As the ever-expanding global population puts pressure on farmers to make their crops go further, a pioneering planting method that uses little water and no soil could soon revolutionise the way we grow our food. John Morrish reports.
Agriculture is growing up - literally. With the world's population growing rapidly, and fertile land in increasingly short supply, thoughts are turning to the possibility of "vertical farming".
The idea was originally mooted in 1999 by Dickson Despommier, a professor at Columbia University in New York City. He envisaged a network of 30-storey urban tower blocks filled with crops, capable of feeding thousands of people. In the years since, much thought has been devoted to the idea, but nothing practical has happened, not least because Despommier expects his farms to cost hundreds of millions of dollars.
And yet, every journey starts with a single step. In the case of vertical farming, that step has been taken in Paignton, south-west England, where what is claimed to be the first vertical farm in the world is producing leafy green vegetables, but for feeding animals not humans.
The zoo there is piloting a system called VertiCrop, created by Valcent EU Ltd, the UK-based subsidiary of an American company. This modest beginning could be the start of a revolution in world farming and is important for areas where water and soil are in short supply. A VertiCrop farm does not use any soil, and its water usage is just five per cent of that of traditional agriculture.
The Paignton "farm" consists of up to 11,000 plants on plastic trays, stacked eight deep to a height of 3m on 70 "rigs". These move slowly around on a conveyor system that gives all the plants equal access to light and ventilation. With a floor area of 100sq m, the Paignton farm is a half-size, half-height version of a standard VertiCrop module. In the real thing the plants would be stacked 6m high, making it hugely efficient. It is claimed that a square metre of VertiCrop can yield as much produce as 20sq m of a flat field or between 4-6sq m of a conventional greenhouse.
The zoo took on its pioneering role when Kevin Frediani, the curator of plants and gardens, arrived from Amsterdam's Botanical Gardens in 2008. He wanted to feed the animals with crops grown on site, enrich their lives (even carnivores such as big cats like the smell of herbs) and demonstrate the principle of sustainability. But space was a problem. "How do you grow food when you are in competition with the animals on the site?" he wondered.
He came across Valcent when the company attended an environmental exhibition at the zoo. Its stand included an 18cm-high model of a VertiCrop growing lettuces. Frediani was told he could see a pilot project at the Valcent headquarters in Cornwall in six months.
Instead, he persuaded them to build its pilot scheme at the zoo, where it could start doing a useful job from day one. The zoo funded it and pays the running costs. Valcent provided the system, including the computer and filtration system, at a cost of about £200,000 (Dh1.1million) "If the pilot failed," says Frediani, "I could have always turned the building into a butterfly house."
It has not failed. The system was installed in September 2009 and started producing almost immediately. The zoo buys in Dh1.1million worth of fruit and vegetables every year. Frediani's target for the first year is to produce Dh110,000 worth of animal food, including lettuce, spinach, Swiss chard, giant red mustard, rocket and herbs.
The plants are grown hydroponically (in water), and the system's computer programme allows it to feed different plants with different nutrients as they are irrigated three times a day. All the waste water is filtered, its nutrients measured and then topped up as necessary, and then recycled into the irrigation system. A control panel allows the part-time agricultural technician who runs the system to see what is happening and make adjustments.
"There is no wastage," says Frediani. "And nothing goes out to harm the environment." No pesticides or herbicides are used. And electricity usage is modest: Frediani says that in one day the system uses no more power than a domestic computer uses in a week.
Valcent has greater ambitions for its system. Its business development director, Tom Bentley, promotes its suitability for many environments around the world. "It grows food or produce without the need for land," he says. "The system is designed around 200sq m modules, but in practice we expect commercial growers, cities and governments to build very large installations using multiple module-covering hectares."
In the Middle East, the system could be used to reduce imports and enhance food security by enabling growers to produce crops all year round much more cheaply than in conventional environment-controlled greenhouses. "By going vertical you massively reduce costs because you reduce the amount of building you need to grow the same amount of product. And the energy costs needed to run it are much lower than with a conventional horizontal production system."
He estimates both capital costs and energy costs at less than half those of conventional hydroponic greenhouses producing the same amount of crop.
"If I was looking at food security," says Frediani, "and I was in a desert environment where water was a limited resource and soil was a limited resource, then VertiCrop would be an ideal solution for growing fresh fruit and vegetables adjacent to cities."
He would, he says, put the structure underground, keeping the crops cool, and use solar electricity to power the system's lighting, filtration and computer.
Vertical farming offers the prospect of growing crops in cities, on rooftops for example, or on brownfield sites where residential development is not possible. Farmers could harvest, and deliver to towns within half an hour, with huge nutritional benefits. Other possibilities would be for a restaurant to install a small system to harvest vegetables and serve them straight to table, or to build a system alongside a supermarket.
Bentley has been in Abu Dhabi talking to potential customers, including the university and the developers of the Masdar eco-city, but he is keeping those discussions under wraps.
Both Bentley and Frediani see vertical farms playing a role in feeding the world sustainably. Frediani notes that the arrival of an extra two billion people by 2050 will require an area the size of Brazil to go under the plough. "This isn't going to be the answer to this," he says. "It's certainly not going to feed two billion people. But it will take some of the pressure off."
Killing of Qassem Suleimani
SCORES IN BRIEF
Lahore Qalandars 186 for 4 in 19.4 overs
(Sohail 100,Phil Salt 37 not out, Bilal Irshad 30, Josh Poysden 2-26)
bt Yorkshire Vikings 184 for 5 in 20 overs
(Jonathan Tattersall 36, Harry Brook 37, Gary Ballance 33, Adam Lyth 32, Shaheen Afridi 2-36).
What the law says
Micro-retirement is not a recognised concept or employment status under Federal Decree Law No. 33 of 2021 on the Regulation of Labour Relations (as amended) (UAE Labour Law). As such, it reflects a voluntary work-life balance practice, rather than a recognised legal employment category, according to Dilini Loku, senior associate for law firm Gateley Middle East.
“Some companies may offer formal sabbatical policies or career break programmes; however, beyond such arrangements, there is no automatic right or statutory entitlement to extended breaks,” she explains.
“Any leave taken beyond statutory entitlements, such as annual leave, is typically regarded as unpaid leave in accordance with Article 33 of the UAE Labour Law. While employees may legally take unpaid leave, such requests are subject to the employer’s discretion and require approval.”
If an employee resigns to pursue micro-retirement, the employment contract is terminated, and the employer is under no legal obligation to rehire the employee in the future unless specific contractual agreements are in place (such as return-to-work arrangements), which are generally uncommon, Ms Loku adds.
Key facilities
- Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
- Premier League-standard football pitch
- 400m Olympic running track
- NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
- 600-seat auditorium
- Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
- An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
- Specialist robotics and science laboratories
- AR and VR-enabled learning centres
- Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
Sole survivors
- Cecelia Crocker was on board Northwest Airlines Flight 255 in 1987 when it crashed in Detroit, killing 154 people, including her parents and brother. The plane had hit a light pole on take off
- George Lamson Jr, from Minnesota, was on a Galaxy Airlines flight that crashed in Reno in 1985, killing 68 people. His entire seat was launched out of the plane
- Bahia Bakari, then 12, survived when a Yemenia Airways flight crashed near the Comoros in 2009, killing 152. She was found clinging to wreckage after floating in the ocean for 13 hours.
- Jim Polehinke was the co-pilot and sole survivor of a 2006 Comair flight that crashed in Lexington, Kentucky, killing 49.
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%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EGold%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EMagomedomar%20Magomedomarov%20%E2%80%93%20Judo%20%E2%80%93%20Men%E2%80%99s%20%2B100kg%0D%3Cbr%3EKhaled%20Al%20Shehi%20%E2%80%93%20Jiu-jitsu%20%E2%80%93%20Men%E2%80%99s%20-62kg%0D%3Cbr%3EFaisal%20Al%20Ketbi%20%E2%80%93%20Jiu-jitsu%20%E2%80%93%20Men%E2%80%99s%20-85kg%0D%3Cbr%3EAsma%20Al%20Hosani%20%E2%80%93%20Jiu-jitsu%20%E2%80%93%20Women%E2%80%99s%20-52kg%0D%3Cbr%3EShamma%20Al%20Kalbani%20%E2%80%93%20Jiu-jitsu%20%E2%80%93%20Women%E2%80%99s%20-63kg%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESilver%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EOmar%20Al%20Marzooqi%20%E2%80%93%20Equestrian%20%E2%80%93%20Individual%20showjumping%0D%3Cbr%3EBishrelt%20Khorloodoi%20%E2%80%93%20Judo%20%E2%80%93%20Women%E2%80%99s%20-52kg%0D%3Cbr%3EKhalid%20Al%20Blooshi%20%E2%80%93%20Jiu-jitsu%20%E2%80%93%20Men%E2%80%99s%20-62kg%0D%3Cbr%3EMohamed%20Al%20Suwaidi%20%E2%80%93%20Jiu-jitsu%20%E2%80%93%20Men%E2%80%99s%20-69kg%0D%3Cbr%3EBalqees%20Abdulla%20%E2%80%93%20Jiu-jitsu%20%E2%80%93%20Women%E2%80%99s%20-48kg%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBronze%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EHawraa%20Alajmi%20%E2%80%93%20Karate%20%E2%80%93%20Women%E2%80%99s%20kumite%20-50kg%0D%3Cbr%3EAhmed%20Al%20Mansoori%20%E2%80%93%20Cycling%20%E2%80%93%20Men%E2%80%99s%20omnium%0D%3Cbr%3EAbdullah%20Al%20Marri%20%E2%80%93%20Equestrian%20%E2%80%93%20Individual%20showjumping%0D%3Cbr%3ETeam%20UAE%20%E2%80%93%20Equestrian%20%E2%80%93%20Team%20showjumping%0D%3Cbr%3EDzhafar%20Kostoev%20%E2%80%93%20Judo%20%E2%80%93%20Men%E2%80%99s%20-100kg%0D%3Cbr%3ENarmandakh%20Bayanmunkh%20%E2%80%93%20Judo%20%E2%80%93%20Men%E2%80%99s%20-66kg%0D%3Cbr%3EGrigorian%20Aram%20%E2%80%93%20Judo%20%E2%80%93%20Men%E2%80%99s%20-90kg%0D%3Cbr%3EMahdi%20Al%20Awlaqi%20%E2%80%93%20Jiu-jitsu%20%E2%80%93%20Men%E2%80%99s%20-77kg%0D%3Cbr%3ESaeed%20Al%20Kubaisi%20%E2%80%93%20Jiu-jitsu%20%E2%80%93%20Men%E2%80%99s%20-85kg%0D%3Cbr%3EShamsa%20Al%20Ameri%20%E2%80%93%20Jiu-jitsu%20%E2%80%93%20Women%E2%80%99s%20-57kg%0D%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Tips to stay safe during hot weather
- Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids, especially water. Avoid alcohol and caffeine, which can increase dehydration.
- Seek cool environments: Use air conditioning, fans, or visit community spaces with climate control.
- Limit outdoor activities: Avoid strenuous activity during peak heat. If outside, seek shade and wear a wide-brimmed hat.
- Dress appropriately: Wear lightweight, loose and light-coloured clothing to facilitate heat loss.
- Check on vulnerable people: Regularly check in on elderly neighbours, young children and those with health conditions.
- Home adaptations: Use blinds or curtains to block sunlight, avoid using ovens or stoves, and ventilate living spaces during cooler hours.
- Recognise heat illness: Learn the signs of heat exhaustion and heat stroke (dizziness, confusion, rapid pulse, nausea), and seek medical attention if symptoms occur.
More on Quran memorisation:
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%3Cp%3EName%3A%20Tabby%3Cbr%3EFounded%3A%20August%202019%3B%20platform%20went%20live%20in%20February%202020%3Cbr%3EFounder%2FCEO%3A%20Hosam%20Arab%2C%20co-founder%3A%20Daniil%20Barkalov%3Cbr%3EBased%3A%20Dubai%2C%20UAE%3Cbr%3ESector%3A%20Payments%3Cbr%3ESize%3A%2040-50%20employees%3Cbr%3EStage%3A%20Series%20A%3Cbr%3EInvestors%3A%20Arbor%20Ventures%2C%20Mubadala%20Capital%2C%20Wamda%20Capital%2C%20STV%2C%20Raed%20Ventures%2C%20Global%20Founders%20Capital%2C%20JIMCO%2C%20Global%20Ventures%2C%20Venture%20Souq%2C%20Outliers%20VC%2C%20MSA%20Capital%2C%20HOF%20and%20AB%20Accelerator.%3Cbr%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
KILLING OF QASSEM SULEIMANI
The stats
Ship name: MSC Bellissima
Ship class: Meraviglia Class
Delivery date: February 27, 2019
Gross tonnage: 171,598 GT
Passenger capacity: 5,686
Crew members: 1,536
Number of cabins: 2,217
Length: 315.3 metres
Maximum speed: 22.7 knots (42kph)
Sri Lanka-India Test series schedule
- 1st Test India won by 304 runs at Galle
- 2nd Test Thursday-Monday at Colombo
- 3rd Test August 12-16 at Pallekele
More from Neighbourhood Watch:
Results
6.30pm: Madjani Stakes Group 2 (PA) Dh97,500 (Dirt) 1,900m, Winner: RB Frynchh Dude, Pat Cosgrave (jockey), Helal Al Alawi (trainer)
7.05pm: Maiden (TB) Dh82,500 (D) 1,400m, Winner: Mnasek, Dane O’Neill, Doug Watson.
7.40pm: Maiden (TB) Dh82,500 (D) 1,600m, Winner: Grand Dubai, Sandro Paiva, Ali Rashid Al Raihe.
8.15pm: Handicap (TB) Dh87,500 (D) 2,200m, Winner: Meqdam, Sam Hitchcock, Doug Watson.
8.50pm: Dubai Creek Mile Listed (TB) Dh132,500 (D) 1,600m, Winner: Thegreatcollection, Pat Cosgrave, Doug Watson.
9.25pm: Conditions (TB) Dh120,000 (D) 1,900m, Winner: Sanad Libya, Richard Mullen, Satish Seemar.
10pm: Handicap (TB) Dh92,500 (D) 1,400m, Winner: Madkhal, Adrie de Vries, Fawzi Nass.
The five pillars of Islam
It Was Just an Accident
Director: Jafar Panahi
Stars: Vahid Mobasseri, Mariam Afshari, Ebrahim Azizi, Hadis Pakbaten, Majid Panahi, Mohamad Ali Elyasmehr
Rating: 4/5
EA Sports FC 25
Developer: EA Vancouver, EA Romania
Publisher: EA Sports
Consoles: Nintendo Switch, PlayStation 4&5, Xbox One and Xbox Series X/S
Rating: 3.5/5
The specs
Engine: 4.0-litre V8 twin-turbocharged and three electric motors
Power: Combined output 920hp
Torque: 730Nm at 4,000-7,000rpm
Transmission: 8-speed dual-clutch automatic
Fuel consumption: 11.2L/100km
On sale: Now, deliveries expected later in 2025
Price: expected to start at Dh1,432,000
THE CLOWN OF GAZA
Director: Abdulrahman Sabbah
Starring: Alaa Meqdad
Rating: 4/5
Conflict, drought, famine
Estimates of the number of deaths caused by the famine range from 400,000 to 1 million, according to a document prepared for the UK House of Lords in 2024.
It has been claimed that the policies of the Ethiopian government, which took control after deposing Emperor Haile Selassie in a military-led revolution in 1974, contributed to the scale of the famine.
Dr Miriam Bradley, senior lecturer in humanitarian studies at the University of Manchester, has argued that, by the early 1980s, “several government policies combined to cause, rather than prevent, a famine which lasted from 1983 to 1985. Mengistu’s government imposed Stalinist-model agricultural policies involving forced collectivisation and villagisation [relocation of communities into planned villages].
The West became aware of the catastrophe through a series of BBC News reports by journalist Michael Buerk in October 1984 describing a “biblical famine” and containing graphic images of thousands of people, including children, facing starvation.
Band Aid
Bob Geldof, singer with the Irish rock group The Boomtown Rats, formed Band Aid in response to the horrific images shown in the news broadcasts.
With Midge Ure of the band Ultravox, he wrote the hit charity single Do They Know it’s Christmas in December 1984, featuring a string of high-profile musicians.
Following the single’s success, the idea to stage a rock concert evolved.
Live Aid was a series of simultaneous concerts that took place at Wembley Stadium in London, John F Kennedy Stadium in Philadelphia, the US, and at various other venues across the world.
The combined event was broadcast to an estimated worldwide audience of 1.5 billion.
