The word "print" does not mean what it used to. For centuries, it referred to the act of transferring ink on to surfaces to create books and textiles.
In more recent years, 3D technology has shown it can print anything from toys to body parts to entire buildings. Now, thanks to new advances in ink, materials and printer technology, scientists are discovering ways of printing fully functional electronic devices.
As part of a recent experiment by Purdue University in the US, engineers created something astonishing and slightly spooky: a working keypad and controller, printed directly on to a sheet of paper. They were able to use that piece of paper to type letters on to a screen and swipe a finger across a printed volume control. This demonstration of so-called papertronics is an astonishing party trick (paper iPad, anyone?) but it's also part of an exciting new wave of flexible computing, both literally and figuratively.
We have seen how 3D printing of physical structures has taken over the world in educational and manufacturing systems. If we could do the same with a multifunctional printer for electronics, in classrooms and makerspaces, that could create a lot of really exciting opportunities
What ink is being used to make this kind of magic happen? Evidently it’s not found in your standard cart. Chemicals, nano particles and organic molecules can be combined in various ways to create all kinds of possibilities. Electroluminescent ink can enable displays on objects of all shapes and sizes. Solar cells, lighting elements, sensors and detectors can be printed – and not only on to standard electronic substrates such as film, but on to a whole range of materials. Better still, it can be done in small quantities on demand, or potentially scaled up to mass production.
“There is a lot of work and progress towards printing electronics in a high-throughput, roll-to-roll manufacturing style, very similar to newspaper printing,” says Aaron Franklin, a professor of electrical and computer engineering at Duke University in the US. “And then there is a more inkjet-style printing to a given surface, which is much more customisable.”
Franklin says this could revolutionise the process of prototyping. In time, the idea of printed electronics could end up working exactly as you might expect: load material into a printer, upload a circuit pattern, push a "print" button, and watch a fully functional electronic device emerge.
“We have seen how 3D printing of physical structures has taken over the world in educational and manufacturing systems,” he says. “If we could do the same with a multifunctional printer for electronics, in classrooms and makerspaces, that could create a lot of really exciting opportunities.”
Those opportunities are only just starting to be explored. Ramses Martinez, the professor overseeing the experiment with papertronics at Purdue, outlined how it could be used to create smart food packaging, or to add fingerprint sensors to parcels to allow people to identify themselves as the recipient.
But it is not only paper that can be transformed by these new processes. Until recently, the printing of electronics has had to be combined with other non-printing processes, such as oven-baking or chemical baths. Franklin's work is striving to print circuitry to any material, including sensitive surfaces, with no such post-processing needed. Perhaps his most notable achievement has been to print directly on to human skin. Take a finger, print it with two small, metallic-looking conductive traces. Add a light at one end, and a voltage at the other. When the circuit completes, a light glows – the human body and electronics, working as one.
"This could facilitate biomedical monitoring capabilities, and I think it has some very realistic possibilities in the coming three to five years," he says. "Some of the custom electronic devices that are currently integrated into wearables could have tremendous capabilities if they were printed directly on to the skin."
One of the extraordinary aspects of the Purdue papertronics experiment is that the device is self-powered, as it generates electricity from contact with the finger of the person operating it. Studies done at Binghamton University in New York have gone even further, with pieces of office paper being transformed into batteries by using bacteria – all for the cost of a few cents. But this does not only present a cost advantage – these self-powered devices are made of biodegradable material. This innovation may help to solve one of the most pressing problems faced by the tech industry: the massive amount of toxic e-waste generated by obsolete gadgets.
“Papertronics can be particularly useful in remote areas with limited resources because they are powered by bacteria that can inhabit even the most extreme of conditions,” says Professor Seokheun Choi, who oversaw the work at Binghamton. “They don’t need a well-established power grid, either. In addition, new batteries can be created from recycled paper and they are fairly straightforward to make.”
This new work, particularly with printed nanomaterials, brings new kinds of functionality – way beyond a simple paper controller – that we cannot yet imagine, Franklin says.
"If we are willing to really drill down into harnessing this technology, we could also do incredible things."
The specs: 2018 Nissan Altima
Price, base / as tested: Dh78,000 / Dh97,650
Engine: 2.5-litre in-line four-cylinder
Power: 182hp @ 6,000rpm
Torque: 244Nm @ 4,000rpm
Transmission: Continuously variable tranmission
Fuel consumption, combined: 7.6L / 100km
Electric scooters: some rules to remember
- Riders must be 14-years-old or over
- Wear a protective helmet
- Park the electric scooter in designated parking lots (if any)
- Do not leave electric scooter in locations that obstruct traffic or pedestrians
- Solo riders only, no passengers allowed
- Do not drive outside designated lanes
Family reunited
Nazanin Zaghari-Ratcliffe was born and raised in Tehran and studied English literature before working as a translator in the relief effort for the Japanese International Co-operation Agency in 2003.
She moved to the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies before moving to the World Health Organisation as a communications officer.
She came to the UK in 2007 after securing a scholarship at London Metropolitan University to study a master's in communication management and met her future husband through mutual friends a month later.
The couple were married in August 2009 in Winchester and their daughter was born in June 2014.
She was held in her native country a year later.
Company%20Profile
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Napoleon
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The Details
Article 15
Produced by: Carnival Cinemas, Zee Studios
Directed by: Anubhav Sinha
Starring: Ayushmann Khurrana, Kumud Mishra, Manoj Pahwa, Sayani Gupta, Zeeshan Ayyub
Our rating: 4/5
Arsenal's pre-season fixtures
Thursday Beat Sydney 2-0 in Sydney
Saturday v Western Sydney Wanderers in Sydney
Wednesday v Bayern Munich in Shanghai
July 22 v Chelsea in Beijing
July 29 v Benfica in London
July 30 v Sevilla in London
The specs
Engine: 6.2-litre supercharged V8
Power: 712hp at 6,100rpm
Torque: 881Nm at 4,800rpm
Transmission: 8-speed auto
Fuel consumption: 19.6 l/100km
Price: Dh380,000
On sale: now
Scoreline
Ireland 16 (Tries: Stockdale Cons: Sexton Pens: Sexton 3)
New Zealand 9 (Pens: Barrett 2 Drop Goal: Barrett)
Results
Male 51kg Round 1
Dias Karmanov (KAZ) beat Mabrook Rasea (YEM) by points 2-1.
Male 54kg Round 1
Yelaman Sayassatov (KAZ) beat Chen Huang (TPE) TKO Round 1; Huynh Hoang Phi (VIE) beat Fahad Anakkayi (IND) RSC Round 2; Qais Al Jamal (JOR) beat Man Long Ng (MAC) by points 3-0; Ayad Albadr (IRQ) beat Yashar Yazdani (IRI) by points 2-1.
Male 57kg Round 1
Natthawat Suzikong (THA) beat Abdallah Ondash (LBN) by points 3-0; Almaz Sarsembekov (KAZ) beat Ahmed Al Jubainawi (IRQ) by points 2-1; Hamed Almatari (YEM) beat Nasser Al Rugheeb (KUW) by points 3-0; Zakaria El Jamari (UAE) beat Yu Xi Chen (TPE) by points 3-0.
Men 86kg Round 1
Ahmad Bahman (UAE) beat Mohammad Al Khatib (PAL) by points 2-1
Men 63.5kg Round 1
Noureddin Samir (UAE) beat Polash Chakma (BAN) RSC Round 1.
Female 45kg quarter finals
Narges Mohammadpour (IRI) beat Yuen Wai Chan (HKG) by points.
Female 48kg quarter finals
Szi Ki Wong (HKG) beat Dimple Vaishnav (IND) RSC round 2; Thanawan Thongduang (THA) beat Nastaran Soori (IRI) by points; Shabnam Hussain Zada (AFG) beat Tzu Ching Lin (TPE) by points.
Female 57kg quarter finals
Nguyen Thi Nguyet (VIE) beat Anisha Shetty (IND) by points 2-1; Areeya Sahot (THA) beat Dana Al Mayyal (KUW) RSC Round 1; Sara Idriss (LBN) beat Ching Yee Tsang (HKG) by points 3-0.
Company%20profile
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MATCH INFO
Barcelona v Real Madrid, 11pm UAE
Match is on BeIN Sports
Challenge Cup result:
1. UAE 3 faults
2. Ireland 9 faults
3. Brazil 11 faults
4. Spain 15 faults
5. Great Britain 17 faults
6. New Zealand 20 faults
7. Italy 26 faults
Ferrari 12Cilindri specs
Engine: naturally aspirated 6.5-liter V12
Power: 819hp
Torque: 678Nm at 7,250rpm
Price: From Dh1,700,000
Available: Now
Red Joan
Director: Trevor Nunn
Starring: Judi Dench, Sophie Cookson, Tereza Srbova
Rating: 3/5 stars
Results
6.30pm: Maiden Dh165,000 (Dirt) 1,200m
Winner: Barack Beach, Richard Mullen (jockey), Satish Seemar (trainer).
7.05pm: Handicap Dh170,000 (D) 1,200m
Winner: Way Of Wisdom, Connor Beasley, Satish Seemar.
7.40pm: Maiden Dh165,000 (D) 1,900m
Winner: Woodditton, Connor Beasley, Ahmad bin Harmash.
8.15pm: Handicap Dh185,000 (D) 2,000m
Winner: Secret Trade, Sandro Paiva, Ali Rashid Al Raihe.
8.50pm: Handicap Dh185,000 (D) 1,600m
Winner: Mark Of Approval, Antonio Fresu, Mahmood Hussain.
9.25pm: Handicap Dh165,000 (D) 2,000m
Winner: Tradesman, Pat Dobbs, Doug Watson.
INDIA%20SQUAD
%3Cp%3ERohit%20Sharma%20(capt)%2C%20Shubman%20Gill%2C%20Cheteshwar%20Pujara%2C%20Virat%20Kohli%2C%20Ajinkya%20Rahane%2C%20KL%20Rahul%2C%20KS%20Bharat%20(wk)%2C%20Ravichandran%20Ashwin%2C%20Ravindra%20Jadeja%2C%20Axar%20Patel%2C%20Shardul%20Thakur%2C%20Mohammed%20Shami%2C%20Mohammed%20Siraj%2C%20Umesh%20Yadav%2C%20Jaydev%20Unadkat%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
ATP RANKINGS (NOVEMBER 4)
1. Rafael Nadal (ESP) 9,585 pts ( 1)
2. Novak Djokovic (SRB) 8,945 (-1)
3. Roger Federer (SUI) 6,190
4. Daniil Medvedev (RUS) 5,705
5. Dominic Thiem (AUT) 5,025
6. Stefanos Tsitsipas (GRE) 4,000 ( 1)
7. Alexander Zverev (GER) 2,945 (-1)
8. Matteo Berrettini (ITA) 2,670 ( 1)
9. Roberto Bautista (ESP) 2,540 ( 1)
10. Gaël Monfils (FRA) 2,530 ( 3)
11. David Goffin (BEL) 2,335 ( 3)
12. Fabio Fognini (ITA) 2,290
13. Kei Nishikori (JPN) 2,180 (-2)
14. Diego Schwartzman (ARG) 2,125 ( 1)
15. Denis Shapovalov (CAN) 2,050 ( 13)
16. Stan Wawrinka (SUI) 2,000
17. Karen Khachanov (RUS) 1,840 (-9)
18. Alex De Minaur (AUS) 1,775
19. John Isner (USA) 1,770 (-2)
20. Grigor Dimitrov (BUL) 1,747 ( 7)
Global state-owned investor ranking by size
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China
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UAE
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Japan
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Norway
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Canada
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Libya's Gold
UN Panel of Experts found regime secretly sold a fifth of the country's gold reserves.
The panel’s 2017 report followed a trail to West Africa where large sums of cash and gold were hidden by Abdullah Al Senussi, Qaddafi’s former intelligence chief, in 2011.
Cases filled with cash that was said to amount to $560m in 100 dollar notes, that was kept by a group of Libyans in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.
A second stash was said to have been held in Accra, Ghana, inside boxes at the local offices of an international human rights organisation based in France.
Sunday's fixtures
- Bournemouth v Southampton, 5.30pm
- Manchester City v West Ham United, 8pm
Three ways to limit your social media use
Clinical psychologist, Dr Saliha Afridi at The Lighthouse Arabia suggests three easy things you can do every day to cut back on the time you spend online.
1. Put the social media app in a folder on the second or third screen of your phone so it has to remain a conscious decision to open, rather than something your fingers gravitate towards without consideration.
2. Schedule a time to use social media instead of consistently throughout the day. I recommend setting aside certain times of the day or week when you upload pictures or share information.
3. Take a mental snapshot rather than a photo on your phone. Instead of sharing it with your social world, try to absorb the moment, connect with your feeling, experience the moment with all five of your senses. You will have a memory of that moment more vividly and for far longer than if you take a picture of it.
McIlroy's struggles in 2016/17
European Tour: 6 events, 16 rounds, 5 cuts, 0 wins, 3 top-10s, 4 top-25s, 72,5567 points, ranked 16th
PGA Tour: 8 events, 26 rounds, 6 cuts, 0 wins, 4 top-10s, 5 top-25s, 526 points, ranked 71st
COMPANY PROFILE
Name: HyperSpace
Started: 2020
Founders: Alexander Heller, Rama Allen and Desi Gonzalez
Based: Dubai, UAE
Sector: Entertainment
Number of staff: 210
Investment raised: $75 million from investors including Galaxy Interactive, Riyadh Season, Sega Ventures and Apis Venture Partners
Movie: Saheb, Biwi aur Gangster 3
Producer: JAR Films
Director: Tigmanshu Dhulia
Cast: Sanjay Dutt, Jimmy Sheirgill, Mahie Gill, Chitrangda Singh, Kabir Bedi
Rating: 3 star
