Internet access is becoming a human right. The World Bank has described it as a basic necessity for economic and human development. And yet, according to Unesco figures, more than half of the world's households are not connected to the internet. In many cases, those households are unable to afford it, but nearly 600 million people around the globe could not access it even if they had the money. There is no infrastructure and no mobile broadband coverage to connect them.
There is, however, a solution to this problem that uses neither cables nor masts, but our skies. A small number of aircraft, equipped with mobile networking equipment, are currently moving around the stratosphere, bringing connectivity to areas beneath them. And the ambitions for this technology are growing. In recent weeks, Deutsche Telekom has partnered with a British company, Stratospheric Platforms, to test a high-altitude aircraft with the aim of delivering blisteringly fast internet connection to urban areas. The vision: 5G internet access for entire nations, all via the stratosphere.
The technology is called HAPs, or high-altitude platforms. They sit above the weather and above air traffic, at a height of around 20 to 25 kilometres, where they remain for days or even weeks at a time. Perhaps the best-known examples are the massive, solar-powered balloons floated by Google as part of its Loon project, founded in 2011. Their capabilities were first demonstrated to the world when Hurricane Maria hit Puerto Rico in September 2017; Google partnered with local telecom companies to ensure that data kept flowing via balloons when traditional networks were disrupted. The experiment was repeated in May 2019, when an earthquake of magnitude 8 hit northern Peru. They saw their first commercial implementation earlier this year, providing 4G access to a 50,000-square-kilometre area of western Kenya.
However, development of HAPs is far from easy. Five years ago, Facebook chief executive Mark Zuckerberg had big ambitions in this area; he launched Project Aquila to test whether solar-powered drones could expand internet access into new parts of the world. But after a number of setbacks – including a crash landing – the venture was abandoned.
"A successful HAPs system has to fuse aerospace, aeronautics, telecommunications and many other fields," says Ogbonnaya Anicho, lecturer at Liverpool Hope University in the UK and researcher of high altitude connectivity. "There have been a lot of struggles with aeronautical design, the elephant in the room being how to keep these gigantic vehicles flying in the stratosphere. During the day you can harness solar power and store it in batteries, which you can feed off at night. But what happens in seasons with less sunlight? Google's commercial targets for Loon depend on the location being 15° north or south of the equator. Outside that zone, they cannot provide the service."
There have been a lot of struggles with aeronautical design, the elephant in the room being how to keep these gigantic vehicles flying in the stratosphere
Loon has also had to wrestle with the problem of air currents pushing balloons off course. Google developed clever algorithms to vertically manoeuvre them into airstreams which take them in the right direction. Instances of them crashing received publicity that was, perhaps, disproportionate to the successes being achieved, but it nevertheless provided evidence that their reliability need to be improved.
A competitor, Airbus, has developed a fixed wing HAP called Zephyr whose movements are easier to control, but such craft still have to contend with the problem of staying in the air while performing power-hungry telecom operations.
Richard Deakin, chief executive of Stratospheric Platforms, admires the work being done with solar, but expresses doubts about its ability to deliver connectivity at scale. "[Solar] can enable HAPs to stay flying for a year, but you can't do a great deal with them because the power available for the payload is so small," he says. His company's solution is to power its HAP aircraft with liquid hydrogen, allowing them to remain in the air for nine days at a time before landing, refuelling and taking off again.
“They would each cover an area of 140km in diameter, and serves tens of thousands of users in each of the cells created on the ground,” says Deakin. He says the enormous number of 5G mast installations needed to cover an entire country – estimated by the Institution of Engineering and Technology at 400,000 for an area the size of the UK – presents an enormous practical problem that airborne connectivity could solve. “You would only need around 60 of our unmanned aircraft to cover that area,” he says. It would essentially be like running a small airline.”
Anicho, however, believes that urban connectivity should not be the priority. "Rural areas have a very tough, almost impossible business case," he says. "No matter how humanitarian it is to invest in infrastructure in those parts of the world, it won't be done because there is no business justification for it. HAPs should be providing that option. I don't want to lose focus on the goal, here, which is: can we get everybody online?"
As the ongoing pandemic shapes the way we live and work, the need to get every citizen connected becomes ever stronger. The flexibility of HAPs, in whichever form they take, may help to make that possible – whether it’s bringing mobile banking to remote parts of the world, or giving much-needed extra capacity in urban areas during working hours.
To supply that from a largely unused part of the Earth’s atmosphere is, without doubt, a beautiful example of human ingenuity.
Tuesday results:
- Singapore bt Malaysia by 29 runs
- UAE bt Oman by 13 runs
- Hong Kong bt Nepal by 3 wickets
Final:
Thursday, UAE v Hong Kong
THE SPECS
Jaguar F-Pace SVR
Engine: 5-litre supercharged V8
Transmission: 8-speed automatic
Power: 542bhp
Torque: 680Nm
Price: Dh465,071
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%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3EAuthor%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EAbdullah%20Khan%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPublisher%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EPenguin%20Random%20House%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EPages%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E304%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EAvailable%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ENow%0D%3Cbr%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
RESULTS
2pm: Handicap (PA) Dh40,000 (Dirt) 1,000m
Winner: AF Mozhell, Saif Al Balushi (jockey), Khalifa Al Neyadi (trainer)
2.30pm: Maiden (PA) Dh40,000 (D) 2,000m
Winner: Majdi, Szczepan Mazur, Abdallah Al Hammadi.
3pm: Handicap (PA) Dh40,000 (D) 1,700m
Winner: AF Athabeh, Tadhg O’Shea, Ernst Oertel.
3.30pm: Handicap (PA) Dh40,000 (D) 1,700m
Winner: AF Eshaar, Bernardo Pinheiro, Khalifa Al Neyadi
4pm: Gulf Cup presented by Longines Prestige (PA) Dh150,000 (D) 1,700m
Winner: Al Roba’a Al Khali, Al Moatasem Al Balushi, Younis Al Kalbani
4.30pm: Handicap (TB) Dh40,000 (D) 1,200m
Winner: Apolo Kid, Antonio Fresu, Musabah Al Muahiri
The Internet
Hive Mind
four stars
The specs: 2018 Mercedes-AMG C63 S Cabriolet
Price, base: Dh429,090
Engine 4.0-litre twin-turbo V8
Transmission Seven-speed automatic
Power 510hp @ 5,500rpm
Torque 700Nm @ 1,750rpm
Fuel economy, combined 9.2L / 100km
Starring: Jamie Foxx, Angela Bassett, Tina Fey
Directed by: Pete Doctor
Rating: 4 stars
Abu Dhabi Equestrian Club race card
5pm: Abu Dhabi Fillies Classic (PA) Prestige; Dh110,000; 1,400m
5.30pm: Abu Dhabi Colts Classic (PA) Prestige; Dh110,000; 1,400m
6pm: Maiden (PA); Dh80,000; 1,600m
6.30pm: Abu Dhabi Championship (PA) Listed; Dh180,000; 1,600m
7pm: Wathba Stallions Cup (PA) Handicap; Dh70,000; 2,200m
7.30pm: Handicap (PA); Dh100,000; 2,400m
Company%20Profile
%3Cp%3E%3Cstrong%3ECompany%20name%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ENamara%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EStarted%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EJune%202022%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EFounder%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EMohammed%20Alnamara%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EBased%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EDubai%20%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ESector%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EMicrofinance%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3ECurrent%20number%20of%20staff%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3E16%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestment%20stage%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3ESeries%20A%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EInvestors%3A%20%3C%2Fstrong%3EFamily%20offices%0D%3Cbr%3E%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Killing of Qassem Suleimani
The%20specs
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More from Aya Iskandarani
UAE%20v%20West%20Indies
%3Cp%3EFirst%20ODI%20-%20Sunday%2C%20June%204%20%0D%3Cbr%3ESecond%20ODI%20-%20Tuesday%2C%20June%206%20%0D%3Cbr%3EThird%20ODI%20-%20Friday%2C%20June%209%26nbsp%3B%3C%2Fp%3E%0A%3Cp%3EMatches%20at%20Sharjah%20Cricket%20Stadium.%20All%20games%20start%20at%204.30pm%0D%3Cbr%3E%0D%3Cbr%3E%3Cstrong%3EUAE%20squad%3C%2Fstrong%3E%0D%3Cbr%3EMuhammad%20Waseem%20(captain)%2C%20Aayan%20Khan%2C%20Adithya%20Shetty%2C%20Ali%20Naseer%2C%20Ansh%20Tandon%2C%20Aryansh%20Sharma%2C%20Asif%20Khan%2C%20Basil%20Hameed%2C%20Ethan%20D%E2%80%99Souza%2C%20Fahad%20Nawaz%2C%20Jonathan%20Figy%2C%20Junaid%20Siddique%2C%20Karthik%20Meiyappan%2C%20Lovepreet%20Singh%2C%20Matiullah%2C%20Mohammed%20Faraazuddin%2C%20Muhammad%20Jawadullah%2C%20Rameez%20Shahzad%2C%20Rohan%20Mustafa%2C%20Sanchit%20Sharma%2C%20Vriitya%20Aravind%2C%20Zahoor%20Khan%0D%3C%2Fp%3E%0A
Race card
5.30pm: Maiden (TB) Dh82,500 (Turf) 1,400m
6.05pm: Handicap (TB) Dh87,500 (T) 1,400m
6.40pm: Handicap (TB) Dh105,000 (Dirt) 1,400m
7.15pm: Handicap (TB) Dh105,000 (T) 1,200m
7.50pm: Longines Stakes – Conditions (TB) Dh120,00 (D) 1,900m
8.25pm: Zabeel Trophy – Rated Conditions (TB) Dh120,000 (T) 1,600m
9pm: Handicap (TB) Dh105,000 (T) 2,410m
9.35pm: Handicap (TB) Dh92,500 (T) 2,000m
The specs: 2018 Nissan 370Z Nismo
The specs: 2018 Nissan 370Z Nismo
Price, base / as tested: Dh182,178
Engine: 3.7-litre V6
Power: 350hp @ 7,400rpm
Torque: 374Nm @ 5,200rpm
Transmission: Seven-speed automatic
Fuel consumption, combined: 10.5L / 100km
Read more about the coronavirus
WHAT IS A BLACK HOLE?
1. Black holes are objects whose gravity is so strong not even light can escape their pull
2. They can be created when massive stars collapse under their own weight
3. Large black holes can also be formed when smaller ones collide and merge
4. The biggest black holes lurk at the centre of many galaxies, including our own
5. Astronomers believe that when the universe was very young, black holes affected how galaxies formed
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RESULT
Bayern Munich 5 Eintrracht Frankfurt 2
Bayern: Goretzka (17'), Müller (41'), Lewandowski (46'), Davies (61'), Hinteregger (74' og)
Frankfurt: Hinteregger (52', 55')
Expert advice
“Join in with a group like Cycle Safe Dubai or TrainYAS, where you’ll meet like-minded people and always have support on hand.”
Stewart Howison, co-founder of Cycle Safe Dubai and owner of Revolution Cycles
“When you sweat a lot, you lose a lot of salt and other electrolytes from your body. If your electrolytes drop enough, you will be at risk of cramping. To prevent salt deficiency, simply add an electrolyte mix to your water.”
Cornelia Gloor, head of RAK Hospital’s Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy Centre
“Don’t make the mistake of thinking you can ride as fast or as far during the summer as you do in cooler weather. The heat will make you expend more energy to maintain a speed that might normally be comfortable, so pace yourself when riding during the hotter parts of the day.”
Chandrashekar Nandi, physiotherapist at Burjeel Hospital in Dubai
How Beautiful this world is!
Look north
BBC business reporters, like a new raft of government officials, are being removed from the national and international hub of London and surely the quality of their work must suffer.
Meydan race card
6.30pm: Maiden; Dh165,000; (Dirt) 1,200m
7.05pm: Handicap; Dh170,000; (D) 1,200m
7.40pm: Maiden; Dh165,000; (D) 1,900m
8.15pm: Handicap; Dh185,000; (D) 2,000m
8.50pm: Handicap; Dh185,000; (D) 1,600m
9.25pm: Handicap; Dh165,000; (D) 2,000m
The five pillars of Islam
1. Fasting
2. Prayer
3. Hajj
4. Shahada
5. Zakat
ESSENTIALS
The flights
Fly Etihad or Emirates from the UAE to Moscow from 2,763 return per person return including taxes.
Where to stay
Trips on the Golden Eagle Trans-Siberian cost from US$16,995 (Dh62,414) per person, based on two sharing.
Company profile
Name: One Good Thing
Founders: Bridgett Lau and Micheal Cooke
Based in: Dubai
Sector: e-commerce
Size: 5 employees
Stage: Looking for seed funding
Investors: Self-funded and seeking external investors
Scoreline:
Cardiff City 0
Liverpool 2
Wijnaldum 57', Milner 81' (pen)
The Saudi Cup race card
1 The Jockey Club Local Handicap (TB) 1,800m (Dirt) $500,000
2 The Riyadh Dirt Sprint (TB) 1,200m (D) $1.500,000
3 The 1351 Turf Sprint 1,351m (Turf) $1,000,000
4 The Saudi Derby (TB) 1600m (D) $800,000
5 The Neom Turf Cup (TB) 2,100m (T) $1,000,000
6 The Obaiya Arabian Classic (PB) 2,000m (D) $1,900,000
7 The Red Sea Turf Handicap (TB) 3,000m (T) $2,500,000
8 The Saudi Cup (TB) 1,800m (D) $20,000,000
VEZEETA PROFILE
Date started: 2012
Founder: Amir Barsoum
Based: Dubai, UAE
Sector: HealthTech / MedTech
Size: 300 employees
Funding: $22.6 million (as of September 2018)
Investors: Technology Development Fund, Silicon Badia, Beco Capital, Vostok New Ventures, Endeavour Catalyst, Crescent Enterprises’ CE-Ventures, Saudi Technology Ventures and IFC
Dhadak
Director: Shashank Khaitan
Starring: Janhvi Kapoor, Ishaan Khattar, Ashutosh Rana
Stars: 3
Scores
Wales 74-24 Tonga
England 35-15 Japan
Italy 7-26 Australia
