For most of his 39 years, Malcolm X divided people, and he revelled in it.
Black Americans, especially the urban poor, applauded his attacks on white and black elites. For white America, he was a cocky demagogue whose abrasive rhetoric made him easy to hate.
Yet by his death, X's commanding oratory was drawing crowds from Harlem and Harvard to Cairo. The Autobiography of Malcolm X, co-written by Alex Hayley and published after X's assassination on February 21, 1965, was a blockbuster. Spike Lee's hero-worshipping 1992 biopic polished the icon for a new generation. And we all know that X has become an icon. Rappers took to his oversized confidence and angry wit, and wore the oversized T-shirt. Even the US government, which shadowed him, wasn't immune, issuing a Malcolm X postage stamp in 1999.
Malcolm X doesn't threaten anyone these days, yet the late Manning Marable, with his book, Malcolm X: A Life of Reinvention, entered a tangle of rumour and legend in examining his life. Much of the legend was spun by X himself. Was he a gifted showman, or did the high-school dropout speak from the heart? Was there another side to the shrewd man who, when John Kennedy was assassinated in November 1963, quipped that "the chickens have come home to roost"? X barely had time to consider his own words: less than two years later, he would be shot dead himself.
Marable's title refers to X's evolution from lost youth to delinquent to prisoner to religious figure – he joined the African-American religious movement Nation of Islam while in jail in the early 1950s – to budding leader. Probing beyond X's own version of that process, Marable's comprehensive and complex portrait of X is less of a romance of redemption than a rigorous reality check that brings the contours of his memoir into closer focus. The criminal past of the man born Malcolm Little is, in Marable's version of events, less vicious and more amateur than the Autobiography would have readers believe.
X’s ascent wasn’t a clear trajectory, Marable writes. As his public life flourished, his marriage suffered. He neglected his young family and was unfaithful to his wife with assistants. When he was murdered, he was broke, homeless (he had fallen out with the Nation of Islam, whose enforcers then firebombed his house, from which they were trying to evict him) and haunted by the belief that the movement’s leader, Elijah Muhammad, had ordered his death.
Marable reconstructs the assassination with all the drama and despair of that cold February afternoon. X was due to speak at the Audubon Ballroom on Broadway, where Nation of Islam recruits had planned their attack the night before. He ordered his security men not to check the crowd for weapons, and three men opened fire when he took the stage. Only one, a man called Talmadge Hayer, was caught, while two men who, Hayer later claimed, had not even been there were convicted along with him. Marable maintains that one William Bradley (now known as Al-Mustafa Shabazz) fired a shotgun into X’s chest, as stated by witnesses at the time, but was never charged and lives in Newark, New Jersey, where he recently appeared in a campaign advertisement for that city’s mayor.
X’s murder is just one of the doors that Marable’s exhaustive biography opens, though he will never see what comes of it, as the author, a professor at Columbia University, died last month after a long degenerative illness. However, his research can be viewed at The Malcolm X Project at Columbia University, www.columbia.edu/cu/ccbh/mxp/.
As comprehensive as Marable’s reconstruction of that event is, historians still lack half of the existing FBI records that might establish the complicity or otherwise of law enforcement in X’s killing. Based on the available evidence, Marable argues that, even if law enforcement did not actively take part in the murder, its agents stood aside when it happened. “It was not so much a conspiracy, as a convergence of interests,” Marable said in a radio interview on the 40th anniversary of the assassination.
Another mystery around Malcolm’s death is the failure to prosecute Bradley, a career criminal who served time in prison on another charge and was later honoured for his past as a young athlete in Newark, New Jersey.
There are also questions about the role of Louis Farrakhan, the Nation of Islam minister who replaced X at the mosque over which he presided in Manhattan and later moved into X’s home. In early 1965, Farrakhan denounced the insubordinate X as “worthy of death”. But beyond noting that Farrakhan was “the main beneficiary in Malcolm’s assassination” and citing “his central role in advocating his death”, Marable found no direct evidence of Farrakhan’s involvement. The historian faults Farrakhan “for his ambition, not direct involvement in the crime.”
Some additional light might be provided by unpublished "lost chapters" of the Autobiography, which were purchased at a 1992 sale of papers from Haley's estate by the Detroit lawyer Gregory Reed. In an interview, Marable said he had been allowed to view the pages for 15 minutes. Reed, reached in Detroit, said the annotated papers included discussions between X and Haley about names being changed to avoid the risk of libel suits. Reed also noted that the chapters included an economic plan drafted by X for black empowerment.
Negotiations now under way could lead to the “electronic publication” of the chapters within months, Reed said, hinting that his decision had been accelerated by the publication of Marable’s study.
More details are sure to surface, but Marable’s definitive biography is now the standard by which scholars can evaluate, not just what Malcolm X said, but what generations of others have said about him.
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RESULT
Arsenal 0 Chelsea 3
Chelsea: Willian (40'), Batshuayi (42', 49')
Key facilities
- Olympic-size swimming pool with a split bulkhead for multi-use configurations, including water polo and 50m/25m training lanes
- Premier League-standard football pitch
- 400m Olympic running track
- NBA-spec basketball court with auditorium
- 600-seat auditorium
- Spaces for historical and cultural exploration
- An elevated football field that doubles as a helipad
- Specialist robotics and science laboratories
- AR and VR-enabled learning centres
- Disruption Lab and Research Centre for developing entrepreneurial skills
The smuggler
Eldarir had arrived at JFK in January 2020 with three suitcases, containing goods he valued at $300, when he was directed to a search area.
Officers found 41 gold artefacts among the bags, including amulets from a funerary set which prepared the deceased for the afterlife.
Also found was a cartouche of a Ptolemaic king on a relief that was originally part of a royal building or temple.
The largest single group of items found in Eldarir’s cases were 400 shabtis, or figurines.
Khouli conviction
Khouli smuggled items into the US by making false declarations to customs about the country of origin and value of the items.
According to Immigration and Customs Enforcement, he provided “false provenances which stated that [two] Egyptian antiquities were part of a collection assembled by Khouli's father in Israel in the 1960s” when in fact “Khouli acquired the Egyptian antiquities from other dealers”.
He was sentenced to one year of probation, six months of home confinement and 200 hours of community service in 2012 after admitting buying and smuggling Egyptian antiquities, including coffins, funerary boats and limestone figures.
For sale
A number of other items said to come from the collection of Ezeldeen Taha Eldarir are currently or recently for sale.
Their provenance is described in near identical terms as the British Museum shabti: bought from Salahaddin Sirmali, "authenticated and appraised" by Hossen Rashed, then imported to the US in 1948.
- An Egyptian Mummy mask dating from 700BC-30BC, is on offer for £11,807 ($15,275) online by a seller in Mexico
- A coffin lid dating back to 664BC-332BC was offered for sale by a Colorado-based art dealer, with a starting price of $65,000
- A shabti that was on sale through a Chicago-based coin dealer, dating from 1567BC-1085BC, is up for $1,950
Our legal consultant
Name: Dr Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
The%20Specs%20
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At a glance
Global events: Much of the UK’s economic woes were blamed on “increased global uncertainty”, which can be interpreted as the economic impact of the Ukraine war and the uncertainty over Donald Trump’s tariffs.
Growth forecasts: Cut for 2025 from 2 per cent to 1 per cent. The OBR watchdog also estimated inflation will average 3.2 per cent this year
Welfare: Universal credit health element cut by 50 per cent and frozen for new claimants, building on cuts to the disability and incapacity bill set out earlier this month
Spending cuts: Overall day-to day-spending across government cut by £6.1bn in 2029-30
Tax evasion: Steps to crack down on tax evasion to raise “£6.5bn per year” for the public purse
Defence: New high-tech weaponry, upgrading HM Naval Base in Portsmouth
Housing: Housebuilding to reach its highest in 40 years, with planning reforms helping generate an extra £3.4bn for public finances
The specs
Engine: 4.0-litre flat-six
Torque: 450Nm at 6,100rpm
Transmission: 7-speed PDK auto or 6-speed manual
Fuel economy, combined: 13.8L/100km
On sale: Available to order now
Russia's Muslim Heartlands
Dominic Rubin, Oxford
The specs
Engine: Four electric motors, one at each wheel
Power: 579hp
Torque: 859Nm
Transmission: Single-speed automatic
Price: From Dh825,900
On sale: Now
THE SPECS
Engine: 6.75-litre twin-turbocharged V12 petrol engine
Power: 420kW
Torque: 780Nm
Transmission: 8-speed automatic
Price: From Dh1,350,000
On sale: Available for preorder now
Specs
Engine: 51.5kW electric motor
Range: 400km
Power: 134bhp
Torque: 175Nm
Price: From Dh98,800
Available: Now
Skewed figures
In the village of Mevagissey in southwest England the housing stock has doubled in the last century while the number of residents is half the historic high. The village's Neighbourhood Development Plan states that 26% of homes are holiday retreats. Prices are high, averaging around £300,000, £50,000 more than the Cornish average of £250,000. The local average wage is £15,458.
match info
Athletic Bilbao 1 (Muniain 37')
Atletico Madrid 1 (Costa 39')
Man of the match Iker Muniain (Athletic Bilbao)
The specs
Engine: 1.5-litre turbo
Power: 181hp
Torque: 230Nm
Transmission: 6-speed automatic
Starting price: Dh79,000
On sale: Now
Mercer, the investment consulting arm of US services company Marsh & McLennan, expects its wealth division to at least double its assets under management (AUM) in the Middle East as wealth in the region continues to grow despite economic headwinds, a company official said.
Mercer Wealth, which globally has $160 billion in AUM, plans to boost its AUM in the region to $2-$3bn in the next 2-3 years from the present $1bn, said Yasir AbuShaban, a Dubai-based principal with Mercer Wealth.
“Within the next two to three years, we are looking at reaching $2 to $3 billion as a conservative estimate and we do see an opportunity to do so,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Mercer does not directly make investments, but allocates clients’ money they have discretion to, to professional asset managers. They also provide advice to clients.
“We have buying power. We can negotiate on their (client’s) behalf with asset managers to provide them lower fees than they otherwise would have to get on their own,” he added.
Mercer Wealth’s clients include sovereign wealth funds, family offices, and insurance companies among others.
From its office in Dubai, Mercer also looks after Africa, India and Turkey, where they also see opportunity for growth.
Wealth creation in Middle East and Africa (MEA) grew 8.5 per cent to $8.1 trillion last year from $7.5tn in 2015, higher than last year’s global average of 6 per cent and the second-highest growth in a region after Asia-Pacific which grew 9.9 per cent, according to consultancy Boston Consulting Group (BCG). In the region, where wealth grew just 1.9 per cent in 2015 compared with 2014, a pickup in oil prices has helped in wealth generation.
BCG is forecasting MEA wealth will rise to $12tn by 2021, growing at an annual average of 8 per cent.
Drivers of wealth generation in the region will be split evenly between new wealth creation and growth of performance of existing assets, according to BCG.
Another general trend in the region is clients’ looking for a comprehensive approach to investing, according to Mr AbuShaban.
“Institutional investors or some of the families are seeing a slowdown in the available capital they have to invest and in that sense they are looking at optimizing the way they manage their portfolios and making sure they are not investing haphazardly and different parts of their investment are working together,” said Mr AbuShaban.
Some clients also have a higher appetite for risk, given the low interest-rate environment that does not provide enough yield for some institutional investors. These clients are keen to invest in illiquid assets, such as private equity and infrastructure.
“What we have seen is a desire for higher returns in what has been a low-return environment specifically in various fixed income or bonds,” he said.
“In this environment, we have seen a de facto increase in the risk that clients are taking in things like illiquid investments, private equity investments, infrastructure and private debt, those kind of investments were higher illiquidity results in incrementally higher returns.”
The Abu Dhabi Investment Authority, one of the largest sovereign wealth funds, said in its 2016 report that has gradually increased its exposure in direct private equity and private credit transactions, mainly in Asian markets and especially in China and India. The authority’s private equity department focused on structured equities owing to “their defensive characteristics.”
Our legal consultants
Name: Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
Formula Middle East Calendar (Formula Regional and Formula 4)
Round 1: January 17-19, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 2: January 22-23, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 3: February 7-9, Dubai Autodrome – Dubai
Round 4: February 14-16, Yas Marina Circuit – Abu Dhabi
Round 5: February 25-27, Jeddah Corniche Circuit – Saudi Arabia
57%20Seconds
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Company%20profile
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UPI facts
More than 2.2 million Indian tourists arrived in UAE in 2023
More than 3.5 million Indians reside in UAE
Indian tourists can make purchases in UAE using rupee accounts in India through QR-code-based UPI real-time payment systems
Indian residents in UAE can use their non-resident NRO and NRE accounts held in Indian banks linked to a UAE mobile number for UPI transactions
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
Real estate tokenisation project
Dubai launched the pilot phase of its real estate tokenisation project last month.
The initiative focuses on converting real estate assets into digital tokens recorded on blockchain technology and helps in streamlining the process of buying, selling and investing, the Dubai Land Department said.
Dubai’s real estate tokenisation market is projected to reach Dh60 billion ($16.33 billion) by 2033, representing 7 per cent of the emirate’s total property transactions, according to the DLD.
Company%20profile
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Volunteers offer workers a lifeline
Community volunteers have swung into action delivering food packages and toiletries to the men.
When provisions are distributed, the men line up in long queues for packets of rice, flour, sugar, salt, pulses, milk, biscuits, shaving kits, soap and telecom cards.
Volunteers from St Mary’s Catholic Church said some workers came to the church to pray for their families and ask for assistance.
Boxes packed with essential food items were distributed to workers in the Dubai Investments Park and Ras Al Khaimah camps last week. Workers at the Sonapur camp asked for Dh1,600 towards their gas bill.
“Especially in this year of tolerance we consider ourselves privileged to be able to lend a helping hand to our needy brothers in the Actco camp," Father Lennie Connully, parish priest of St Mary’s.
Workers spoke of their helplessness, seeing children’s marriages cancelled because of lack of money going home. Others told of their misery of being unable to return home when a parent died.
“More than daily food, they are worried about not sending money home for their family,” said Kusum Dutta, a volunteer who works with the Indian consulate.
UAE currency: the story behind the money in your pockets
MATCH INFO
Uefa Champions League quarter-final, second leg (first-leg score):
Manchester City (0) v Tottenham Hotspur (1), Wednesday, 11pm UAE
Match is on BeIN Sports
Most%20ODI%20hundreds
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Breast cancer in men: the facts
1) Breast cancer is men is rare but can develop rapidly. It usually occurs in those over the ages of 60, but can occasionally affect younger men.
2) Symptoms can include a lump, discharge, swollen glands or a rash.
3) People with a history of cancer in the family can be more susceptible.
4) Treatments include surgery and chemotherapy but early diagnosis is the key.
5) Anyone concerned is urged to contact their doctor
Company%20Profile
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Our legal consultant
Name: Dr Hassan Mohsen Elhais
Position: legal consultant with Al Rowaad Advocates and Legal Consultants.
