoughts: the intrusive thought is usually highly distressing and repetitive. Common examples may include thoughts of perpetrating violence towards others, harming others, or questions over one’s character or deeds, usually in conflict with the person’s true values. An example would be: “I think I might hurt my family”, which in turn leads to the compulsion of avoiding social gatherings.
Hoarding: the intrusive thought is the overvaluing of objects or possessions, while the compulsion is stashing or hoarding these items and refusing to let them go. For example, “this newspaper may come in useful one day”, therefore, the compulsion is hoarding newspapers instead of discarding them the next day.
Source: Dr Robert Chandler, clinical psychologist at Lighthouse Arabia
